From e7baf44926e2a27d36b6c085907df693e19596e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vak2ve Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2024 11:26:32 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Publish born-digital indexes --- volumes/frus1969-76v19p2.xml | 1968 +++++++ volumes/frus1977-80v22.xml | 6579 +++++++++++++++++++++ volumes/frus1977-80v23.xml | 8801 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml | 7726 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ volumes/frus1981-88v06.xml | 9000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ volumes/frus1981-88v41.xml | 10443 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 44517 insertions(+) diff --git a/volumes/frus1969-76v19p2.xml b/volumes/frus1969-76v19p2.xml index d4aa34998..d788edd09 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1969-76v19p2.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1969-76v19p2.xml @@ -33759,5 +33759,1973 @@ + +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + + Aichi Kiichi: + China seat in United Nations, 74 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 15, 27 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 74 + Textiles, 35 + Trip to Washington (June 1970), 47 + + Akatani Genichi: + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 15, 27, + 31, 35, 58, 97, 111, 112, 113 + + Alaska: + Chemical weapons, 43 + + ANZUS. See + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty + Asian Development Bank, 31, 42, 99 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty (ANZUS), 87 + + + Bergsten, C. Fred: + Textiles, 38, + 40, 42, 61, 69 + + Bundy, William, 7 + Bureau of Intelligence and Research + intelligence notes: + “Japan and China Normalize Relations,” + 136 + No. 881, “Japan: Conservative Victory + in General Election,” 37 + + Byrnes, John, 42 + + + Cambodia: + Economic aid, recipient of, 45, 51, + 57, 58, 59, 87, 111 + Vietnam War, 111 + + Cargo, William, 59 + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): + National Intelligence Estimates, 3, 46 + + Chemical weapons (CW): + Alaska, 43 + Guam, 43 + Johnston Atoll, 63 + Okinawa, 43 + + China: + Japan, relations with, 41, 45, + 112, 117, 121, 129, 130, + 131, 133, 134, 136 + United Nations, 74, 83, 91, 93, + 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, + 104, 111 + + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Conference for Security and Cooperation in + Europe (CSCE), 135 + Connally, John: + Asia trip (October 28–November 14, + 1971), 101, 102, 107 + Okinawa reversion, 102, 107 + + Council on International Economic Policy, + 71 + CSCE. See + Conference for Security and Cooperation + in Europe + CW. See + Chemical weapons + + + Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See + North Korea + Dent, Harry, 40, + 42 + Department of Defense, 25, 34, 43, 52, 54, 63, 78, 80, 87, 119, 127, 129 (see + also + Laird, Melvin) + Department of the Treasury, 7, 8, 23, 44, 68, + 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 99, 116 (see also + Connally, John) + Dobrynin, Anatoly: + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 90 + + + + East Asian Chiefs of Mission Conference (July + 9–11, 1970), 49 + Eberle, William: + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 124 + Textiles, 124 + + Eliot, Theodore, 60 + European Economic Community: + Tanaka Kakuei, 132 + + + + Flanigan, Peter: + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 124 + Textiles, 62, + 64, 66, 69, 70, 71, 124 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 62 + + Ford, Gerald: + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 34 + + Foreign aid and assistance, 111, 131 + Fukuda Takeo: + Foreign Minister, appointed as, 77, 102 + Green, Marshall, meeting with, 114 + Johnson, U. Alexis, meeting with, 97 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 97, 98, + 113, 122 + Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), + member of, 97 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 97, 98, + 113 + Okinawa reversion, 113 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 97, 113 + Textiles, 93, + 98 + U.S.-China relations, 122 + Vietnam War, 122 + + Fulbright, J. William, 34 + + + GATT. See + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) + (GATT), 10, 17, + 31, 35, 50, 62, 87 + Geneva textile talks (November 1969), 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36 + Green, Marshall: + Fukuda Takeo, meeting with, 114 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 114 + Tanaka Kakuei, meeting with, 132 + + Greenwald, Joseph, 11 + Gromyko, Andrei, 58, + 117, 133 + Guam: + Chemical weapons, 43 + + + + Haig, Alexander, 11, + 39, 52, 102, 107, 124, 137 + Hirohito: + Trip to the United States (September + 26, 1971), 111 + + Holdridge, John: + Ingersoll, Robert, meeting with, 116 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 116 + Miki Takeo, meeting with, 45 + Momoi Makoto, meeting with, 53 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, meeting with, 53 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 114 + Tanaka Kakuei, meeting with, 24, 121, + 132 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 83, 101, + 104, 108 + Yamanaka Sadanori, meeting with, 73 + + + + Indian Ocean, 59 + India-Pakistan relations, 108 + Ingersoll, Robert: + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 116 + Ohira Masayoshi, meeting with, 137 + Tanaka Kakuei, meeting with, 132 + + Interdepartmental Group for East Asia, 84, 99 + + + Japan: + Armed forces, 8, 45, 46, 59, + 80, 111 + China, relations with, 41, 45, + 112, 117, 121, 129, 130, + 131, 133, 134, 136 + Constitution, 15 + Defense spending, 87, 112 + Domestic politics, 3, 37, 73, 77, + 91, 97, 99, 121 + East Asia relations, 45 + Economy, 10, + 46, 99 + Eight Point Program to Avoid Yen + Revaluation (June 1971), 94, 99 + Emergency relief to Cambodia, 51, 57 + Foreign investment, 10, 31 + Import control, 10 + India-Pakistan relations, 111 + Japan-China normalization of + relations, 136, 137 + Japanese Socialist Party, 122 + Komeito, 3, + 37, 122 + Least Developed Countries, 131 + Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), 3, 37, 97, 122 + National security, 35 + Nuclear weapons, 53, 111, 112, 120 + Regional security, 15, 31 + Rehabilitation Fund for Southeast + Asia, 111 + Senkaku Islands, status of, 75 + Siberian development, 133, 134, + 135 + South Korea, relations with, 131, 133 + Soviet Union, relations with, 112, 117 + Taiwan, relations with, 74, 121, + 126, 129, 130, 131, 133, + 134, 136, 137 + U.S. military bases, 46 + + Japan-China Joint Communiqué (September 29, + 1972), 136 + Japan-Soviet Union relations: + Indian Ocean, 59 + Northern Territories, 58, 117, + 133, 137 + + Japan Textile Federation, 69 + Japan-U.S. Economic Council (OJCS), 122 + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Jiang Jieshi, 133 + Johnson, U. Alexis: + Fukuda Takeo, meeting with, 97 + Memorandum for the Record prepared by, + 81 + National Security Council Meeting + (April 30, 1969), 9 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 34, 130 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 1 + Senior Review Group, 87, 91 + Textiles, 39 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 81, 97 + + Johnston Atoll: + Chemical weapons, 63 + + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 25 + Joint Japan-United States Committee on Trade + and Economic Affairs, 17, 18, 58, 84, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99 + + + Kennedy, David: + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 79 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 42 + Textile negotiations, 79, 86, + 90, 100 + + Kishi Nobusuke: + Haig, Alexander, meeting with, 102 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 56 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 56 + North Korea, views on, 102 + Okinawa reversion, 56, 102 + South Korea, views on, 102 + Taiwan, views on, 102 + Textiles, 56, + 58, 102 + U.S.-China normalization of relations, + 102 + U.S.-Japan Treaty of Mutual + Cooperation and Security (1960), 56 + + Kissinger, Henry, 58, 122: + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Eberle, William, meeting with, 124 + Flanigan, Peter, meeting with, 124 + Fukuda Takeo, meeting with, 97, 98, + 113, 122 + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 116 + India-Pakistan relations, 108 + Ingersoll, Robert, meeting with, 116 + Japan-U.S. Economic Council, meeting + with, 122 + Joint Japan-United States Committee on + Trade and Economic Affairs, 94 + Kishi Nobusuke, meeting with, 56 + Meyer, Armin, correspondence with, + 65 + Miki Takeo, meeting with, 45 + Momoi Makoto, meeting with, 53 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, meeting with, 53, 122 + National Security Council Meeting + (April 30, 1969), 9 + North Korea, 122 + Ohira Masayoshi, 126, 129 + Okinawa, 43, + 52 + Okinawa reversion, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, 58, + 73 + Paris Peace Talks (1968–1973), 137 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 32 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 58, 111, + 112, 113, 122 + Senior Review Group, 87, 91, + 93 + Shimoda Takeso, meeting with, 12 + Tanaka Kakuei, meeting with, 24, 121, + 122, 126, 128, 131, 132, + 133, 134 + Textiles, 90, + 98, 101 + Togo Fumihiko, meeting with, 6 + Trip to China (July 1971), 83, 104 + Trip to Japan (June 9–12, 1972), 119, 120, + 122 + Trip to Moscow (September 11–13, + 1972), 133, 135 + U.S.-China relations, 108 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 56, 73, + 83, 90, 97, 101, 104, 108, 111, + 112, 113, 131, 135 + Wakaizumi Kei, meeting with, 28 + Yamanaka Sadanori, meeting with, 73 + + Komeito (NKP, Kōmeitō): + North Korea, views on, 122 + + + + Laird, Melvin: + Masuhara Keiichi, meeting with, 80 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, meeting with, 80 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 34 + Okinawa, 25, + 43, 52, 54, 63, 119 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 78, 80 + Trip to Japan (July 4–11, 1971), 80 + + LDP. See + Liberal Democratic Party + (Japan) + Levin, Herbert, 59 + Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) (LDP, Jimintō), 37, 81, 84, 91, 95, 97, 99, 102, 121, 123, 131 + Long, Oliver, 55 + + + Masuhara Keiichi, 80 + McCormack, John, 34 + Meir, Golda, 58 + Meyer, Armin, 15, + 39, 41, 60, 65, 70, 115 + Middle East, 31, + 58, 133 + Miki Takeo, 45 + Mills, Wilbur: + Japan Textile Federation, 69 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 42, 69 + Textiles, 42, + 48, 50, 55, 58, 61, 66, 69, + 86 + + Miyazawa Kiichi: + Long, Oliver, meeting with, 55 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 55 + Stans, Maurice, meeting with, 50 + Textiles, 47, + 50 + Trade liberalization, 55 + + Momoi Makoto: + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 53 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 53 + + + + Nakasone Yasuhiro: + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 53 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 53, 122 + Laird, Melvin, meeting with, 80 + Sato Eisaku, relations with, 73 + U.S.-China relations, 80 + + National Intelligence Estimates: + NIE 41-69, 3 + NIE 41-70, 46 + Okinawa reversion, 3 + + National Security Council (NSC): + Interdepartmental Group for East Asia, + 7, 91, + 99 + National Security Decision Memoranda + (NSDM), 13, 67, 84, 94, 99 + National Security Study Memoranda + (NSSM), 2, 7, 72 + Okinawa reversion, 9 + U.S. trade mission to Asia (May 1969), + 10, 11 + + National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM): + NSDM 130, 94, + 99 + NSDM 13, 13, + 67, 84 + Okinawa reversion, 13 + + National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM): + NSSM 122, 72, + 84, 87, 99 + NSSM 5, 2 + + Nixon correspondence: + Meyer, Armin, 115 + Reischauer, Edwin, 105 + Sato Eisaku, 47, 51, 70, 79, + 82, 85, 89 + + Nixon Doctrine, 45, + 49, 53, 56, 59, 67, 72, 84, 87, 122 + Nixon meetings: + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Aichi Kiichi, 15, 27 + Akatani Genichi, 15, 27, 31, 35, + 58, 97, 111, 112, 113 + Ford, Gerald, 34 + Fukuda Takeo, 97, 98, 113 + Fulbright, J. William, 34 + Green, Marshall, 130 + Holdridge, John, 130 + Johnson, U. Alexis, 34, 130 + Kennedy, David, 79 + Kishi Nobusuke, 56, 102 + Kissinger, Henry, 130 + Laird, Melvin, 34 + McCormack, John, 34 + Mills, Wilbur, 42, 69 + Ohira Masayoshi, 132, 134, 137 + Rivers, L. Mendel, 34 + Rogers, William, 34, 130 + Sato Eisaku, 27, 29, 31, 35, + 58, 108, 111, 112, 113 + Scott, Hugh, 34 + Shimoda Takeso, 15 + Stennis, John, 34 + Tanaka Kakuei, 131, 132, 133, 134 + Thurmond, Strom, 40 + Togo Fumihiko, 15 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, 56, 97, 111, 112, + 113, 131, 132, 133, 134 + Wheeler, Earle, 34 + + Nixon, Richard (see + also + Nixon correspondence; Nixon Doctrine; Nixon meetings): + China seat in United Nations, 102 + Economic aid to India, 111 + Economic program, 89, 91 + Emergency relief to Cambodia, 57 + Five-power world concept, 122 + Foreign Affairs + article (October 1967), 15 + Foreign aid and assistance, 111 + Japan-China normalization of + relations, 137 + Joint Japan-United States Committee on + Trade and Economic Affairs, 92, + 94 + Meeting with Congressional leaders + (November 21, 1969), 34 + National Security Council Meeting + (April 30, 1969), 9 + National Security Decision Memoranda + (NSDM), 13, 67, 84, 94, 99 + National Security Study Memoranda + (NSSM), 2, 7, 72, 84 + New Economic Policy (August 15, 1971), + 89, 90, 91, 100 + Nuclear weapons, 31 + Okinawa, 43, + 52, 54, 63 + Okinawa reversion, 9, 27, 56, 58, + 68, 80, 111, 113, 118 + Shanghai Communiqué (1972), 131, 133, + 134 + Speech on Southeast Asia peace + initiatives (October 7, 1970), 58 + Speech on Vietnam (May 14, 1969), 12, 35 + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972), 112 + Taiwan, 133 + Talks between North and South Korea, + views on, 133 + Textiles, 40, + 42, 47, 56, 58, 61, 64, 69, + 70, 71, 73, 79, 86, 98, 100 + Trip to China (February 21–28, 1972), + 83, 85, 102, 111, 112, + 114, 115 + U.S.-China normalization of relations, + 58, 82, 83, 85, 102, 111, 114, + 122, 130, 131, 132, 133 + U.S.-China relations, 134 + U.S.-Europe relations, 111 + U.S.-Japan defense relationship, 78, 80, + 127 + U.S.-Japan economic relations, 110 + Vietnamization, 49, 58, 80, 111 + + NKP. See + Komeito + Northern Territories, 56, 58, 117, 133, 135, 137 + North Korea: + Kishi Nobusuke views on, 102 + Kissinger, Henry, 122 + Komeito views on, 122 + Sato Eisaku views on, 111 + South Korea, relations with, 102, 133 + Togo Fumihiko, viewed by, 6 + + NPT. See + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NSC. See + National Security Council + Nuclear weapons, 3, + 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 16, 23, 24, 31, 34, 35, 53, 78, 80, 91, 111, 112, 113, 120 + + + Ohira Masayoshi: + Ingersoll, Robert, meeting with, 137 + Japan-China normalization of + relations, 132, 137 + Kissinger, Henry, 126, 129 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 132, 134, + 137 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 132 + South Korea, 137 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 137 + + Oil, 121 + OJCS. See + Japan-U.S. Economic Council + Okinawa: + Chemical weapons, 43 + Kissinger, Henry, 43, 52 + Laird, Melvin, 25, 43, 52, 54, + 63, 119 + Nixon, Richard, 43, 52, 54, 63 + Nuclear weapons, 4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 23, + 24, 34, 35, 113 + Removal of weapons, 19, 43, 52, 54, + 63 + Security, 4, + 6, 34 + Senkaku Islands, 75 + U.S. Congress, 34, 35, 43, 52, + 68, 73, 102, 111 + + Okinawa reversion: + Johnson memoranda, 81 + Johnson-Sato meeting (January 14, + 1969), 1 + Kennedy-Fukuda discussions, 58 + Kishi Nobusuke, 56, 102 + Kissinger memoranda, 4, 14, 16, 43, + 52, 63, 78, 107 + Kissinger-Shimoda meeting (May 21, + 1969), 12 + Kissinger-Togo meeting (April 29, + 1969), 6 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (October 29, + 1971), 104 + Kissinger-Yamanaka meeting (June 1, + 1971), 73 + Laird memoranda, 25, 80, 119 + Laird-Sato meeting (July 9, 1971), + 78 + National Intelligence Estimates, 3 + National Security Council meetings, + 9 + National Security Council papers, 8 + National Security Decision Memoranda + (NSDM), 13 + Nixon-Congressional leaders meetings, + 34 + Nixon-Kishi meeting (October 22, + 1971), 102 + Nixon-Kishi meeting (October 6, 1970), + 56 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 6, 1972), + 111 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 7, 1972, + 11 a.m.), 113 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 11 a.m.), 27 + Nixon-Sato meeting (October 24, 1970, + 4 p.m.), 58 + Okinawa Reversion treaty (June 17, + 1971), 107, 111, 118 + Rogers memoranda, 23, 68 + Senior Review Group meeting, 91 + Textiles, related to, 20, 31, + 35, 48, 58 + Wheeler, Earle, 34 + + + + Packard, David: + Senior Review Group, 87 + + People’s Republic of China. See + China + Peterson, Peter: + Senior Review Group, 87, 91, + 93 + Textiles, 71, + 86, 100 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 106 + U.S.-Japan economic relations, 72, 88, + 92, 106, 122 + + + + Republic of Korea. See + South Korea + Reston, James, 90 + Rivers, L. Mendel, 34 + Rogers, William: + Aichi Kiichi, meeting with, 74 + East Asian Chiefs of Mission + Conference (July 9–11, 1970), 49 + Fukuda Takeo, meeting with, 97, 113 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 32 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 34, 130 + Ohira Masayoshi, meeting with, 132 + Okinawa reversion, 68, 113 + Sato Eisaku, meeting with, 48 + Tanaka Kakuei, meeting with, 132, 134 + Textiles, 48, + 64 + U.S.