diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index c52825f1..569afb1e 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ default_install_hook_types: [pre-commit, commit-msg]
 
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.3.7
+    rev: v0.4.1
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--fix]
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ repos:
           - svelte
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-eslint
-    rev: v9.0.0
+    rev: v9.1.1
     hooks:
       - id: eslint
         types: [file]
diff --git a/chgnet/graph/graph.py b/chgnet/graph/graph.py
index 9b23ca58..25383348 100644
--- a/chgnet/graph/graph.py
+++ b/chgnet/graph/graph.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def __init__(self, index: int, info: dict | None = None) -> None:
         self.info = info
         self.neighbors: dict[int, list[DirectedEdge | UndirectedEdge]] = {}
 
-    def add_neighbor(self, index, edge):
+    def add_neighbor(self, index, edge) -> None:
         """Draw an directed edge between self and the node specified by index.
 
         Args:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.index = index
         self.info = info
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         """String representation of this edge."""
         nodes, index, info = self.nodes, self.index, self.info
         return f"{type(self).__name__}({nodes=}, {index=}, {info=})"
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def as_dict(self):
             "undirected_edges_list": self.undirected_edges_list,
         }
 
-    def to(self, filename="graph.json"):
+    def to(self, filename="graph.json") -> None:
         """Save graph dictionary to file."""
         write_json(self.as_dict(), filename)
 
diff --git a/chgnet/model/composition_model.py b/chgnet/model/composition_model.py
index d9d6f544..135018d1 100644
--- a/chgnet/model/composition_model.py
+++ b/chgnet/model/composition_model.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Sequence
+    from pathlib import Path
 
     from chgnet.graph.crystalgraph import CrystalGraph
 
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ def get_site_energies(self, graphs: list[CrystalGraph]):
             for graph in graphs
         ]
 
-    def initialize_from(self, dataset: str):
+    def initialize_from(self, dataset: str) -> None:
         """Initialize pre-fitted weights from a dataset."""
         if dataset in ["MPtrj", "MPtrj_e"]:
             self.initialize_from_MPtrj()
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ def initialize_from(self, dataset: str):
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"{dataset=} not supported yet")
 
-    def initialize_from_MPtrj(self):
+    def initialize_from_MPtrj(self) -> None:
         """Initialize pre-fitted weights from MPtrj dataset."""
         state_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
         state_dict["weight"] = torch.tensor(
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ def initialize_from_MPtrj(self):
         self.is_intensive = True
         self.fitted = True
 
-    def initialize_from_MPF(self):
+    def initialize_from_MPF(self) -> None:
         """Initialize pre-fitted weights from MPF dataset."""
         state_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
         state_dict["weight"] = torch.tensor(
@@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ def initialize_from_MPF(self):
         self.is_intensive = False
         self.fitted = True
 
-    def initialize_from_numpy(self, file_name):
+    def initialize_from_numpy(self, file_name: str | Path) -> None:
         """Initialize pre-fitted weights from numpy file."""
         atom_ref_np = np.load(file_name)
         state_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
diff --git a/examples/crystaltoolkit_relax_viewer.ipynb b/examples/crystaltoolkit_relax_viewer.ipynb
index e8e762a6..f25440fd 100644
--- a/examples/crystaltoolkit_relax_viewer.ipynb
+++ b/examples/crystaltoolkit_relax_viewer.ipynb
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
     "    return structure, fig\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
-    "app.run(height=800, use_reloader=False)\n"
+    "app.run(height=800, use_reloader=False)"
    ]
   }
  ],
diff --git a/tests/test_dataset.py b/tests/test_dataset.py
index d1e52578..26a2e210 100644
--- a/tests/test_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_dataset.py
@@ -92,33 +92,18 @@ def test_structure_data_inconsistent_length():
 
 
 def test_dataset_no_shuffling():
-    structures, energies, forces, stresses, magmoms, structure_ids = (
-        [],
-        [],
-        [],
-        [],
-        [],
-        [],
-    )
-    for index in range(100):
-        struct = NaCl.copy()
-        struct.perturb(0.1)
-        structures.append(struct)
-        energies.append(np.random.random(1))
-        forces.append(np.random.random([2, 3]))
-        stresses.append(np.random.random([3, 3]))
-        magmoms.append(np.random.random([2, 1]))
-        structure_ids.append(index)
+    n_samples = 100
+    structure_ids = list(range(n_samples))
+
     structure_data = StructureData(
-        structures=structures,
-        energies=energies,
-        forces=forces,
-        stresses=stresses,
-        magmoms=magmoms,
+        structures=[NaCl.copy().perturb(0.1) for _ in range(n_samples)],
+        energies=np.random.random(n_samples),
+        forces=np.random.random([n_samples, 2, 3]),
+        stresses=np.random.random([n_samples, 3, 3]),
+        magmoms=np.random.random([n_samples, 2, 1]),
         structure_ids=structure_ids,
         shuffle=False,
     )
-
-    assert structure_data[0][0].mp_id == 0
-    assert structure_data[1][0].mp_id == 1
-    assert structure_data[2][0].mp_id == 2
+    sample_ids = [data[0].mp_id for data in structure_data]
+    # shuffle=False means structure_ids should be in order
+    assert sample_ids == structure_ids