-China normalization of relations, + 131, 132 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, meeting with, 113 + + Ryuku Islands, 4 + + + SALT. See + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972) + Sato Eisaku (see also + Sato visit to San Clemente, CA (January + 6–7, 1972); Sato visit to the + United States (November 19–21, 1969); Sato visit to the United States (October + 24, 1970)): + Domestic politics, 3, 9, 37, 77, 122 + Emergency relief to Cambodia, 57 + Green, Marshall, meeting with, 114 + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 114 + Johnson, U. Alexis, meeting with, 1 + Joint Japan-United States Committee on + Trade and Economic Affairs, 95 + Kennedy, David, meeting with, 42 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 58, 111, + 112, 113, 122 + Laird, Melvin, meeting with, 78, 80 + Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), + member of, 37, 97 + Meir, Golda, meeting with, 58 + Meyer, Armin, meeting with, 74, 114 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, relations with, + 73 + Nixon, Richard + correspondence with, 47, + 51, 70, 79, 82, 85, 89 + meeting with, 27, 29, 31, 35, 58, 111, 112, 113 + + North Korea, views on, 111 + Okinawa reversion, 1, 3, 4, 27, 58, 78, + 80, 81, 91, 113 + Press Club speech (November 21, 1969), + 31, 34, 35 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 48 + Self Defense Forces, 80 + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972), 122 + Tanaka Kakuei successor of, 123, 129 + Textiles, 40, + 42, 47, 48, 61, 64, 65, 70, + 79, 86 + U.S.-China normalization of relations, + 83, 85, 95, 99, 114 + U.S.-China relations, 80, 122 + Vietnam War, 122 + + Sato visit to San Clemente, CA (January 6–7, 1972): + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 6, 1972), + 111 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 7, 1972, + 11 a.m.), 113 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 7, 1972, + 9:30 a.m.), 112 + Planning, 108, 109 + + Sato visit to the United States (November + 19–21, 1969): + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 11 a.m.), 27 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 8 p.m.), 29 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 20, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 31 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 21, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 35 + Planning, 26, + 30 + + Sato visit to the United States (October 24, 1970): + Nixon-Sato meeting (October 24, 1970, + 4 p.m.), 58 + + Scott, Hugh, 34 + Senior Review Group, 87, 91, 93 + Senkaku Islands, 75, + 134: + Historical overview, 75 + + Shakespeare, Francis, 67 + Shanghai Communiqué (1972), 129, 131, 133, 134, 136 + Shimoda Takeso: + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 12 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 15 + Okinawa reversion, 12 + + Shultz, George: + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Miyazawa Kiichi, meeting with, 55 + Textiles, 55 + + Sneider, Richard, 6 + Southeast Asia, 3, + 31, 35, 45, 51, 58, 59, 87, 91, 111 + South Korea: + Declaration of martial law (October + 17, 1972), 137 + Japan, relations with, 131, 133 + Kishi Nobusuke views on, 102 + North Korea, relations with, 102, 133 + Ohira Masayoshi, 137 + Okinawa reversion, 111 + Tanaka Kakuei, 133 + + Soviet Union: + Japan-China normalization of + relations, 135 + Japan, relations with, 112, 117 + Vietnam War, 111 + + Soviet Union-Japan relations: + Kurile Islands, 90, 117, 130 + + Stans, Maurice: + Byrnes, John, meeting with, 42 + Miyazawa Kiichi, meeting with, 50 + Textiles, 50, + 62 + Trip to East Asia (May 1969), 10, 11 + U.S.-Japan Textile negotiations (June + 22–24, 1970), 50 + + Stennis, John, 34 + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (1972) + (SALT), 31, 83, + 101, 112, + 122: + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 112, 122, + 135 + + Strickland, Robert, 110 + Suzuki Takashi: + U.S.-Japan semi-annual planning talks + (November 2–3, 1970), 59 + + + + Taiwan: + Japan, relations with, 74, 121, + 126, 129, 130, 131, 133, + 134, 136, 137 + Kishi Nobusuke views on, 102 + Senkaku Islands, relations with, 75 + United Nations, member of, 74, 81, + 83, 90, 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, + 102, 103, 104, 111 + + Tanaka Kakuei (see + also + Tanaka Visit to Hawaii (August + 30–September 1, 1972)): + China-Japanese relations, 123, 125, + 126, 131 + Domestic politics, 123 + European Economic Community, 132 + Green, Marshall, meeting with, 132 + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 133 + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 24, 121, + 132 + Ingersoll, Robert, meeting with, 132 + Japan-China normalization of + relations, 132, 136 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 24, 121, + 122, 126, 128, 131, 132, + 133, 134 + Minister of International Trade and + Industry, appointed as, 77 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 132, 134 + Sato Eisaku, successor of, 123, 129 + South Korea, 133 + Talks between North and South Korea, + views on, 133 + Trip to China (September 1972), 131, 135, + 136 + U.S.-China relations, 122, 125 + + Tanaka Visit to Hawaii (August 30–September + 1, 1972): + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (August 31, 1972, + 1 p.m.), 131 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (August 31, 1972, + 3:15 p.m.), 132 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (September 1, + 1972, 10:20 a.m.), 134 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (September 1, + 1972, 9 a.m.), 133 + Planning, 124, 125, 126, 127, + 128, 129, 130 + Text of the Joint Statement (September + 25, 1972), 134 + + Tariffs, 10, 18, 99 + Textiles: + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Aichi Kiichi, 35 + Bergsten memoranda, 40, 61 + Geneva talks (November 1969), 28, 30, + 31, 32, 35, 36 + Green memoranda, 66 + Haig memoranda, 39 + Holdridge memoranda, 38 + Kissinger-Eberle-Flanigan meeting + (August 9, 1972), 124 + Kissinger memoranda, 5, 18, 50 + Kissinger-Meyer correspondence, 65 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (August 21, + 1971), 90 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (October 15, + 1971), 101 + National Security Council papers, 10 + Nixon-Fukuda meeting (September 10, + 1971, 8:16 p.m.), 98 + Nixon-Kishi meeting (October 6, 1970), + 56 + Nixon-Kishi meetings, 102 + Nixon-Sato correspondence, 47, 70, + 79 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 20, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 31 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 21, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 35 + Nixon-Sato meeting (October 24, 1970, + 4 p.m.), 58 + Okinawa reversion related to, 20, 31, + 35, 48, 58 + Peterson memoranda, 71, 86 + Presidential briefing paper, 30 + Rogers memoranda, 23, 64 + Senior Review Group meeting, 93 + Shultz memoranda, 55 + Stans memoranda, 22, 62 + Stans-Miyazawa meeting (June 22–24, + 1970), 50 + Trezise memoranda, 66 + U.S.-Japan Agreement (January 3, + 1972), 101, 102 + + Thurmond, Strom: + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 40 + Textiles, 69 + + Togo Fumihiko: + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 6 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 15 + North Korea viewed by, 6 + Okinawa reversion, 6 + Sneider, Richard, meeting with, 6 + + Train, Russell, 58 + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear + Weapons (1968) (NPT), 3, 26, 31, 35, 38, 45, 53, 111, 112, 120 + Trezise, Philip, 21, + 31, 39, 66, 87, 91, 93 + + + UN. See + United Nations + United Nations (UN): + China, 74, + 83, 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, + 103, 104, 111 + Taiwan member of, 74, 81, 83, 90, + 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, + 104, 111 + + U.S.-China normalization of relations: + Korean peninsula, impact on, 130 + Vietnam War, 111 + + U.S.-China relations: + Fukuda Takeo, 122 + Kissinger, Henry, 108 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, 80 + Sato Eisaku, 80, 122 + Tanaka Kakuei, 122, 125 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, 104, 108 + Warsaw Talks (1955–1970), 112 + + U.S. Congress: + Okinawa, 34, + 35, 43, 52, 68, 73, 102, 111 + Textiles, 42, + 48, 50, 55, 58, 61, 66, 69, + 71, 86 + + U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka, 60 + Ushiba Nobuhiko: + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 90 + Flanigan, Peter, meeting with, 62 + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 83, 101, + 104, 108 + India-Pakistan relations, 108 + Johnson, U. Alexis, meeting with, 81, 97 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 56, 73, + 83, 90, 97, 101, 104, 108, 111, + 112, 113, 131, 135 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 56, 97, + 111, 112, 113, 131, 132, + 133, 134 + Okinawa reversion, 81 + Peterson, Peter, meeting with, 106 + Rogers, William, meeting with, 113 + Siberian development, 135 + Textiles, 66, + 70, 73, 90, 101 + U.S.-China relations, 104, 108 + Vietnam War, 135 + + U.S.-Japan defense relationship: + Kissinger memoranda, 78 + Kissinger-Nakasone meeting (September + 10, 1970), 53 + Kissinger-Shimoda meeting (May 21, + 1969), 12 + Laird memoranda, 80, 119, 127 + Laird-Sato meeting (July 9, 1971), + 78 + National Intelligence Estimates, 3 + NSC papers, 8 + NSDM 13, 80 + + U.S.-Japan economic relations, 121: + Cambodia, 45 + Council on International Economic + Policy, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94 + Eight Point Program to Avoid Yen + Revaluation (June 1971), 91, 92, 94, + 96, 99 + Kissinger memoranda, 95, 96 + Nixon economic reforms, 91, 130 + Peterson-Ushiba meeting (November 1, + 1971), 106 + Rogers memoranda, 92 + Stans, Maurice, 44 + + U.S.-Japanese Security Consultative + Committee, 53 + U.S.-Japan Joint Communiqué (November 21, 1969): + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 11 a.m.), 27 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 21, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 35 + U.S.-Japan Treaty of Mutual + Cooperation and Security (1960), 34 + Wheeler, Earle, 34 + + U.S.-Japan relations: + Holdridge memoranda, 38, 59 + Johnson-Sato meeting (January 14, + 1969), 1 + Johnson-Ushiba meeting (July 15, + 1971), 81 + Kissinger-Ingersoll meeting (April 3, + 1972), 116 + Kissinger memoranda, 4, 5, 16, 26, 43, 57, + 63, 105, 107, 110, 122, + 123, 126, 128, 129 + Kissinger-Miki meeting (June 23, + 1970), 45 + Kissinger-Shimoda meeting (May 21, + 1969), 12 + Kissinger-Tanaka meeting (August 19, + 1972), 128 + Kissinger-Tanaka meeting (June 12, + 1972), 121 + Kissinger-Tanaka meeting (November 17, + 1969), 24 + Kissinger-Togo meeting (April 29, + 1969), 6 + Kissinger trip to China (July 1971), + 83 + Kissinger trip to Japan (June 9–12, + 1972), 122 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (August 21, + 1971), 90 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (December 22, + 1971), 108 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (July 23, + 1971), 83 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (October 15, + 1971), 101 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (October 29, + 1971), 104 + Kissinger-Ushiba meeting (September + 22, 1972), 135 + Kissinger-Yamanaka meeting (June 1, + 1971), 73 + Laird memoranda, 25 + Meyer-Sato meeting (June 2, 1971), + 74 + Meyer-Sato meetings, 114 + National Security Council meetings, + 9 + National Security Decision Memoranda + (NSDM), 13, 67, 84, 94, 99 + National Security Study Memoranda + (NSSM), 2, 7, 72 + Nixon-Aichi meeting (June 2, 1969), + 15 + Nixon-Fukuda meeting (September 10, + 1971, 7:30 p.m.), 97 + Nixon-Fukuda meeting (September 10, + 1971, 8:16 p.m.), 98 + Nixon-Kishi meeting (October 22, + 1971), 102 + Nixon-Kishi meeting (October 6, 1970), + 56 + Nixon memoranda, 36, 54 + Nixon-Meyer correspondence, 115 + Nixon-Sato correspondence, 47, 51, + 70, 79, 82, 103 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 6, 1972), + 111 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 7, 1972, + 11 a.m.), 113 + Nixon-Sato meeting (January 7, 1972, + 9:30 a.m.), 112 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 11 a.m.), 27 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 19, 1969, + 8 p.m.), 29 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 20, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 31 + Nixon-Sato meeting (November 21, 1969, + 10:15 a.m.), 35 + Nixon-Sato meeting (October 24, 1970, + 4 p.m.), 58 + Nixon-Tanaka Communiqué (September + 1972), 124 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (August 31, 1972, + 1 p.m.), 131 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (August 31, 1972, + 3:15 p.m.), 132 + Nixon-Tanaka meeting (September 1, + 1972, 9 a.m.), 133 + Nixon trip to China (February 1972), + 83, 99, 101, 104, 111, + 115, 129, 131 + Rogers memoranda, 23, 49, 68, 82, + 125 + Sato visit (November 19–21, 1969), + 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 35 + Trezise memoranda, 21 + U.S.-Japan Joint Communiqué (November + 21, 1969), 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, + 34, 35 + U.S.-Japan semi-annual planning talks + (November 2–3, 1970), 59 + + U.S.-Japan semi-annual planning talks + (November 2–3, 1970), 59 + U.S.-Japan trade relations (see also + Textiles): + Ad Hoc Textile Group, 69 + Bergsten memoranda, 40 + Geneva textile talks (November 1969), + 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36 + Haig memoranda, 39 + Joint Japan-United States Committee on + Trade and Economic Affairs, 17, + 18, 58, 87, 96 + Kissinger memoranda, 18, 50 + Nixon-Mills meeting (July 9, 1970), + 42 + Nixon-Thurmond meeting (February 19, + 1970), 40 + NSC papers, 10 + Rogers memoranda, 64 + Rogers-Sato meeting (July 8, 1970), + 48 + Stans memoranda, 17, 20 + Textile negotiations, 39, 61, + 62, 64, 71 + U.S.-Japan Textile negotiations (June + 22–24, 1970), 50 + + U.S.-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and + Security (1960): + Kishi Nobusuke, 56 + Nixon Doctrine, 45 + U.S.-Japan Joint Communiqué (November + 21, 1969), 34 + + U.S.-Soviet Union relations: + Ohira Masayoshi, 137 + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972), 112, 122, 135 + + U.S.-Taiwan relations, 74, 135 + + + Vietnam War: + Cambodia, 111 + Fukuda Takeo, 122 + Paris Peace Talks (1968–1973), 133, 137 + Sato Eisaku, 122 + Soviet Union, 111 + U.S.-China normalization of relations, + 111 + Ushiba Nobuhiko, 135 + + Voice of America, 58, 67, 107 + Volcker, Paul, 93 + + + Wakaizumi Kei, 28 + Wheeler, Earle, 34 + + + Yamanaka Sadanori: + Holdridge, John, meeting with, 73 + + + + Zhou Enlai, 90, 104, 112, 122, 133 + + + +
+ diff --git a/volumes/frus1977-80v22.xml b/volumes/frus1977-80v22.xml index ac5ba5fa7..41f0402a7 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1977-80v22.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1977-80v22.xml @@ -67539,6 +67539,6585 @@ +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + + Aaron, David, 42, + 277: + Siddhi Savetsila, meeting with, 169 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 325 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 169 + + Abramowitz, Morton: + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, meeting with, + 177 + Narcotics, 171 + Nguyen Co Thach, meeting with, 64, 92 + U.S.-Australia relations, 250 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167, 171, + 177, 180 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 177 + + Afghanistan, 186, + 220, 224, + 226: + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 83, 146, 149, + 222, 268, 269, 270, 274, + 332 + + Africa, 196, 241, 269: + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 209 + + Agency for International Development (USAID): + Cambodian relief, 80 + Philippines base negotiations, 312 + Timor-Leste, 218 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 220 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 298, 299, + 312, 320 + + Alston, Philip, Jr.: + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 246, + 280 + + American Friends Service Committee, 8 + American Samoa, 143 + ANZUS. See + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty + Aquino, Benigno: + Political opposition, 333, 334 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 309, 311, + 322, 333 + + Armacost, Michael “Mike”: + Marcos, Ferdinand, meeting with, 107 + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 85 + Philippines base negotiations, 314 + Proposed U.S. troop withdrawal from + Korea, 107 + Trip to Asia (1977), 107 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 314 + + Arms sales: + Indonesia, 125 + U.S.-Australia relations, 237 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 129, 206, + 207 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 305 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 198, 199, + 203, 215 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 33, 35 + + Arun Panupongse, 187 + ASEAN. See + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + Asian Development Bank, 104, 106, 125: + Nauru, 289 + + Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): + Agricultural planning center agreement + (1980), 146 + ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting + (December 1979), 144 + ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary + Organization, 149 + ASEAN summit (August 4–5, 1977), 240 + Australia, 149, 240 + Boundary disputes, 149 + Bureaucratic structure, 149 + Cambodia, 144, 146, 149, 277, + 279 + Canada, 149 + Central Intelligence Agency, 149 + China, 149 + Declaration of ASEAN Concord (1976), + 149 + Economic cooperation, 149 + Ethnic conflict, 149 + European Community, 129, 137, + 149 + First U.S.–ASEAN Dialogue (September + 8–10, 1977), 17 + Foreign policy cooperation, 149 + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947), 149 + Historical overview, 149 + Human rights, 134 + India, 70, + 85, 149, 184, 201, 221 + Indochinese refugees, 118, 134, + 136, 137, 138, 142, 144, + 146, 216 + International Monetary Fund, 149 + Islam, 134, + 149 + Jakarta Conference (April 1979), 134 + Japan, 60, + 104, 131, 136, 149 + Laos, 149 + Lee Kwan Yew, 201, 209 + Malaysia-Philippines relations, 149 + Malaysia, 146, 149 + Malaysia-Thailand relations, 149 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 332 + Maritime issues, 149 + Middle East, 149 + Military cooperation, 149 + Mondale, Walter, 209 + Muskie, Edmund, 146 + Narcotics, 134 + New Zealand, 149 + Non-Preferential Framework Cooperation + Agreement (1980), 149 + Pacific basin community, 149 + Philippines base negotiations, 292 + Philippines, 146, 149 + Political dialogue, 149 + Pol Pot, 144, 146 + Preferential trading arrangements, + 149 + Private sector, 149 + Regional cooperation, 149 + Regional security, 149 + Secretary Vance trip to Bali (July + 1979), 134, 176 + Security assistance, 134 + Singapore, 146, 149, 200 + Soviet Union, 149 + Standing Committee, 149 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 144 + Thailand, 40, + 149, 162, 167, 171, 184, + 192 + Treaty of Cooperation in Southeast + Asia (1976), 149 + United Nations Conference on Trade and + Development, 149 + United Nations General Assembly, 70, 89, + 92, 94, 146, 167, 279 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 118, 134, 136 + United Nations, 149 + United States, relations with, 118, 149 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238, + 244, 254, 265, 268, 269 + U.S.-Burma relations, 191 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73, 98 + U.S.-China relations, 149 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 221 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 196 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 278 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 293, 332 + U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, 104, 107, + 118, 131, 149 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 197, 200, + 203, 222 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 175, 176, + 179, 188 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 102 + Vance, Cyrus, 216, 244 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 23, 34, + 39, 40, 60, 64, 70, 86, 98, + 99, 134, 149, 176, 188, + 210 + Vietnam, relations with, 118, 149 + + Australia (see also + U.S.-Australia relations): + Armed forces, 250, 268 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149, 240 + European Economic Community, 254, 260, + 265 + Indochinese refugees, 127 + Indonesia, diplomatic relations with, + 253 + Japan, diplomatic relations with, 231 + North-South issues, 259 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 228, 229 + Papua New Guinea, relations with, 231, 245 + Refugee parole program, 127 + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + Timor-Leste, 194 + + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty (ANZUS): + ANZUS Council Meeting (February 1980), + 271 + Cambodian relief, 267 + Carter, Jimmy and, 267, 271 + Comprehensive Test Ban, 267 + Decolonization, 267 + Indian Ocean demilitarization, 267 + Indochinese refugees, 137, 267 + Middle East, 267 + Mondale, Walter and, 255 + Olympic Games (1980), 271 + Papua New Guinea, 267 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 248, 255 + Vance, Cyrus and, 265, 267, 271 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 267, 277 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 267 + + + + Baucus, Max: + Trip to Thailand and Cambodia + (October–November 1979), 140, 179 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 67 + + Bell, Griffin, 130 + Blumenthal, Werner Michael, 131 + Boonchu Rojanasathien, 183 + Bourne, Peter, 106: + Narcotics, 155, 156 + + Brennan/Holmes report on Cambodian relief + (1979), 80 + Brezhnev, Leonid: + Carter correspondence, 66 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 44 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1979), 259 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 78, 175 + Vienna Summit (June 1979), 51, 52 + + Brown, Harold: + Foreign Military Sales, 135 + Fraser, Malcolm, meeting with, 237 + Kriangsak Chamanan, meeting with, 172 + Muldoon, Robert, meeting with, 248 + Prem Tinsulanonda, meeting with, 172 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 78 + U.S.-Australia relations, 237 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 78 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 248 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 298, 310, + 324, 327, 329 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 172 + Vance, Cyrus, correspondence with, + 327 + Vietnam-Thai relations, 172 + + Brzezinski, Zbigniew: + Abramowitz, Morton, meeting with, 177 + Arms sales, 215 + Cambodian relief, 76, 81 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 44, 45 + Foreign Military Sales, 135 + Indochinese refugees, 109, 112, + 113, 116, 119, 124 + Siddhi Savetsila, meeting with, 186, 192 + Southeast Asia, 135 + Talboys, Brian, 270 + Trip to China (May 1978), 169 + U.S.-Australia relations, 238, 271 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 61, 62, + 63, 78, 81 + U.S.-China relations, 192 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 227 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 248, 249, + 270 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 298, 305, + 313, 322 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 215 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 186, 192 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 18, 19 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 19 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 192 + + Burma: + Burma-Thailand relations, 150 + Burmese Communist Party, 151 + Chinese Irregular Forces, 151, 152, + 155 + Human rights, 150 + Narcotics, 151, 152, 155, 156, + 157 + Shan United Army, 151, 152, 155 + + + + Cambodia (see also + U.S.-Cambodia relations; Vietnam-Cambodia conflict): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 144, 146, 149, 277, 279 + Brennan/Holmes report on Cambodian + relief (1979), 80 + Cambodian genocide, 28 + Central Intelligence Agency, 76, 101 + China, relations with, 83 + China-Vietnam conflict, 43, 192 + Department of State, 29, 36, + 39, 77, 86, 94, 101, 193 + Famine relief, 60, 62, 65, 66, + 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 76, 79, + 81, 85, 87, 88, 177 + Food shortages, 56, 57, 61, 62, + 67, 71, 72, 74, 76, 80, 82, + 85, 175, 177 + Humanitarian assistance, 57, 61, + 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, + 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, + 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92, + 94, 96, 99, 140, 179, 184, 267 + Indochinese refugees, 56, 57, + 63, 74, 75, 78, 80, 87, 136, + 137, 142 + Kampuchean Emergency Group, 80 + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front, 96 + Khmer Rouge, 16, 29, 82, 86 + Military capabilities, 101 + Military strength, 101 + National Security Council, 82 + Pol Pot, 29, + 34, 55 + Population decline, 82 + Thailand, relations with, 83, 84, + 85, 86 + United Nations membership, 146, 222, + 277, 279 + U.S.-Australia relations, 277 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 279 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 72, 75 + + Cambodian relief: + Aaron memoranda, 66 + Brzezinski memoranda, 62, 63, + 81 + Defense Intelligence Agency views on, + 57 + Turner memoranda, 76 + United Nations Childrens Fund, 62, 63, + 67, 71, 72, 80, 84, 87, 88, + 91, 141, 142 + + Canada, 149 + Carter correspondence: + Brezhnev, Leonid, 66 + Devesi, Baddeley, 282 + Fraser, Malcolm, 228, 229, 239, 240, + 241, 242, 243, 247, 252, + 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, + 262, 263, 264, 272, 273, + 274, 275, 276 + Hussein bin Onn, 212, 213, 214 + Kalkoa, George, 290 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 162, 163, + 164, 166, 173, 174, 175, + 178, 179, 181 + Lee Kwan Yew, 201, 203, 210 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 295, 302, 303, 306, + 308, 317, 321, 323, 326, + 328, 331 + Muldoon, Robert, 251 + Ne Win, 156 + Norodom Sihanouk, 88 + Pham Van Dong, 8 + Prem Tinsulanonda, 190 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 8 + Souphanouvong, 8 + Suharto, 204, 211 + Teo, Fiatau Penitala, 285 + Wolff, Lester, 330 + + Carter, Jimmy (see + also + Carter correspondence; Carter meetings): + Agency for International Development, + 312 + ANZUS Council Meeting (February 1980), + 271 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, and, 267, 271 + Cambodian relief, 57, 62, 63, 66, + 88, 178, 179 + Cambodian seat in the United Nations, + 146 + China-Vietnam conflict, 41, 42 + Common fund, 131, 134, 213, 214, + 238 + Comprehensive Test Ban, 267 + Conference on International Economic + Cooperation (May–June 1977), 231 + Conventional Arms Transfer, 198, 250 + Defense budget, 269 + Energy policy, 204 + Famine relief, 61, 63, 88, 175 + Filipinization, 293, 296, 298, 299 + Foreign aid and assistance, 220 + Gilbert Islands, 281, 286, 287, 288 + Humanitarian assistance, 84, 85, + 117, 178, 179 + Human rights, 22, 107, 125, 206, + 244, 320 + Indochinese refugees, 110, 111, + 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, + 120, 121, 123, 125, 130, + 136, 137, 143, 169, 171, + 178, 179, 181 + International Nuclear Fuel Cycle + Evaluation meeting (October 1977), 243 + Iranian revolution (January + 1978–February 1979), 269 + Laos, 24, + 30 + Meeting with ASEAN Ministers (August + 4, 1978), 131 + Military assistance and sales, 135 + Narcotics, 155, 156, 167, 171 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + 275 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 228, 229 + Nuclear storage, 266 + Pacific Island refugee proposal, 143 + Philippines base negotiations, 291, 292, + 293, 295, 298, 299, 325 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 296 + Postponement of Muldoon 1977 visit, + 234, 235 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 4 + Presidential Review Committee, 313 + Presidential Review Memoranda, 291, 293 + Proposed U.S. troop withdrawal from + Korea, 238 + Refugee parole program, 123, 130, + 169 + Southeast Asia, 103, 104, 106, 129 + Southern Africa, 238 + South Pacific Forum, 249 + South Pacific Islands, 266, 281, + 283, 286, 287, 288 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 269, 270 + Suharto invitation, 226, 227 + Swing strategy, 332 + Timor-Leste, 218 + Tuvalu, 283, + 288 + United Nations Conference on Trade and + Development, 257 + United Nations, 200 + Uranium, 238 + U.S.-ASEAN relations, 131 + U.S.-Asian relations, 3, 332 + U.S.-Australia relations, 228, 229, + 231, 237, 238, 241, 243, + 246, 247, 252, 254, 256, + 257, 258, 259, 262, 263, + 269, 275 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73, 88 + U.S.-China relations, 231, 238, + 259 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 204, 226, + 227 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 195, 196 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 232, 234, + 248, 249, 251, 255, 270 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 293, 295, + 302, 305, 306, 308, 313, + 317, 323, 325, 326, 328, + 331 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 197, 198, + 199, 200, 201, 203, 215 + U.S.-Solomon Islands relations, 282, 284, + 288 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 162, 163, + 164, 166, 171, 172, 175, + 178, 179, 181, 190, 222 + U.S.-Tuvalu relations, 285 + U.S.-Vanuatan relations, 290 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 1, 3, + 18, 25, 102 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 52, 87, + 171 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 41, 263 + Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia + (December 1978), 171 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 192 + + Carter meetings: + Fraser, Malcolm, 238, 259, 269 + Hussein bin Onn, 195 + Inouye, Daniel, 324 + Kenilorea, Peter, 284 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 171, 263 + Lee Kwan Yew, 199, 209 + Marcos, Imelda, 305 + Muldoon, Robert, 249 + Peacock, Andrew, 259, 271 + + Carter, Rosalynn: + Cambodian relief, 71 + Kriangsak Chamanan, meeting with, 180 + Trip to Thailand (November 1979), 66, 69, + 71, 80, 179, 180, 181 + + Catholic Bishops Conference on the + Philippines, 319, 320 + Catholic Relief Services, 218 + Central Identification Laboratory: + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 8 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 12 + + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Cambodian relief, 74 + Cambodia, 76, + 101 + China-Soviet Union relations, 31, 132 + China-Vietnam conflict, 59 + Indochinese refugees, 56, 122, + 139, 142, 145 + Indonesia, 219, 224 + Intelligence Assessment prepared in, + 20, 56, 93, 142, 152, 183 + Intelligence Memorandum prepared in, + 16, 23, 31, 34, 55, 57, 77, + 118, 128, 132, 151, 202, + 245, 266, 294 + Interagency Intelligence Memorandum + prepared in, 31, 132, 294 + Malaysia, 194 + Narcotics, 151, 152 + Norodom Sihanouk, 77 + Nuclear weapons, 266 + Paper prepared in, 101, 122, 145, 149, + 194, 224 + Papua New Guinea, 245 + Philippines base negotiations, 294 + South Pacific, 266 + Suharto, 219 + Thailand, 183 + Timor-Leste, 202 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 16, 20, + 38, 77 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 219, 224 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 21, 55, + 59 + Vietnam-Laos relations, 93 + + Chhean Vam, 96 + China (see also + China-Vietnam conflict; U.S.-China relations): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Cambodia, relations with, 83 + Chinese Irregular Forces, 151, 152, + 155 + Indochinese refugees, 142 + Involvement with foreign communist + parties, 128 + Khmer Rouge, 77 + Norodom Sihanouk, 85, 86 + Overseas Chinese, 128 + Pol Pot, 77, + 132 + Southeast Asia, 73, 128 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 140 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 279 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 332 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 21, 23, + 29, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, + 41, 59, 60, 77, 128, 132, 267 + + China-Soviet Union relations: + Central Intelligence Agency, 31, 132 + China-Vietnam conflict, 43, 44 + Indochina, 31 + Malaysia, 196 + Southeast Asia, 128, 132 + + China-Vietnam conflict: + Blumenthal trip to China (February + 1979), 44, 45, 47 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 42, 43, 44 + Brzezinski memoranda, 41 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 42, 43, + 44, 45 + Cambodia, 43, + 192 + Carter statement to Brezhnev, 42 + China-Soviet Union relations, 43, 44 + Department of State, 41, 48 + Holbrooke, Richard, 42, 43, 44 + Kissinger, Henry, 43 + Lee Kwan Yew, 210 + Mondale, Walter, 42, 43, 44 + National Security Council, 42, 43, + 44 + Nixon, Richard, 43 + Oksenberg, Michel, 42, 43 + Southeast Asia, 40, 43 + Soviet Union, 42, 44, 192 + Special Coordination Committee, 43, 44, + 45, 47, 78 + Turner, Stansfield, 42, 43, 45, 47 + United Nations, 43, 44, 47 + U.S.-China relations, 43, 44, + 47, 64 + U.S. Congress, 43 + U.S. objectives, 44, 45 + Vance, Cyrus, 42, 43, 48 + + China-Vietnam relations: + Department of State, 54 + Intelligence community views, 54, 132 + Southeast Asia, 33, 34, 54, 128 + Soviet Union, 54 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 132 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 32, 34, + 37, 39, 40, 128, 132 + + Christian Social Revolution Force, 333 + Christopher, Warren, 231 + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Civil aviation, 332 + Clark Air Base, 293, 296, 297, 298 + Clark, Richard: + Kampuchea Working Group, 141 + U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, + 136, 137 + + Claytor, W. Graham, 78: + Fraser, Malcolm, meeting with, 268 + + Common fund: + Carter, Jimmy, 131, 134, 213, 214, + 238 + Hussein bin Onn, 212 + Suharto, 211 + U.S.-ASEAN relations, 131, 134, + 211 + U.S.-Australia relations, 238, 259 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 211 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 212, 213, + 214 + + Communiqué on Cambodia (1979), 144 + Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), 267 + Conference on International Economic + Cooperation (May–June 1977), 231 + Cooper, Richard, 17, + 223, 231, + 233, 238: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 197, 200, 241, 244, 302 + + Corner, Frank, 267 + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, 31: + Soviet Union-Vietnam relations, 39, 54, + 132 + + Council of the Intergovernmental Committee on + European Migration, 120 + CTB. See + Comprehensive Test Ban + + + Danforth, John, 67, + 68, 69: + Trip to Thailand and Cambodia + (October–November 1979), 140, 179 + + Defense Intelligence Agency, 43, 54, 294: + Cambodian relief, views on, 57 + Philippines, 334 + + Democratic Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Denend, Leslie, 70: + Interagency Task Force on Indochinese + Refugees, 114 + + Deng Xiaoping, 38, + 41, 44, 279: + Mondale China visit, 64 + Norodom Sihanouk, 83, 85 + North Korea, 259 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 38, 83, + 85, 171, 263 + + Department of Defense: + Cambodian relief, 57 + Indochinese refugees, 57 + Philippines base negotiations, 296, 297, + 298, 310, 327, 329 + U.S.-Australia relations, 250 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 297, 310, + 327, 329 + + Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: + Indochinese refugees, 110, 111, + 112, 113, 119, 120, 123, + 130, 136, 137 + + Department of State: + Cambodian relief, 61, 62, 65, 72, + 80 + Cambodia, 29, + 36, 39, 77, 86, 94, 101, 193 + China-Vietnam conflict, 41, 48 + China-Vietnam relations, 54 + Geneva Conference on Indochinese + Refugees (July 1979), 138 + Human rights, 125 + Indochina, 41 + Indochinese Foreign Ministers four + point proposal (1980), 94, 95, 97, + 98 + Indochinese refugees, 110, 111, + 112, 115, 119, 120, 121, + 133, 137, 138, 141, 143 + Kampuchea Working Group, 80, 130, + 141 + Laos, 24, + 30 + Philippines base negotiations, 296, 299 + South Pacific Islands, 286 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 79 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 72, 73, + 94 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 220, 225, + 226 + U.S.-Laos relations, 58 + U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, 103, 104, + 106 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 198 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 9, 18 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 6, 58, 89, 102 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 32, 38, + 70, 170, 193 + + Developed countries: + Organization of the Petroleum + Exporting Countries, relations with, 233 + + Devesi, Baddeley, 282 + Dhanabalan, Suppiah: + Indochinese refugees, 146 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 222 + + Diego Garcia: + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 268 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 248 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 200, 231, + 244 + + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 41, 42, 78, 231: + Nimetz, Matthew, meeting with, 72 + + + + East Asia, 35, 42, 58, 115, 154, 248, 269, 293: + Holbrooke memoranda, 105, 106 + + Economic sanctions: + Iran, 275, + 277 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 136 + + Edelman, Marian Wright, 8 + Eilberg, Joshua, 112: + Immigration legislation (H.R. 7175) + (1977), 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, + 123 + + Energy policy: + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 255 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 323 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + + Enrile, Juan Ponce, 106, 125, 307: + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 304, 335 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 300, 301, + 303, 304, 305, 314, 318, + 335 + + European Community, 236: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 129, 137, 149 + + European Economic Community, 62, 201, 231, 255: + Australia, 254, 260, 265 + U.S.-Australia relations, 260, 265 + + + + Family reunification: + Indochinese refugees, 35, 38, + 53, 134, 136, 138, 148 + + Famine relief, 24, + 56, 97: + Cambodia, 60, + 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, + 73, 76, 79, 81, 85, 87, 88, + 177 + Carter, Jimmy, 61, 63, 88, 175 + + Fiji, 143, 248: + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + + FMS. See + Foreign Military Sales + Foreign aid and assistance: + Southeast Asia, 220 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 107, 220, + 221 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 196 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 129, 167, + 171 + + Foreign Military Sales (FMS): + Brown, Harold, 135 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 135 + Lek Naeomali, 167, 171, 172 + Office of Management and Budget, 3, 135, + 215, 235 + Southeast Asia, 135 + U.S. Congress, 330 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 206 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 196 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 332 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167, 170, + 171, 172, 174, 190 + + Fraser, Malcolm: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 240, 241 + Brown, Harold, meeting with, 237 + Carter correspondence, 228, 229, + 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, + 247, 252, 256, 257, 258, + 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, + 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 + Carter meetings, 238, 259, 269 + Claytor, W. Graham, meeting with, 268 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 129, 254 + U.S.-Australia relations, 237, 238, + 239, 240, 242, 252, 254, + 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, + 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, + 268, 269, 272, 273, 274, + 275, 276 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 265 + Visit to the United States (January + 1–3, 1979), 259, 260 + Visit to the United States (January + 31, 1980), 269 + Visit to the United States (June + 1977), 232, 237, 238, 239, 252 + + FRETILIN. See + Revolutionary Movement for an Independent + East Timor + Fryer, Bennie, 12 + + + Garwood, Robert, 53 + Gates, Robert, 169 + GATT. See + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) + (GATT), 254: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + + Geneva Conference on Indochinese Refugees + (July 1979): + Department of State, 138 + United Nations, 138, 145 + + Geneva Conference on Kampuchea (1979), 89 + Gilbert Islands: + Brzezinski memoranda, 287 + U.S.-Australia relations, 288 + U.S.-United Kingdom relations, 281, 286, + 287 + + Gilligan, John, 24: + U.S.-Philippines relations, 312 + + Glenn, John, 43, + 49, 135, 185, 325, 332: + U.S.-Solomon Islands relations, 284 + + Golden Triangle, 150: + Narcotics, 152, 155 + + Gougelmann, Tucker, 8, 12 + Guam, 105, 248, 293: + Indochinese refugees, 130, 137, + 143 + + + + Habib, Philip, 17, + 107: + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 296 + U.S.-China relations, 200 + + Hartling, Poul, 118, 138: + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 33, 119, 120, 136, 137 + + Ha Van Lau, 33, 97: + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 68, 98 + McHenry, Donald, meeting with, 53, 94, + 95, 98 + Meeting with U.S. senators, 67, 140 + Negroponte, John, meeting with, 87, 89, + 94, 95 + Oakley, Robert, meeting with, 48, 49, + 53 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 68 + + Heng Samrin, 38, + 55, 59, 79, 98, 146, 176: + Cambodian relief, 56, 61, 66, 68, + 74, 80, 88, 99, 142, 180 + Norodom Sihanouk, 83, 85, 86 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 60, 61, + 62, 65, 70, 94, 95, 96, 134, + 140, 190, 193, 277 + + Holbrooke, Richard: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146, 244 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 44 + Enrile, Juan Ponce, meeting with, 304, 335 + Ha Van Lau, meeting with, 68, 98 + Kamphay Boupha, meeting with, 30 + Lee Kwan Yew, meeting with, 106, 200 + Marcos, Ferdinand, meeting with, 106, 300, + 301, 302 + Meeting with Vietnamese in New York + (September 30, 1977), 17, 18, 26, + 27, 33 + Mondale China visit, 64 + Ngo Dien, meeting with, 17 + Nguyen Co Thach, meeting with, 17, 26, + 64 + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 83, 86 + Peacock, Andrew, meeting with, 231 + Phan Hien, meeting with, 11, 12, + 13, 14, 15, 17, 64 + Philippines base negotiations, 304 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 296 + Suharto, meeting with, 106 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 278 + Timor-Leste, 218 + Trip to East Asia (April 1977), 106 + U.S.-Australia relations, 237, 238, + 254, 265, 267, 271 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 83, 99 + U.S.-China relations, 200, 231 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 220 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 216 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 300, 301, + 303, 304, 305, 309, 313, + 324, 335 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + representative of, 9, 10, 14, + 15, 18 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 25, 26, 27, 33, 64 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 98, 99 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 267 + + Humanitarian assistance: + Cambodia, 57, + 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, + 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, + 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, + 92, 94, 96, 99, 140, 179, 184, + 267 + Norodom Sihanouk, 84, 85 + Timor-Leste, 218 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72, + 80, 110 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 11 + + Human rights: + Armacost memoranda, 107 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 134 + Burma, 150 + Department of State, 125 + Indonesia, 106, 125 + Intelligence Memoranda, 16, 118 + Malaysia, 134, 195 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 107, 125, 129, 293, + 300, 309, 311, 319, 320, + 321, 322 + Mondale, Walter, 125 + Oksenberg memoranda, 22 + Philippines, 106, 125, 134, 293 + Singapore, 106, 134 + Southeast Asia, 106, 107, 134 + Thailand, 162, 163 + United Nations, 244 + U.S.-Australia relations, 244, 250 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 16, 22, + 28 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 129, 206, + 207, 225, 227 + U.S.-Laos relations, 30, 58 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 195 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 293, 304, + 305, 309, 311, 319, 320, + 322, 324 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 14 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 10 + + Hussein bin Onn: + Carter correspondence, 212, 213, + 214 + Carter meetings, 195 + Common fund, 212 + Malaysia, 194 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 223 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 196 + + + + IBRD. See + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development + IDCA. See + International Development Cooperation + Agency + India, 60, 197, 254, 259: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 70, 85, 149, 184, 201, + 221 + Soviet Union, relations with, 33, 54, + 332 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259, 263, + 268, 269 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 278, 279 + + Indian Ocean demilitarization: + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267 + U.S.-Australia relations, 230, 231, + 237, 238, 244, 250, 254, + 268, 269 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 248 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 238, 244 + + Indochina (see also + Indochinese refugees): + China-Soviet Union relations, 31 + Department of State, 41 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73 + + Indochinese refugees: + American Samoa, 143 + Armacost memoranda, 108 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 118, 134, 136, 137, 138, + 142, 144, 146, 216 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 137, 267 + Australia, 127 + Boat people, 110, 111, 115, 117, + 118, 119, 120, 121, 126, + 127, 133, 142, 144, 145, + 148, 153, 165 + Brennan/Holmes report on Cambodian + relief (1979), 80 + Brzezinski memoranda, 109, 112, + 113, 116, 119, 121, 123, + 124 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 109, 112, + 113, 116, 119, 124 + Budgets, 136, 137 + Cambodia, 56, + 57, 63, 74, 75, 78, 80, 87, + 136, 137, 142 + China, 142 + Clark memoranda, 136, 137 + Council of the Intergovernmental + Committee on European Migration, 120 + Decision Memoranda, 112 + Department of Defense, 57 + Department of Health, Education, and + Welfare, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, + 120, 123, 130, 136, 137 + Department of State, 110, 111, + 112, 115, 119, 120, 121, + 133, 137, 138, 141, 143 + Dhanabalan, Suppiah, 146 + Disillusionment with government, 46, 148 + Family reunification, 35, 38, + 53, 134, 136, 138, 148 + Geneva Conference on Indochinese + Refugees (July 1979), 138, 145 + Guam, 130, + 137, 143 + Holbrooke memoranda, 99 + Impact on U.S. economy, 115, 123 + Increased admission to U.S., 110, 111, + 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, + 124, 130, 136, 137, 138, + 180 + Indochina Migration and Refugee + Assistance Act (1975), 115, 120 + Indonesia, 118, 136, 142, 253 + Intelligence Assessment, 56, 142 + Intelligence collection, 139 + Intelligence Memoranda, 118 + Intelligence Paper, 122, 145 + Interagency Task Force on Indochinese + Refugees, 115 + International economic pressure, 136, 137, + 265 + Jakarta Conference (April 1979), 136, 137 + Japan, 80, + 108, 109, 110, 137, 138, + 142 + Joshua Eilberg legislation, 115, 117, + 119, 120, 123 + Kampuchea Working Group, 80, 130, + 141 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 142, 165, + 173 + Laem Sing Refugee Camp, 165 + Laos, 136, + 137, 142, 165 + Malaysia, 118, 126, 136, 142 + Marcos, Imelda, 142 + McIntyre, Jim, 130 + Mercy ship Cap Anamur, 147 + Micronesia, Federated States of, 143 + Mondale, Walter, 123, 124, 125, 126, + 127, 129, 130, 136, 165, + 217, 253 + Motivations for leaving, 148 + National Security Council, 108, 109, + 111, 114, 115 + New Zealand, 143, 249 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + 120 + Office of Management and Budget, 61, 62, + 63, 111, 112, 113, 117, + 120, 121, 123, 124, 137 + Orderly Departure Program, 87, 89, + 138, 142, 145 + Pacific Island refugee proposal, 143 + Philippines, 118, 142, 147 + Prem Tinsulanonda, 183 + Presidential Review Committee, 136 + Refugee camps, 142, 148, 153 + Refugee processing centers, 137, 138 + Resettlement program, 99, 110, + 111, 120, 123, 124, 130, + 136, 137, 143, 148 + Siddhi Savetsila, 169, 185 + Singapore, 118, 142, 146, 147, + 203 + Social services, 111, 112, 113, 115 + Songkhla Refugee Camp, 148, 153, + 165 + Southeast Asia, 53, 56, 64, 74, + 80, 99, 115, 122, 130, + 136, 137, 138, 142, 148 + Soviet Union, 137 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 90, 91, + 144, 278 + Thailand, 56, + 57, 71, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, + 85, 86, 111, 115, 117, + 118, 122, 124, 125, 126, + 136, 142, 144, 148, 162, + 163, 165, 167, 171, 173, + 176, 178, 179, 181 + Thatcher, Margaret, 136, 265 + Tokyo G-7 Summit (June 1979), 136, 137, + 138 + Trust Territory, 143 + Turner memoranda, 139 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 33, 35, 53, 64, 80, + 87, 110, 115, 116, 120, + 136, 137, 138, 147 + United Nations, 136, 137, 144 + U.S.-Australia relations, 253, 254, + 259, 265, 269 + U.S.-China relations, 136, 137 + U.S. Congress, 110, 115, 117, 120, + 121, 140 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 253 + U.S.-Japan relations, 108, 109 + U.S.-Laos relations, 155 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 195, 216, + 217 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 255, 278 + U.S. Parole Authority, 110, 111, + 112, 113, 115, 117, 119, + 123, 130, 169 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 115, 167, + 168, 169, 180 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 33, 35, 48, 53, 64 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 136 + Vance, Cyrus, 110, 130 + Vance memoranda, 110, 117, 130 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 177, 181 + Vietnam-Malaysia relations, 142 + Vietnam, 46, + 48, 53, 64, 74, 78, 136, 137, + 138, 142, 144, 145, 148 + Waldheim, Kurt, 136, 138, 144, 278 + + Indonesia (see also + U.S.-Indonesia relations): + Arms sales, 125 + Australia, diplomatic relations with, + 253 + Central Intelligence Agency, 219, 224 + Food shortages, 220 + Human rights, 106, 125 + Indochinese refugees, 118, 136, + 142, 253 + Land reform, 219 + Philippines base negotiations, 292 + Political prisoners, 106, 125, + 206, 208, 224 + Refugee camps, 142 + Timor-Leste, 194, 218 + + Inouye, Daniel, 221: + Carter meetings, 324 + + Interagency Group on Philippine Base + Negotiations, 293, 299, 307, 314 + Interagency Task Force on Indochinese + Refugees, 114, 115, 120 + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development (IBRD), 279: + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 279 + + International Committee of the Red Cross: + Cambodian relief, 81 + Humanitarian assistance, 61, 62, + 63, 67, 72, 74, 80 + Indochinese refugees, 80 + Timor-Leste, 218 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 62, 63, + 67, 72, 74, 80 + + International Development Cooperation Agency + (IDCA), 220 + International Monetary Fund: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 279 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200 + + International Sugar Agreement (1977), 254 + International Wheat Agreement (1979), 262 + Iran: + Economic sanctions, 275, 277 + Iran hostage crisis (November + 1979–January 1981), 332 + Iranian revolution (January + 1978–February 1979), 268, 269 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), 279 + U.S.-Australia relations, 254, 259 + + Islam: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 134, 149 + Philippines, 134, 305, 332 + Southeast Asia, 134 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270 + + + + Jackson, Robert, 123: + Cambodian relief, 80, 87, 99 + + Jakarta Conference (April 1979): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 134 + Indochinese refugees, 136, 137 + + Japan, 96, 99, 105: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 60, 104, 131, 136, 149 + Australia, diplomatic relations with, + 231 + East Asia relations, 104 + Indochinese refugees, 80, 108, + 109, 110, 137, 138, 142 + Thailand, relations with, 192 + U.S.-Australia relations, 238, 250, + 254, 259, 265, 268, 269 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 1, 2, + 3, 27, + 52, 102 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 44, 50, + 51, 86, 267 + + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Joint Casualty Resolution Center, 8 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 104, 225: + U.S.-Philippines relations, 297, 310 + + Jones, David, 43: + U.S.-Philippines relations, 329 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 78, 172 + + + + Kalkoa, George, 290 + Kamphay Boupha, 30 + Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Kampuchean National United Front for National + Salvation, 34, 38 + Kasem Chatikawanit: + Kriangsak Chamanan, 159 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 167 + + Kenilorea, Peter, 284 + Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF): + Cambodia, 96 + Military assistance, 96 + Norodom Sihanouk, 60, 77 + Thailand, 55 + United Nations, 96 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 55, 96 + + Khmer Rouge: + Cambodia, 16, + 29, 82, 86 + China, 77 + Norodom Sihanouk, 83, 86 + United Nations, 86, 96 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 29, 77, + 85, 99 + + Khmer Serei, 96: + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 77, 79, + 83 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 79, 87 + + Kim Il Sung, 83 + Kissinger, Henry, 14, 33, 83, + 106: + China-Vietnam conflict, 43 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 231, 238, + 293, 314 + + KPNLF. See + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front + Kriangsak Chamanan: + Brown, Harold, meeting with, 172 + Carter correspondence, 162, 163, + 164, 166, 173, 174, 175, + 178, 179, 181 + Carter meetings, 171, 263 + Carter, Rosalynn, meeting with, 180 + Indochinese refugees, 142, 165, + 173 + Kasem Chatikawanit, 159 + Military coup (October 20, 1977), 160, 161 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 167, 168 + Narcotics, 167 + Prem Tinsulanonda, 182, 183 + Resignation from office, 182 + Revolutionary Party, 160 + Royal Thai Army, 158 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 174 + Trip to United States (1979), 129, 170, + 171, 172 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 155, 159, + 170, 171, 172, 173, 181 + Whitehouse, Charles Sheldon, meeting + with, 159 + + + + Laos: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Department of State, 24, 30 + Economic aid, 30, 58 + Food shortages, 24 + Indochinese refugees, 136, 137, + 142, 165 + Public Law 480 (1954), 24 + U.S. Congress, 24 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 40, 59, + 93 + Vietnam, relations with, 93 + World Food Programme, 30 + + Laurel-Langley Agreement (1955), 293, 318 + Law of the sea, 149: + U.S.-Australia relations, 231 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 195 + + Lay Maung, 191 + Lee Kwan Yew: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 201, 209 + Carter correspondence, 201, 203, + 210 + Carter meetings, 199, 209 + China-Vietnam conflict, 210 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 106, 200 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 209 + U.S.-China relations, 200 + U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, 199, 200 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 198, 200, + 201 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 200 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 210 + Vietnam, 200 + + Lek Naeomali: + Foreign Military Sales, 167, 171, + 172 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 167 + + Leong, Paul, 223 + London Suppliers’ Group, 242, 244 + + + Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management + Act (1976), 255 + Mahathir bin Mohamed, 223 + Malaysia (see also + U.S.-Malaysia relations): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146, 149 + Central Intelligence Agency, 194 + China-Soviet Union relations, 196 + Domestic politics, 196 + Human rights, 134, 195 + Hussein bin Onn, 194 + Indochinese refugees, 118, 126, + 136, 142 + Private investment, 196 + Refugee camps, 142 + Security, 194 + + Manglapus, Raul, 332, 333 + Manila Pact (1954), 70: + U.S.-Thailand relations, 75, 78, + 102, 149, 167, 168, 171, + 176, 254 + + Manley, Michael, 254, 259 + Mansfield, Michael, 83, 259: + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 6, 8, 167 + + Marcos, Ferdinand: + Abuses against clergy, 320 + April 1978 Philippines elections, 316, 321 + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” meeting + with, 107 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 332 + Carter correspondence, 295, 302, + 303, 306, 308, 317, 321, + 323, 326, 328, 331 + Domestic politics, 293, 316 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 106, 300, + 301, 302 + Human rights, 107, 125, 129, 293, + 300, 309, 311, 319, 320, + 321, 322 + Martial law, 320, 321, 332 + Mondale, Walter, 316 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 129, 318 + Philippines base negotiations, 106, 107, + 129, 292, 293, 294, 296, + 300, 302, 303, 307, 311, + 314, 315, 318 + Political opposition, 333, 334 + Rusk, Dean, meeting with, 331, 332 + Succession, 335 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 295, 300, + 301, 302, 303, 306, 311, + 318, 321, 322, 331, 332, + 333 + Visit to the U.S. (April 1980), 331, 332 + + Marcos, Imelda: + Carter meetings, 305 + Indochinese refugees, 142 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 301, 303, + 304, 305, 335 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 304 + + Masters, Edward, 205, 221: + Timor-Leste, 218, 220 + + Mather, Paul, 87, + 89 + McHenry, Donald, 267: + Ha Van Lau, meeting with, 53, 94, + 95, 98 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 97, 98 + + McIntyre, Jim, 135: + Indochinese refugees, 130 + + Meat Import Act (1978), 129, 258 + Micronesia, Federated States of, 105: + Indochinese refugees, 143 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231 + + Middle East: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267 + United Nations, 279 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259, 267 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270, 279 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 209 + + Military Assistance Program: + U.S. Congress, 330 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 107, 293, + 298, 299, 313, 323, 330 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 154, 167 + + Mindanao Independence Movement, 107, 129, 231, 304, 305, 307, 319, 320 + MNLF. See + Moro National Liberation Front + under + Philippines + Mochtar Kusumaatmadja: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 221 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 146, 216 + + Mondale, Walter: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 209 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, and, 255 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 44 + Fraser, Malcolm, meeting with, 129, 254 + Geneva Conference on Indochinese + Refugees (July 1979), 217 + Human rights, 125 + Indochinese refugees, 123, 124, + 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, + 136, 165, 217, 253 + Kasem Chatikawanit, meeting with, 167 + Kriangsak Chamanan, meeting with, 167, 168 + Lee Kwan Yew, meeting with, 209 + Lek Naeomali, meeting with, 167 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 316 + Marcos, Ferdinand, meeting with, 129, 318 + Muldoon, Robert, meeting with, 129, 255 + Murdani, Leonardus Benjamin, meeting + with, 217 + Narcotics, 167 + Peacock, Andrew + correspondence with, 253 + meeting with, 254 + + Presidential Review Committee, 136 + Refugee parole program, 126, 127, + 165, 167 + Reuter, James, meeting with, 319 + Romulo, Carlos, meeting with, 318 + Rowling, Wallace, meeting with, 255 + Sin, Jaime, meeting with, 320 + Sit Sawettasila, meeting with, 167 + Suharto, meeting with, 129, 207 + Sunthorn Hongladarom, meeting with, + 167 + Trip to China (August 1979), 64 + Trip to Southeast Asia, Australia, and + New Zealand (April–May 1978), 124, + 125, 126, 127, 129, 164, + 166, 167, 168, 169, 205, + 206, 207, 208, 209, 251, + 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, + 257, 316, 317, 318, 319, + 320, 321, 322, 323 + Uppadit Pachariyangkun, meeting with, + 167 + U.S.-Australia relations, 252, 253, + 254 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 205, 206, + 207, 217 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 251, 255 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 316, 318, + 319, 320, 322 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 209 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 164, 165, + 166, 167, 168 + + Montgomery, Gillespie “Sonny,” 30, 49: + Mission to Hanoi, 25, 33 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, participant + in, 6, 8 + + Muldoon, Robert: + Brown, Harold, meeting with, 248 + Carter correspondence, 251 + Carter meetings, 249 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 129, 255 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 279 + Nuclear powered warship visits, 248, 266 + Postponement of 1977 visit to U.S., + 234 + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + Speech before the Auckland Division of + the New Zealand Institute of Management (April 19, 1977), + 233, 235, 236 + Trilateralism, 233 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 232, 233, + 234, 236, 248, 249, 251, + 255, 279 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 249 + Visit to Washington (November 8–11, + 1977), 248, 249, 251 + + Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 167, 196, 318: + U.S.-Australia relations, 129, 254, + 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, + 262 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 129, 255 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 203 + + Murdani, Leonardus Benjamin, 207, 292: + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 217 + + Muskie, Edmund: + ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting (June + 1980), 188 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146 + Cambodian seat in the United Nations, + 146 + Dhanabalan, Suppiah, meeting with, + 222 + Hussein bin Onn, meeting with, 223 + Lay Maung, meeting with, 191 + Mahathir bin Mohamed, meeting with, + 223 + Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, meeting with, + 221 + Muldoon, Robert, meeting with, 279 + Peacock, Andrew, meeting with, 277 + Rajaratnam, Sinnathamby, meeting with, + 146, 222 + Rithauddeen bin Ismail, Ahmad, meeting + with, 223 + Siddhi Savetsila, meeting with, 146, 184, + 185, 188 + Talboys, Brian, meeting with, 278 + Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, meeting with, + 223 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 278 + U.S.-Australia relations, 277 + U.S.-Burma relations, 191 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 221, 226 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 223 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 278, 279 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 222 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 184, 185, + 188 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 92 + + + + Narcotics: + Abramowitz, Morton, 171 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 134 + Bourne, Peter, 155, 156 + Burma, 151, + 152, 155, 156, 157 + Central Intelligence Agency, 151, 152 + Chinese Irregular Forces, 151, 152 + Golden Triangle, 152, 155 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 167 + Mondale, Walter, 167 + Shan United Army, 151, 152 + Southeast Asia, 152 + Thai-Burma border, 151, 152, 157 + Thailand, 151, 152, 155, 157, + 167, 171 + U.S.-Laos relations, 30, 155 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 195 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 152, 155, + 167 + + National League of Families of American + Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, 8 + National Security Council (NSC): + Cambodia, 82 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 44 + Indochinese refugees, 108, 109, + 111, 114, 115 + Meeting minutes, 42 + Philippines base negotiations, 296, 325 + South Pacific Islands, 281, 283, + 287 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 325 + U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, 105 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 169 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 100 + + NATO. See + North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + Nauru, 143: + Asian Development Bank, 289 + + Negroponte, John, 185, 188, 221, 222, 223: + Chhean Vam, meeting with, 96 + Ha Van Lau, meeting with, 87, 89, + 94, 95 + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 83, 84, + 85 + Son Sann, meeting with, 193 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 87, 89, + 94, 95, 97 + + Ne Win, 155, 156, 186 + Newsom, David, 217, + 279, 309: + Philippines base negotiations, 129, 197, + 304, 305, 311, 314 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 106, 107, + 225 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 196, 300, + 304, 306, 308, 311, 313, + 327 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 154 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 35 + + New Zealand (see also + U.S.-New Zealand relations): + Armed forces, 248 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + China, relations with, 249 + Indochinese refugees, 143, 249 + New Zealand-USSR fishing agreement, + 248 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 266 + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + Soviet Union, relations with, 249 + + Ngo Dien, 17 + Nguyen Co Thach, 17, + 67, 68, 146: + Abramowitz, Morton, meeting with, 64, 92 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 17, 26, + 64 + Siddhi Savetsila, 98, 185, 186 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 70, 92, + 94, 140, 277 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 18, 33 + + Nguyen Duy Trinh, 8, + 35: + Vance, Cyrus, correspondence with, + 4, 6, + 7 + + Nimetz, Matthew, 71: + Cambodian relief, 72 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 72 + + Nixon, Richard, 15, + 102, 105, + 167, 233, + 238, 269: + China-Vietnam conflict, 43 + + Norodom Sihanouk: + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” meeting + with, 85 + Cambodia-China relations, 83 + Cambodian relief, 84, 85 + Cambodia-Thai relations, 83, 84, + 85, 86 + Carter correspondence, 88 + China, 85, + 86 + Coalition government, 86 + Deng Xiaoping, 83, 85 + East Asia, 83 + Exile in France, 84 + Heng Samrin, 83, 85, 86 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 83, 86 + Humanitarian assistance, 84, 85 + International Conference on Cambodia, + 85, 86 + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front, 60, 77 + Khmer Rouge, 83, 86 + Kim Il Sung, 83 + Negroponte, John, meeting with, 83, 84, + 85 + Palmieri, Victor, meeting with, 84 + Pham Van Dong, 60, 83, 85 + Siddhi Savetsila, 186 + Son Sann, 77, + 83, 86, 146 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 60, 70, + 77, 83, 86, 88 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 86 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 37, 70, + 77, 83, 86 + Woodcock, Leonard, meeting with, 60 + + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), + 188, 223, + 265, 269, + 293: + Indochinese refugees, 120 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 275 + + North Korea, 1, 39, 77, 83, 293: + Deng Xiaoping, 259 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 259 + + Nouphan Sitphasay, 8 + NSC. See + National Security Council + Nuclear nonproliferation: + Australia, 228, 229 + New Zealand, 266 + U.S.-Australia relations, 228, 229, + 266 + + + + Oakley, Robert, 17, + 72, 87, 327: + Ha Van Lau, meeting with, 48, 49, + 53 + Indochinese refugees, 126, 127, + 134, 176, 218 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 33, 35, + 51, 53, 64 + + Office of Management and Budget: + Foreign Military Sales, 3, 135, + 215, 235 + Indochinese refugees, 61, 62, + 63, 111, 112, 113, 117, + 120, 121, 123, 124, 137 + Southeast Asia, 78, 135 + + Oksenberg, Michel, 27: + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43 + Memoranda, 22, 26, 51, 105 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 51 + + Olympic Games (1980): + Alternative sites, 273 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 271 + Boycott, 272, 273, 276, 331, + 332 + U.S.-Australia relations, 272, 273, + 276, 277 + + Orderly Departure Program: + Indochinese refugees, 87, 89, + 138, 142, 145 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 142 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 87, 89 + Vietnam, 145 + + Organization of the Petroleum Exporting + Countries, 106, 209: + Developed countries, relations with, + 233 + U.S.-Australia relations, 238 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 204, 220, + 224, 226 + + Osborne, David, 155 + Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 104, 107, 134, 167: + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200 + + Owen, Henry, 70, + 259: + Indochinese refugees, 66, 69, + 136 + Memoranda, 24, 136 + + + + Pakistan: + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 270 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259, 268, + 269 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 197 + + Palmieri, Victor, 71, 85: + Cambodian relief, 83, 84, 99, 185 + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 84 + + Papua New Guinea, 143, 149: + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267 + Australia, relations with, 231, 245 + Central Intelligence Agency, 245 + + Peacock, Andrew: + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267 + Carter meetings, 259, 271 + Conference on International Economic + Cooperation (May–June 1977), 231 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 231 + Mondale, Walter + correspondence with, 253 + meeting with, 254 + + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 277 + Trilateralism, 231 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238, + 244, 267, 269, 277 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 231, 244 + + Penn Nouth, 37 + Pham Van Dong, 12, + 13, 14, 33, 35, 40, 332: + Carter correspondence, 8 + Norodom Sihanouk, 60, 83, 85 + + Phan Hien: + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 11, 12, + 13, 14, 15, 17, 64 + Indochinese refugees, 33, 35 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 7, 11, + 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 35, 267 + Woodcock, Leonard, meeting with, 8 + + Philippines (see also + Philippines base negotiations; U.S.-Philippines relations): + April 6th Liberation Movement, 334 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146, 149 + Christian Social Revolution Force, + 333 + Communism, 335 + Defense Intelligence Agency, 334 + Election irregularities, 320 + Human rights, 106, 125, 134, 293 + Indochinese refugees, 118, 142, + 147 + Islam, 134, + 305, 332 + Mindanao Independence Movement, 107, 129, + 231, 304, 305, 307, 319, + 320 + Moro National Liberation Front, 332, 333 + New People’s Army, 304, 305, 332, 333, + 335 + Philippine Democratic Socialist Party, + 334 + Political opposition, 333, 334 + Political prisoners, 125, 134, + 320, 324 + Politico-military issues, 293, 333, + 335 + Refugee camps, 142 + Refugee processing centers, 332 + Soviet Union, 335 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 209 + + Philippines base negotiations: + Aaron memoranda, 325 + Agency for International Development, + 312 + Armacost memoranda, 314 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 292 + Brown memoranda, 298 + Carter, Jimmy, 291, 292, 293, 295, + 298, 299, 325 + Central Intelligence Agency, 294 + Department of Defense, 296, 297, + 298, 310, 327, 329 + Department of State, 296, 299 + Holbrooke, Richard, 304 + Indonesia, 292 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 106, 107, 129, 292, + 293, 294, 296, 300, 302, + 303, 307, 311, 314, 315, + 318 + Military balance, 292 + National Security Council, 296, 325 + Newsom, David, 129, 197, 304, 305, + 311, 314 + Presidential Review Committee, 313 + Presidential Review Memoranda, 291, 293 + Singapore, 292 + Southeast Asia, 104, 106, 107 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238, + 250, 259 + U.S. Congress, 293, 296, 330 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 106, 107, + 129, 291, 292, 293, 294, + 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, + 301, 303, 304, 305, 307, + 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, + 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, + 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, + 328, 329, 331 + U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, 104 + + Phoune Sipaseuth, 8 + Pinckney, Thomas, 87 + Policy Review Committee (PRC): + Meetings, 296 + + Political prisoners, 236: + Indonesia, 106, 125, 206, 208, + 224 + Philippines, 125, 134, 320, 324 + + Pol Pot: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 144, 146 + Cambodian famine, 82 + Cambodian genocide, 60 + Cambodian relief, 68 + Cambodia, 29, + 34, 55 + China, 77, + 132 + Siddhi Savetsila, 184, 185, 186 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 140 + U.S.-Australia relations, 277 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 60, 65 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 29, 34, + 37, 38, 39, 40, 55, 60, 70, + 77, 177 + Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia + (December 1978), 29 + + POW/MIA issue: + Armacost memoranda, 9 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 8 + U.S.-Laos relations, 8, 30 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 9, 10, + 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 1, 2, + 4, 5, + 8, 12, + 14, 15, 17, 25, 26, 53, 87, + 89, 98 + + PRC. See + Policy Review Committee + Prem Tinsulanonda: + Brown, Harold, meeting with, 172 + Carter correspondence, 190 + Indochinese refugees, 183 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 182, 183 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 171, 180, + 182, 190 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 183 + + Presidential Commission on Americans Missing + and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia: + Carter correspondence, 8 + Carter, Jimmy, 4 + Central Identification Laboratory, + 8 + Mission to Vietnam and Laos, 6, 7, 8 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 8 + Woodcock, Leonard role in, 6, 8, 11, 12, + 33 + + Presidential Review Committee: + Indochinese refugees, 136 + Meetings, 136, 225, 313 + Mondale, Walter, 136 + Philippines base negotiations, 313 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 225 + + Public Law 480 (1954): + Laos, 24 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 61, 62, + 63 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 220, 221, + 224 + + + + Rajaratnam, Sinnathamby: + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 146, 222 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 197 + + Refugee camps: + Indochinese refugees, 142, 148, + 153 + Indonesia, 142 + Malaysia, 142 + Philippines, 142 + Thailand, 71, + 80, 85, 88, 110, 122, 125, 142 + + Renouf, Alan, 231, + 241, 244, + 246: + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 230 + + Republic of Korea. See + South Korea + Reuter, James, 125, + 309: + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 319 + + Revolutionary Movement for an Independent + East Timor (FRETILIN, Frente Revolucionária de + Timor-Leste Independente), 202, + 218 + Richardson, Eliot, 225: + Law of the sea, 231 + + Rithauddeen bin Ismail, Ahmad: + Cambodian seat in the United Nations, + 146 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 223 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 216 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 146 + + Roberts, George, Jr., 58 + Romulo, Carlos: + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 318 + U.S.-ASEAN relations, 131 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 106, 231, + 293, 300, 301, 303, 304, + 314, 326 + + Rosenthal, James, 8 + Rowling, Wallace: + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 255 + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + + Roxas, Gerardo, 320 + Rusk, Dean: + Marcos, Ferdinand, meeting with, 331, 332 + Rusk-Thanat joint statement (1962), + 75, 167 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 331, 332 + + + + Samak Sundarawej, 158, 160 + Sasser, James: + New York talks with Vietnamese + (November 1979), 67 + Trip to Thailand and Cambodia + (October–November 1979), 65, 67, 68, + 69, 140, 179 + + SCC. See + Special Coordination + Committee + Selden, Armistead: + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 232, 248, + 249 + + Shan United Army (SUA), 151, 152, 155 + Siddhi Savetsila: + Aaron, David, meeting with, 169 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, meeting with, + 186, 192 + Cambodian relief, 184 + Indochinese refugees, 169, 185 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 146, 184, + 185, 188 + Nguyen Co Thach, 98, 185, 186 + Norodom Sihanouk, 186 + Pol Pot, 184, 185, 186 + Suharto, 186 + Trip to Washington (June 1980), 184, 185, + 186 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 188, 192 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 98, 146, + 184 + + Sieverts, Frank, 8, + 11, 12 + Singapore: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 146, 149, 200 + Foreign investments, 199 + Human rights, 106, 134 + Indochinese refugees, 118, 142, + 146, 147, 203 + Philippines base negotiations, 292 + Soviet Union, 199 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 146, 210 + + Sin, Jaime: + Catholic Bishops Conference on the + Philippines, participant in, 320 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 320 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 129, 332, + 333 + + Sit Sawettasila, 167 + Solomon Islands: + Carter, Jimmy, 282, 284, 288 + National independence, 282, 284 + + Son Sann: + Negroponte, John, meeting with, 193 + Norodom Sihanouk, 77, 83, 86, 146 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 55, 77, + 84, 85, 96, 183 + + Souphanouvong, 85: + Carter correspondence, 8 + + Southeast Asia: + Armacost memoranda, 105, 107 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 135 + China-ASEAN relations, 128 + China, 73, + 128 + China-Soviet Union relations, 128, 132 + China-Vietnam conflict, 40, 43 + China-Vietnam relations, 33, 34, + 54, 128 + Economic affairs, 104 + Foreign aid and assistance, 220 + Foreign Military Sales, 135 + Human rights, 106, 107, 134 + Indochinese refugees, 53, 56, + 64, 74, 80, 99, 115, 122, 130, + 136, 137, 138, 142, 148 + Intelligence Assessment, 128 + Intelligence Memoranda, 128 + Islam, 134 + Narcotics, 152 + Office of Management and Budget, 78, 135 + Oksenberg memoranda, 105 + Philippines base negotiations, 104, 106, + 107 + Post-Vietnam War era, 162 + Soviet Union, 132, 199 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 144 + United Nations, 94 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238, + 269 + U.S.-China relations, 105, 128 + U.S. defense facilities, 268 + U.S. policy, 94, 98, 103, 104, + 105, 107, 128 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 209 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 105 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 102 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 40, 94, + 95, 97, 128 + + South Korea, 83, + 199, 233, + 293, 303: + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 238, + 250, 259 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 171 + + South Pacific (see + also + South Pacific Islands): + Armacost memoranda, 281 + Central Intelligence Agency, 266 + Nuclear-free zone, 266 + South Pacific Forum, 249, 266 + Soviet Union, 249 + + South Pacific Islands: + Department of State, 286 + National Security Council, 281, 283, + 287 + United Kingdom, 281 + U.S. territorial claim, 281 + + Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan: + Carter, Jimmy, 269, 270 + Pakistan, 270 + U.S.-Australia relations, 268, 269 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 331, 332 + + Soviet Union (see also + U.S.-Soviet Union relations): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 44, + 192 + China-Vietnam relations, 54 + Council for Mutual Economic + Assistance, 39, 54, 132 + India, relations with, 33, 54, + 332 + Indochinese refugees, 137 + New Zealand, relations with, 249 + Philippines, 335 + Singapore, 199 + Southeast Asia, 132, 199 + South Pacific, 249 + U.S.-Australia relations, 265 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 221 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 332 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 51, 52 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 21, 23, + 30, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, + 70, 132, 278 + Vietnam, relations with, 33, 98 + + Special Coordination Committee (SCC): + Cambodian relief, 69 + China-Vietnam conflict, 43, 44, + 45, 47, 78 + Meetings, 43, + 44, 45, 47, 69, 75, 78, 189 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 75, 78 + Thailand, 189 + + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), + 66, 105, 134, 200, 209: + U.S.-Australia relations, 236, 244, + 250, 259, 269 + + SUA. See + Shan United Army + Subic Bay Naval Complex: + Military capabilities, 293, 296, + 297, 298 + + Suharto: + Carter correspondence, 204, 211 + Central Intelligence Agency, 219 + Common fund, 211 + Holbrooke, Richard, meeting with, 106 + Invitation to U.S., 226, 227 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 129, 207 + Siddhi Savetsila, 186 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 129, 224, + 225 + + Sunthorn Hongladarom, 167 + + + Taiwan, 33, 35, 43, 106, 195, 231, 254, 293, 297, 325: + U.S.-ASEAN relations, 149 + U.S.-Australia relations, 237, 238, + 244 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200, 209 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 158, 167, + 171, 172 + + Talboys, Brian: + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 270 + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 278 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 270, 271, + 278 + + Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, 223 + Teo, Fiatau Penitala, 285 + Thailand (see also + U.S.-Thailand relations): + Armacost memoranda, 158 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 40, 149, 162, 167, 171, + 184, 192 + Cambodian relief, 75, 80, 84, 175, + 177 + Cambodia, relations with, 83, 84, + 85, 86 + Central Intelligence Agency, 183 + China, relations with, 185, 186, + 188 + Chinese Irregular Forces, 151, 152 + Domestic politics, 158, 159, 160, 182, + 183 + Economy, 183 + Human rights, 162, 163 + Indochinese refugees, 56, 57, + 71, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 85, + 86, 111, 115, 117, 118, + 122, 124, 125, 126, 136, + 142, 144, 148, 162, 163, + 165, 167, 171, 173, 176, + 178, 179, 181 + Japan, relations with, 192 + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front, 55 + Military coup (October 20, 1977), 160 + Narcotics, 151, 152, 155, 157, + 167, 171 + Nong Chan Refugee Camp, 99 + Refugee camps, 71, 80, 85, 88, + 110, 122, 125, 142 + Revolutionary Party, 160, 161 + Royal Thai Army, 158, 161 + Shan United Army, 151, 152 + Special Coordination Committee, 189 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 80, 162, 165 + U.S.-ASEAN relations, 167 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 102 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 20, 23, + 29, 36, 38, 40, 65, 68, 70, + 75, 78, 79, 90, 91, 92, 95, + 98, 134, 140, 144, 167, + 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, + 175, 176, 177, 178, 183, + 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, + 278 + Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia + (December 1978), 170, 173 + Vietnam, relations with, 169 + + Thanin Kraivichien: + Military coup (October 20, 1977), 160 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 152, 155, + 158, 159, 196 + + Thatcher, Margaret, 269, 274: + Indochinese refugees, 136, 265 + + Timor-Leste: + Agency for International Development, + 218 + Australia, 194 + Catholic Relief Services, 218 + Central Intelligence Agency, 202 + Holbrooke, Richard, 218 + Humanitarian assistance, 218 + Indonesia, 194, 218 + International Committee of the Red + Cross, 218 + Origins of conflict, 218 + Revolutionary Movement for an + Independent East Timor, 202, 218 + U.S. Congress, 218 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 206, 218 + + Tokyo G-7 Summit (June 1979): + Indochinese refugees, 136, 137, + 138 + + Tran Quang Co, 33, + 35 + Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the + Soviet Union (1978), 31, 32: + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 33, 34, 35 + + Trilateralism: + Muldoon, Robert, 233 + Peacock, Andrew, 231 + + Tuchman, Jessica, 108: + Interagency Task Force on Indochinese + Refugees, 114 + + Turner, Stansfield: + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 45, 47 + + Tuvalu, 281: + Brzezinski memoranda, 283 + National independence, 285 + Treaty negotiations, 283, 288 + + + + UN. See + United Nations + UNGA. See + United Nations General + Assembly + UNICEF. See + United Nations Childrens + Fund + United Kingdom: + South Pacific Islands, 281 + U.S.-United Kingdom relations, 281, 286, + 287 + + United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF): + Cambodian relief, 62, 63, 67, 71, + 72, 80, 84, 87, 88, 91, 141, + 142 + + United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Carter, Jimmy, 257 + U.S.-Australia relations, 244, 254, + 256, 257 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 211 + + United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 1, 18, 95, 96, 244, 277: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 70, 89, 92, 94, 146, + 167, 279 + Resolution 34/22 on “Situation in + Kampuchea” (1979), 86, 89, 144 + Vance, Cyrus, 28 + + United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 118, 134, 136 + Hartling, Poul, 33, 119, 120, 136, + 137 + Humanitarian assistance, 62, 63, + 67, 71, 72, 80, 110 + Indochinese refugees, 33, 35, + 53, 64, 80, 87, 110, 115, 116, + 120, 136, 137, 138, 147 + Orderly Departure Program, 142 + Thailand, 80, + 162, 165 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 62, 63, + 67, 71, 72, 80 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 64, 87 + Vietnam, 138 + + United Nations (UN): + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + China-Vietnam conflict, 43, 44, + 47 + Geneva Conference on Indochinese + Refugees (July 1979), 138, 145 + Human rights, 244 + Indochinese refugees, 136, 137, + 144 + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front, 96 + Khmer Rouge, 86, 96 + Middle East, 279 + Pledging Conference for Emergency + Humanitarian Relief to the People of Kampuchea (November 5, + 1979), 67 + Southeast Asia, 94 + South Pacific nuclear free zone, 266 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 60, 83, + 96, 98, 146 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 279 + Vance, Cyrus, 28 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 86, 89, + 144, 264, 267 + + United States (see + also + U.S.-Australia relations; U.S.-Cambodia relations; U.S.-China relations; U.S.-Indonesia relations; U.S.-New Zealand relations; U.S.-Philippines relations; U.S.-Soviet Union relations; U.S.-Thailand relations; U.S.-Vietnam relations; U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization): + ANZUS ministers meetings, 267, 271 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 107, 131, 134, 149, 167, + 211 + U.S.-Burma relations, 150, 151, + 155, 156, 191 + U.S.-Japan relations, 108, 109 + U.S.-Laos relations, 8, 30, 58, 155 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 197, 198, + 199, 200, 201, 203, 209, + 215, 222 + U.S.-Solomon Islands relations, 282, 284 + U.S.-South Korea relations, 107 + U.S.-United Kingdom relations, 281, 286, + 287 + + Uppadit Pachariyangkun, 318: + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 167 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 176 + + USAID. See + Agency for International + Development + U.S.-Australia relations: + Africa, 231, + 238 + Arms sales, 237 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 231, 238, 244, 254, 265, + 268, 269 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 231, 238 + Beef imports, 260 + Bilateral defense consultations + (November 14–15, 1977), 250 + Cambodian seat in the United Nations, + 277 + Cambodia, 277 + Christopher, Warren, 231 + Common fund, 238, 259 + Commonwealth meetings, 238 + Defense cooperation, 268, 269 + Deng Xiaoping, 259 + Department of Defense, 250 + Diego Garcia, 231, 268 + Energy policy, 242, 254, 265 + European Economic Community, 260, 265 + European security, 269, 274, 275 + Fraser, Malcolm, 237, 238, 239, 240, + 242, 252, 254, 256, 257, + 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, + 263, 264, 265, 268, 269, + 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 + Gilbert Islands, 288 + Human rights, 244, 250 + Indian Ocean demilitarization, 230, 231, + 237, 238, 244, 250, 254, + 268, 269 + India, 259, + 263, 268, 269 + Indochinese refugees, 253, 254, + 259, 265, 269 + International Monetary Fund, 259 + International Nuclear Fuel Cycle + Evaluation meeting (October 1977), 243 + International Sugar Agreement (1977), + 254 + International Wheat Agreement (1979), + 262 + Iranian revolution (January + 1978–February 1979), 268, 269 + Iran, 254, + 259 + Japan, 238, + 250, 254, 259, 265, 268, + 269 + Law of the sea, 231 + London Suppliers’ Group, 242, 244 + Meat Import Act (1978), 129, 258 + Micronesia, Federated States of, 231 + Middle East, 259, 267 + Military assistance, 269 + Mondale memoranda, 129 + Mondale, Walter, 252, 253, 254 + Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 129, 254, + 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, + 262 + Muskie, Edmund, 277 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + 231, 275 + North Korea, 231, 259 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 228, 229, + 266 + Nuclear powered warship visits, 266 + Oil crisis, 265 + Olympic Games (1980), 272, 273, + 276, 277 + Organization of the Petroleum + Exporting Countries, 238 + Pakistan, 259, 268, 269 + Peacock, Andrew, 231, 238, 244, 267, + 269, 277 + Philippines base negotiations, 231, 238, + 250, 259 + Pine Gap, 231 + Pol Pot, 277 + Proposed U.S. troop withdrawal from + Korea, 231, 238, 241, 250 + Rhodesia, 238 + Security, 129, 231, 237, 250, + 274 + Southeast Asia, 231, 238, 269 + South Korea, 231, 238, 250, 259 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 268, 269 + Soviet Union, 265 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), 236, 244, 250, + 259, 269 + Taiwan, 237, + 238, 244 + Trade relations, 129, 254, 256, 258, + 259, 260, 262, 265 + United Nations Conference on Trade and + Development, 244, 254, 256, + 257 + Uranium, 238, 242, 243, 254 + U.S.-China relations, 231, 237, + 238, 244, 250, 254, 259, + 269 + U.S. Congress, 258 + U.S. defense facilities, 268 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 230, 231, + 250, 268 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 259 + Vance, Cyrus, 230, 231, 244, 265, + 267, 269, 271 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 261, 263, + 264, 265, 277 + Vietnam, 259, 265 + Western alliance, 274, 275 + + U.S.-Cambodia relations: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 73, 98 + Brown memoranda, 57 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 61, 62, + 63, 78, 81 + Carter, Jimmy, 73, 88 + Central Intelligence Agency, 16, 20, + 38, 77 + China, 73 + Department of State, 72, 73, + 94 + Heng Samrin, 60, 61, 62, 65, + 70, 94, 95, 96, 134, 140, 190, + 193, 277 + Human rights, 16, 22, 28 + Indochina, 73 + International Committee of the Red + Cross, 62, 63, 67, 72, 74, + 80 + Norodom Sihanouk, 60, 70, 77, 83, + 86, 88 + Oksenberg memoranda, 22 + Pol Pot, 60, + 65 + POW/MIA issue, 8 + Public Law 480 (1954), 61, 62, + 63 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 20, 68, + 70, 98 + Thailand, 73 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72, + 80 + United Nations, 60, 83, 96, 98, + 146 + U.S. Congress, 63, 65 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 97, 98 + Vance, Cyrus, 28, 68, 86 + Vietnam, 73 + World Food Programme, 62, 71, + 80 + + U.S.-China relations: + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 149 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 192 + China-Vietnam conflict, 43, 44, + 47, 64 + Habib, Philip, 200 + Holbrooke, Richard, 200, 231 + Indochinese refugees, 136, 137 + Lee Kwan Yew, 200 + Normalization, 167, 171, 195, 244, + 254, 259 + Southeast Asia, 105, 128 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 78 + U.S.-Australia relations, 231, 237, + 238, 244, 250, 254, 259, + 269 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 169 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 64, 128 + + U.S. Congress: + China-Vietnam conflict, 43 + Foreign Military Sales, 330 + Indochinese refugees, 110, 115, + 117, 120, 121, 140 + Laos, 24 + Military Assistance Program, 330 + Philippines base negotiations, 293, 296, + 330 + Timor-Leste, 218 + U.S.-Australia relations, 258 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 63, 65 + U.S.-Philippines Military Bases + Agreement (1947), 330 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 324, 330, + 332 + + U.S.-Indonesia relations: + Agency for International Development, + 220 + Arms sales, 129, 206, 207 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 221 + Brzezinski memoranda, 227 + Central Intelligence Agency, 219, 224 + Common fund, 211 + Department of State, 220, 225, + 226 + Deteriorating relations, 224, 225 + Energy policy, 207 + Foreign aid and assistance, 107, 220, + 221 + Foreign Military Sales, 206 + Holbrooke memoranda, 220 + Holbrooke, Richard, 220 + Human rights, 129, 206, 207, 225, + 227 + Indochinese refugees, 253 + Intelligence Paper, 224 + International Development Cooperation + Agency, 220 + Military assistance, 224 + Mondale memoranda, 129 + Mondale, Walter, 205, 206, 207, 217 + Muskie, Edmund, 221, 226 + Muskie memoranda, 226 + Organization of the Petroleum + Exporting Countries, 204, 220, 224, + 226 + Post-Vietnam War era, 220 + Presidential Review Committee, 225 + Public Law 480 (1954), 220, 221, + 224 + Rice sales, 221, 224 + Soviet Union, 221 + Suharto, 129, 224, 225 + Tax policy, 207 + Timor-Leste, 206, 218 + Transit, 221, 224, 225 + United Nations Conference on Trade and + Development, 211 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 221 + + U.S.-Malaysia relations: + Aircraft sales, 223 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 196 + Common fund, 212, 213, 214 + Economic affairs, 195 + Foreign aid and assistance, 196 + Foreign Military Sales, 196 + Holbrooke, Richard, 216 + Human rights, 195 + Indochinese refugees, 195, 216, + 217 + Law of the sea, 195 + Muskie, Edmund, 223 + Narcotics, 195 + Rubber, 213, + 214, 223 + Tin agreement, 146, 223 + Trade relations, 223 + U.S.-China normalization, 195 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 196 + Vance, Cyrus, 216 + World Bank, 223 + + U.S.-New Zealand relations: + Armacost memoranda, 235 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 278 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 248, 255 + Beef imports, 249, 255 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 270 + Brown, Harold, 248 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 248, 249, + 270 + Cambodian seat in the United Nations, + 279 + Cambodia, 279 + China, 279 + Diego Garcia, 248 + Energy policy, 255 + Fishing agreement, 255 + Indian Ocean demilitarization, 248 + India, 278, + 279 + Indochinese refugees, 255, 278 + International Monetary Fund, 279 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), 279 + Islam, 270 + Magnuson Fishery Conservation and + Management Act (1976), 255 + Meat Import Act (1978), 129 + Middle East, 270, 279 + Mondale memoranda, 129 + Mondale, Walter, 251, 255 + Muldoon, Robert, 232, 233, 234, 236, + 248, 249, 251, 255, 279 + Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 129, 255 + Muskie, Edmund, 278, 279 + New Zealand-USSR fishing agreement, + 248 + Nuclear powered warship visits, 232, 248, + 255, 266 + Security, 129 + Selden, Armistead, 232, 248, 249 + South Pacific Forum, 249 + South Pacific, 249, 255, 270 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 270 + Soviet Union, 270 + Talboys, Brian, 270, 271, 278 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 278 + Trade protectionism, 249, 255, + 270 + Trade relations, 129, 249, 255 + United Nations, 279 + Vance, Cyrus, 234, 235, 236, 248, + 249, 267 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 278 + Wool imports, 249 + + U.S.-Philippines relations, 332: + Aaron, David, 325 + Agency for International Development, + 298, 299, 312, 320 + April 1978 Philippines elections, 319 + Aquino, Benigno, 309, 311, 322, 333 + Armacost memoranda, 107 + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 314 + Arms sales, 305 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 293, 332 + Brown, Harold, 298, 310, 324, 327, + 329 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 298, 305, + 313, 322 + Catholic Bishops Conference on the + Philippines, 319 + China, 332 + Civil aviation, 332 + Communist insurgents, 304 + Department of Defense, 297, 310, + 327, 329 + Economic aid, 125 + Economic relations, 293, 318 + Energy policy, 323 + Enrile, Juan Ponce, 300, 301, + 303, 304, 305, 314, 318, + 335 + Family planning, 320 + Foreign Military Sales, 332 + Gilligan, John, 312 + Holbrooke, Richard, 300, 301, + 303, 304, 305, 309, 313, + 324, 335 + Human rights, 293, 304, 305, 309, + 311, 319, 320, 322, 324 + Iran hostage crisis (November + 1979–January 1981), 332 + Joint Chiefs of Staff, 297, 310 + Kissinger, Henry, 231, 238, 293, 314 + Laurel-Langley Agreement (1955), 293, 318 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 295, 300, 301, 302, + 303, 306, 311, 318, 321, + 322, 331, 332, 333 + Marcos, Imelda, 301, 303, 304, 305, + 335 + Martial law, 320, 321, 332, 335 + Military assistance, 304, 305, + 330 + Military Assistance Program, 107, 293, + 298, 299, 313, 323, 330 + Military bases, 293, 294, 296, 297, + 318 + Mondale memoranda, 129, 316 + Mondale, Walter, 316, 318, 319, 320, + 322 + Mutual Defense Treaty (1951), 293, 295, + 304, 305, 308, 332 + National Security Council, 325 + Olympic Games (1980), 331, 332 + Philippines base negotiations, 106, 107, + 129, 291, 292, 293, 294, + 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, + 301, 303, 304, 305, 307, + 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, + 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, + 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, + 328, 329, 331 + Romulo, Carlos, 106, 231, 293, 300, + 301, 303, 304, 314, 326 + Rusk, Dean, 331, 332 + Security relations, 107, 293, + 294, 296, 297, 299, 303, + 304, 310, 332 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 331, 332 + Soviet Union, 332 + Troop reduction, 293, 297, 299 + U.S. Congress, 324, 330, 332 + U.S.-Philippines Military Bases + Agreement (1947), 293, 310, 313, + 323, 326, 328, 329, 330, + 332 + Vance, Cyrus, 304, 313, 324, 327 + War Powers Resolution (1973), 296, 300, + 304 + Wolff, Lester, 304, 309, 330, 332 + + U.S.-Soviet Union relations: + Cambodian relief, 66 + Cambodia, 72, + 75 + Diego Garcia, 200, 231, 244 + Indian Ocean demilitarization, 238, 244 + Southeast Asia, 105 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 78 + U.S.-Australia relations, 230, 231, + 250, 268 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200, 222 + + U.S.-Thailand relations: + Aaron, David, 169 + Abramowitz, Morton, 167, 171, + 177, 180 + Aircraft sales, 167, 168, 171 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 175, 176, 179, 188 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 78, 175 + Brown, Harold, 172 + Brzezinski trip to China (May 1978), + 169 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 186, 192 + China, 167 + Energy policy, 167 + Foreign aid and assistance, 129, 167, + 171 + Foreign Military Sales, 167, 170, + 171, 172, 174, 190 + Holbrooke, Richard, 167 + Indochinese refugees, 115, 167, + 168, 169, 180 + Intelligence Assessment, 20 + Japan, 167 + Kriangsak Chamanan, 155, 159, + 170, 171, 172, 173, 181 + LANDSAT program, 167 + Manila Pact (1954), 75, 78, 102, 149, + 167, 168, 171, 176, 254 + Military assistance and sales, 172, 174, + 175, 189 + Military Assistance Program, 154, 167 + Mondale memoranda, 129 + Mondale, Walter, 164, 165, 166, 167, + 168 + Muskie, Edmund, 184, 185, 188 + Narcotics, 152, 155, 167 + National Security Council, 169 + Newsom, David, 154 + Prem Tinsulanonda, 171, 180, 182, 190 + Rusk-Thanat joint statement (1962), + 75, 167 + Security, 129, 167, 170, 171, + 174, 175, 179, 180, 185 + Siddhi Savetsila, 188, 192 + South Korea, 171 + Soviet Union, 167 + Taiwan, 158, + 167, 171, 172 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 20, 70, + 140, 174 + Thai-Cambodian border, 167, 171, + 173, 174, 178, 187 + Thai press, 168 + Thanin Kraivichien, 152, 155, + 158, 159, 196 + Tin, 167 + U.S.-China normalization, 167, 171 + U.S.-China relations, 169 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 196 + Vance, Cyrus, 176 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 175, 176, + 178, 180 + Vietnam, 167 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 173, 174, + 175, 176, 178, 180, 187, + 190 + Whitehouse, Charles Sheldon, 150, 154, + 159, 167 + Wolff, Lester, 163 + + U.S.-Vietnam relations: + Brzezinski memoranda, 52 + Department of State, 6, 58, 89, 102 + Economic sanctions, 136 + Geneva Conference on Kampuchea (1979), + 89 + Holbrooke, Richard, 98, 99 + Indochinese refugees, 136 + McHenry, Donald, 97, 98 + Muskie, Edmund, 92 + Negroponte, John, 87, 89, 94, 95, + 97 + Nixon administration, 14 + Orderly Departure Program, 87, 89 + Southeast Asia, 17, 97, 98, 99 + Soviet Union, 51, 52 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 68, 70, + 79, 98, 140 + U.S. Congress, 14, 17, 18 + Use of poison gas, 87, 89 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 11 + Vance, Cyrus, 49, 50, 51 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 23, 29, + 32, 33, 35, 68 + + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization: + Armacost memoranda, 2, 3, 9 + Arms sales, 33, 35 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 102 + Brzezinski memoranda, 18, 19, + 25 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 19 + China-Vietnam relations, 132 + Consular offices, 64 + Economic aid, 8, 9, 10, 15, 26, 33, + 58, 64 + Holbrooke, Richard, 25, 26, 27, 33, + 64 + Holbrooke-Thach meetings, 17 + Humanitarian assistance, 8, 27, 35 + Human rights, 10 + Indochinese refugees, 33, 35, + 48, 53, 64 + Oakley-Lau discussions, 48, 49, + 53 + Oksenberg memoranda, 26, 27, + 51 + Oksenberg, Michel, 51 + POW/MIA issue, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 14, 15, + 17, 25, 26, 53, 87, 89, 98 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 8 + Southeast Asia, 102 + Thailand, 102 + Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation + with the Soviet Union (1978), 33, + 34, 35 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 64, 87 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 97, 98 + U.S.-China relations, 64, 128 + U.S. presidential campaign (1976), + related to, 1 + U.S. Seventh Fleet, 64 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200, 209 + U.S.-Vietnam contacts, 5, 17, 25, 26, + 33, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, + 64, 97, 98, 102 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 7, 9, + 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, + 18, 19 + Vance memoranda, 10, 18, 50 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 35, 64, + 68, 267 + Vietnamese draft joint communiqué + (1977), 14, 15 + Vietnamese membership in the UN, 9 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 64, 68 + + + + Vance, Cyrus: + Asia Society speech (June 1977), 196, 199 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 216, 244 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, and, 265, 267, 271 + Brown, Harold, correspondence with, + 327 + Cambodian genocide, 28 + Cambodian relief, 68 + China-Vietnam conflict, 42, 43, + 48 + Fraser, Malcolm, meeting with, 265 + Ha Van Lau, meeting with, 68 + Hussein bin Onn, meeting with, 196 + Indochinese refugees, 110, 130 + Lee Kwan Yew, meeting with, 200 + Marcos, Imelda, meeting with, 304 + Muldoon, Robert, meeting with, 249 + Nguyen Duy Trinh, correspondence with, + 4, 6, + 7 + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 86 + Peacock, Andrew, meeting with, 231, 244 + Phoune Sipaseuth, correspondence with, + 8 + Pledging Conference for Emergency + Humanitarian Relief to the People of Kampuchea (November 5, + 1979), 67 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 296 + Proposal on Indochinese refugee + admission, 110, 111, 112, + 113, 119, 121 + Rajaratnam, Sinnathamby, meeting with, + 197 + Renouf, Alan, meeting with, 230 + Rithauddeen bin Ismail, Ahmad, meeting + with, 216 + Speech on human rights (April 30, + 1977), 107 + Trip to Asia and Australia (June–July + 1979), 265 + Trip to Bali (July 1979), 134 + United Nations General Assembly, 28 + United Nations, 28 + Uppadit Pachariyangkun, meeting with, + 176 + U.S.-Australia relations, 230, 231, + 244, 265, 267, 269, 271 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 28, 68, + 86 + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 216 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 234, 235, + 236, 248, 249, 267 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 304, 313, + 324, 327 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 200, 215 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 176 + U.S.-Vietnamese talks in Paris (1977), + 10, 18 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 10, 49, 50, 51 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 49, 50, + 51 + Zablocki, Clement, correspondence + with, 28 + + Vanuatu: + National independence, 290 + + Vietnam (see also + U.S.-Vietnam relations; U.S.-Vietnam relations + normalization; Vietnam-Cambodia + conflict): + Armed forces, 58, 70 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, relations with, 118, 149 + Cambodian relief, 56, 74, 76, 79, + 81, 88, 89, 92, 94, 142 + Economy, 46 + Ethnic Chinese refugees, 145, 148 + Indochinese Foreign Ministers four + point proposal (1980), 94, 95 + Indochinese refugees, 46, 48, + 53, 64, 74, 78, 136, 137, 138, + 142, 144, 145, 148 + Laos, relations with, 93 + Lee Kwan Yew, 200 + Orderly Departure Program, 145 + Soviet Union, relations with, 33, 98 + Thai-Cambodia border clashes, 90, 91, + 92, 95, 140, 278 + Thailand, relations with, 169 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 138 + United Nations, admission to, 1, 4 + U.S.-Australia relations, 259, 265 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 73 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 167 + Vietnam-Laos relations, 93 + Vietnam-Malaysia relations, 142 + + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict: + Abramowitz, Morton, 177 + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations, 23, 34, 39, 40, 60, + 64, 70, 86, 98, 99, 134, 149, + 176, 188, 210 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267, 277 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 192 + Central Intelligence Agency, 21, 55, + 59 + China, 21, + 23, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, + 40, 41, 59, 60, 77, 128, 132, + 267 + China-Vietnam relations, 32, 34, + 37, 39, 40, 128, 132 + Deng Xiaoping, 38, 83, 85, 171, + 263 + Department of State, 32, 38, + 70, 170, 193 + Holbrooke, Richard, 267 + Indochinese refugees, 177, 181 + Intelligence Paper, 101 + Japan, 44, + 50, 51, 86, 267 + Kampuchean National United Front for + National Salvation, 34, 38 + Khmer People’s National Liberation + Front, 55, 96 + Khmer Rouge, 29, 77, 85, 99 + Khmer self-determination, 97, 98 + Khmer Serei, 77, 79, 83 + Laos, 40, + 59, 93 + Lee Kwan Yew, 210 + Military campaign, 32, 34, 36, 37, + 38, 39, 59 + Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 146, 216 + National Security Council, 100 + Norodom Sihanouk, 37, 70, 77, 83, + 86 + Phan Hien, 35, 267 + Political solution, 77, 83, 84, 85, + 86, 89, 94, 95, 144, 146, 193 + Pol Pot, 29, + 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 55, 60, + 70, 77, 177 + Prem Tinsulanonda, 183 + Rithauddeen bin Ismail, Ahmad, 146 + Siddhi Savetsila, 98, 146, 184 + Singapore, 146, 210 + Son Sann, 55, + 77, 84, 85, 96, 183 + Southeast Asia, 40, 94, 95, 97, + 128 + Soviet Union, 21, 23, 30, 34, + 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 70, 132, + 278 + Soviet Union-Vietnam relations, 34, 37, + 39, 40, 132, 278 + Thailand, 20, + 23, 29, 36, 38, 40, 65, 68, + 70, 75, 78, 79, 90, 91, 92, + 95, 98, 134, 140, 144, + 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, + 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, + 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, + 188, 278 + United Nations, 86, 89, 144, 264, + 267 + U.S.-Australia relations, 261, 263, + 264, 265, 277 + U.S.-New Zealand relations, 278 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 175, 176, + 178, 180 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 35, 64, 68, 267 + U.S.-Vietnam relations, 23, 29, + 32, 33, 35, 68 + Vientiane Communiqué (), 98 + Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia + (December 1978), 170, 173 + Vietnamese withdrawal, 97, 98 + Vietnam-Thai conflict, 177, 178, + 184, 185, 187, 190 + + Vietnam-Thai conflict: + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty, 267 + Khmer Serei, 79, 87 + U.S. assistance, 187 + U.S.-Indonesia relations, 221 + U.S.-Singapore relations, 222 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 173, 174, + 175, 176, 178, 180, 187, + 190 + U.S.-Vietnam relations normalization, + 64, 68 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 177, 178, + 184, 185, 187, 190 + + Vu Hoang, 8, 14: + Indochinese refugees, and, 35, 53 + + + + Waldheim, Kurt, 17, + 33, 35, 53, 67: + Geneva Conference on Indochinese + Refugees (July 1979), 138 + Indochinese refugees, 136, 138, + 144, 278 + + Warnke, Paul: + Indian Ocean demilitarization, 238 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1979), 244 + + War Powers Resolution (1973), 296, 300, 304 + Whitehouse, Charles Sheldon: + Kriangsak Chamanan, meeting with, 159 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 150, 154, + 159, 167 + + Wolff, Lester, 43, + 49, 53, 87, 106: + Nixon, Richard, correspondence with, + 14 + U.S.-Philippines relations, 304, 309, + 330, 332 + U.S.-Thailand relations, 163 + + Woodcock, Leonard, 13, 44, 83: + Norodom Sihanouk, meeting with, 60 + Phan Hien, meeting with, 8 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, role in, 6, 8, 11, 12, + 33 + + World Bank, 137, + 171, 220, + 263: + U.S.-Malaysia relations, 223 + + World Food Programme: + Cambodian relief, 71, 80, 81 + Laos, 30 + U.S.-Cambodia relations, 62, 71, + 80 + + + + Yost, Charles, 6: + Mission to Hanoi, 2, 3 + Presidential Commission on Americans + Missing and Unaccounted For in Southeast Asia, 8 + + + + Zablocki, Clement, 43, 63, 78, 332: + Vance, Cyrus, correspondence with, + 28 + + + + +
diff --git a/volumes/frus1977-80v23.xml b/volumes/frus1977-80v23.xml index d3aab076a..6d9268172 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1977-80v23.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1977-80v23.xml @@ -65177,5 +65177,8806 @@
+ +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + + Aaron, David, 52, + 104, 153, + 229, 284, + 348: + Memorandum prepared by, 37, 126, + 230 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 67, 89, + 371, 379 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 29, 38, 87, + 90, 102, 110, 118, 205, + 212, 319, 324 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, and, + 247, 262 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 33, 36, + 39, 40, 48, 90, 102, 109, 114, + 115, 119, 121, 314 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 184, 202, + 203, 210 + + Abrahantes, Jose, 84 + ACDA. See + Arms Control and Disarmament + Agency + Adams, Jon Michael Geoffrey Manningham “Tom,” + 306, 311, + 323, 358, + 375: + Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 333 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 305, 307, + 368 + + Adderley, Paul, 247, 251, 262, 263 + Aerial reconnaissance. See + Overflight + under + U.S.-Cuba relations + Afghanistan, 85, + 119, 324 + AFL-CIO. See + American Federation of Labor and Congress + of Industrial Organizations + Africa, 44, 79, 108, 156, 184, 301, 333: + Castro, Fidel views on, 24, 28, + 30, 41 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations and, 28, 30, + 32, 53, 57, 140, 165 + + Agency for International Development (USAID), + 6, 152, 205, 298, 304, 319, 326, 379: + Caribbean policy, role in, 78, 299, + 307, 308, 352, 354, 357, + 358, 360, 372 + Development aid, 277 + Dominican Republic, and, 235, 239 + Foreign aid, 303, 347, 363 + Grenada, and, 319, 326 + Guyana, and, 272, 286, 296 + Haiti, and, 241, 244, 249, 250, + 252, 257, 270, 271 + Jamaica, and, 175, 176, 177, 180, + 184, 196, 210, 215 + + Alaska, 151, 155, 157 + Albright, Madeleine, 61 + Algeria, 151, 186 + Allende, Salvador, 219 + Allen, Lew, Jr., 74 + Alliance for Progress (1961), 131, 220, 308, 350, 378 + Aluminum, 189, 334, 335, 336, 340, 342: + Aluminum Company of America, 344 + Revere Alumina, 175, 176, 184 + + American Convention on Human Rights (1969), + 139, 219, + 246 + American Federation of Labor and Congress of + Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 368 + Andre, Antonio, 255 + Angola, 4, 15, 44, 74, 181, 335: + Cuba, relations with, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, + 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, + 31, 32, 33, 37, 58, 80, 84, + 156, 200, 319 + Namibia and, 37 + National Union for the Total + Independence of Angola, 23, 29, 85, + 86 + People’s Movement for the Liberation + of Angola, 17, 85, 86, 275 + South Africa and, 3, 22, 31, 41, + 80, 86, 275 + + Anillo, René, 31 + Antigua and Barbuda, 272, 301, 310, 311, 358, 359, 368, 377: + U.S. military bases, location of, 106, 308, + 355, 364 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 300, 309, 349 + + Arab League, 301 + Arellano, Richard, 188, 337 + Argentina, 38, 73, 131, 156, 174, 239, 270 + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 152 + Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), + 6, 87, 375 + Armstrong, Frances, 301 + Arron, Henck A. E., 334, 339, 343: + Christopher, Warren, meeting with, + 340 + Hewitt, Ashley, meeting with, 340 + U.S.-Suriname relations, and, 338, 342 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 335 + + ASEAN. See + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + Askew, Reubin O’Donovan, 15, 157, 164, 168 + Association of Southeast Asian Nations + (ASEAN), 116, 118, 156, 200, 216 + Attwood, William Hollingsworth, 80 + Austin, Leo, 303 + Austin, Paul, 123 + Australia, 156 + Austria, 341 + Axelrod, Philip, 218, 222, 225 + + Bahamas, The, 267, + 268, 269, + 308, 346, + 358, 366 + (see also + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations): + Cuba, relations with, 247, 251, + 262, 263 + Economic stability, 251 + Foreign investments, and, 247, 251 + Human rights, and, 247 + Narcotics control, and, 251, 259 + Tourism, and, 247, 251 + U.S. military bases, location of, 247, 251, + 262, 263, 364 + + Baker, Richard, 60 + Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín, 217, 227, 228, 230, 235: + Carter, Jimmy + correspondence with, 232 + meeting with, 219 + + Dominican military, relations with, + 222, 224, 225, 226, 229, + 231, 234 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 16, 218, 220, 236 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 218, 219 + + Balance of payments, 78, 358, 365, 376: + Barbados and, 307 + Cuba and, 12 + Jamaica and, 175, 180, 182, 183, + 184, 185, 216, 336, 349, + 354 + Mexico and, 130, 150, 157 + + Barbados, 184, 262, 275, 313, 314, 332, 336 (see also + U.S.-Barbados relations): + Balance of payments, and, 307 + Cuba, relations with, 327 + Economic aid, recipient of, 298, 302, + 303, 305, 319, 333, 358 + Military assistance, recipient of, + 333, 365 + Tourism, and, 333 + United Kingdom, relations with, 302, 305, + 307, 333, 366 + U.S. military bases, location of, 306, 307, + 308, 311, 318, 323, 327, + 349, 362, 364, 378 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 309, 355 + + Barneby, Malcolm, 227 + Barnes, Marsha, 213 + Baron, Frederick, 11 + Barre, Mohamed Siad, 86 + Barrow, Errol, 306 + Barry, Robert, 61 + Bartholomew, Reginald, 38, 346 + Bass, Kenneth, 212 + Batista, Fulgencio, 84 + Bauxite, 80, 181, 189, 216, 260, 268, 348: + International Bauxite Association, + 335 + Suriname, and, 334, 335, 340 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, impact on, + 175, 176, 184, 186, 200, + 348 + + Bayard, Henri, 244, + 245, 270 + Beckham, Robert, 257, 258, 261 + Belgium, 32, 213, 270 + Belize, 278, 341, 351, 353: + Belize independence, 184 + Guatemala, relations with, 175, 184, + 307, 336 + + Bell, Griffin, 8, + 11, 33, 39, 348 + Benes, Bernardo, 47, + 84 + Bennet, Douglas, Jr., 289, 294 + Benson, Lucy Wilson, 180 + Bentsen, Lloyd Millard, 135, 145 + Bergesen, Alf, 265, + 269, 270 + Bergsten, C. Fred, 19, 21, 150, 152, 155 + Bermuda, 247 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 61, 63 + Binder, David, 4, + 72, 275 + Bingham, Jonathan Brewster, 3, 15, 44 + Bishop, Maurice, 200, 316, 318, 328, 332, 361, 368: + Cuba, relations with, 86, 197, + 200, 315 + Gairy, Eric and, 313, 316, 317 + New Jewel Movement, and, 51, 313 + Ortiz, Francis, meeting with, 313, 314, + 317 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 189, 314, + 319, 323, 360, 367, 371 + + Blacken, John Dale, 273, 276, 305: + People’s Temple of the Disciples of + Christ, report on, 280, 295 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 274, 278 + + Blackwill, Robert, 209, 366 + Bluhdorn, Charles, 16, 200 + Blumenthal, Werner Michael, 19, 21, 132, 155, 179, 351 + Bolivia, 123, 172, 184, 360 + Bosch Gavino, Juan, 219 + Bourne, Peter, 49, + 136 + Bouterse, Dési, 345 + Bova, Michele, 281 + Bowdler, William, 100, 198, 209, 331, 333, 345: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 213, 344 + Caribbean policy, and, 324, 328 + Lopez Portillo, Jose, meeting with, + 114, 172 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 379 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 89, 115 + U.S.-Central America relations, and, + 367, 368 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 108, 262 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 266, 270 + + Bowie, Robert, 36, + 38 + Bray, Charles, 106, + 217, 241 + Brazil, 38, 73, 172, 237, 262, 272, 341, 364: + Guyana, relations with, 296 + Nuclear fuel reprocessing, 131 + Suriname, relations with, 335, 338, + 342, 343 + + Brement, Marshall, 55, 61, 67, 73, 87, 370 + Bremer, L. Paul, III (Jerry), 60, 63 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 50, 55 + Bridges, Peter, 160 + Brown, Bob, 293 + Brown, Frederick, 274 + Brown, George, 8 + Brown, Harold, 36, + 40, 78, 79, 112, 262, 333, 373: + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, correspondence + with, 364 + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 76 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 67 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 8, 29, 38, + 55, 87, 199 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 116 + Vance, Cyrus, correspondence with, + 154 + + Brown, Richard, 318 + Bruma, Eddy, 334, + 339, 343, + 344 + Brutus, Edner, 244, + 245, 249, + 252: + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 246 + + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 10, 30, 73, 86, 108, 121, 132, 162, 167, 174, 191, 201, 202, 211, 239, 262, 321: + Brown, Harold, correspondence with, + 364 + Caribbean policy, and, 376 + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 11, 20, 43, 53, 68, 78, 79, + 85, 93, 94, 96, 102, 104, 109, + 116, 120, 135, 145, 207, + 214, 263, 313, 319, 348, + 353, 367, 369, 374, 377 + Memorandum prepared by, 11, 20, + 40, 43, 53, 57, 68, 78, 79, + 85, 93, 94, 96, 98, 102, 104, + 109, 120, 135, 145, 193, + 195, 196, 207, 214, 263, + 313, 319, 320, 348, 351, + 353, 367, 369, 372, 374, + 377 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 19, 67, + 87, 92, 152, 155 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 38, 55, 61, + 110, 118, 212, 324 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 333 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 2, 33, 46, 72, + 80, 81, 84, 105, 106, 111, 113 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 219 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 304, 326 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 281, 284 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 179, 184, + 199, 203 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 130, 131, + 133, 144, 146, 156, 157, + 164, 165 + + Bulgaria, 156 + Burke, John, 283, + 293, 295, + 315, 319, + 358: + Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson, + meeting with, 286 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 285, 287, + 288, 296 + + Burnett-Alleyne, Sydney, 311 + Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson, 197, 290, 291, 295, 319, 342, 358, 367, 368: + Burke, John, meeting with, 286 + Cuba, relations with, 272, 278, + 323 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 273, 274, + 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, + 284, 285, 360 + + Bushnell, John, 270, 283, 290: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 356 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 110, 205 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 264 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 210 + U.S.-Suriname relations, and, 342 + + Byrd Amendment (1971), 175 + Byrd, Robert, 67, + 74, 78, 79 + + CAB. See + Civil Aviation Board + Califano, Joseph Anthony, Jr., 33 + Cambodia, 85, 86, 200, 268 + Canada, 81, 148, 181, 247, 251, 252, 254, 341: + Caribbean, role in, 205, 216, + 257, 305, 313, 315, 316, + 318, 319, 333, 336, 347, + 350, 355, 361, 366, 368, + 375, 376, 379 + Cuba, relations with, 3, 32 + Mexico, relations with, 171 + Natural gas negotiations (1979), + impact on, 149, 150, 151, + 157, 161 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 8, 11 + Western Hemisphere, role in, 131, 262, + 301, 349, 351, 353, 364 + + Carazo Odio, Rodrigo, 90, 102, 164, 228, 229 + Caribbean: + Canada role in, 205, 216, 257, 305, + 313, 315, 316, 318, 319, + 333, 336, 347, 350, 355, + 361, 366, 368, 375, 376, + 379 + Caribbean Basin, 262, 263, 358, 369, + 378 + Costa Rica role in, 262, 351, + 353 + Cuba role in, 80, 278, 307, 323, + 327, 335, 348, 355, 359, + 360, 361, 363, 365, 367, + 368, 370, 372, 374, 377, + 379 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations impact on, + 51, 142, 190, 195, 196, + 197, 202, 263, 368, 370, + 371 + Development aid, and, 182, 183, + 240, 246, 296, 303, 348, + 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, + 358, 360, 361, 363, 365, + 368, 369, 372, 376, 377 + Economic Support Fund, and, 78, 365 + France role in, 309, 310, 311, 348, + 351, 353, 358, 361, 368, + 370 + Grenada role in, 367, 373, 377 + Guyana role in, 60, 347, 351, 355, + 358, 367 + Haiti role in, 358, 367 + Mexico and, 175, 323, 336, 348, + 351, 353, 358, 368 + Organization of American States role + in, 172, 175, 215, 228, 299, + 310 + Private investment, recipient of, 358, 372, + 377 + Security assistance, and, 104, 375, + 378, 379 + Soviet Union role in, 8, 131, + 278, 296, 305, 307, 315, + 348, 355 + Trinidad and Tobago role in, 197, 311, + 318, 319, 351, 364, 367 + United Kingdom role in, 78, 207, + 209, 212, 262, 278, 314, + 318, 319, 324, 348, 349, + 350, 351, 353, 354, 355, + 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, + 368, 373, 374, 375, 376, + 379 + United Nations and, 156, 301, + 318, 341, 379 + United States role in, 268, 278, + 284, 285, 298, 335, 349, + 350, 353, 356, 357, 362, + 363, 365 + + Caribbean Community and Common Market + (CARICOM), 184, 200, 317, 318, 335, 347, 360, 361, 376: + Economic development, role in, 296, 333, + 336, 358 + Free elections, and, 313, 315 + + Caribbean Consultative Group, 220, 235, 349, 352 + Caribbean Development Bank, 336, 347, 349, 351, 361: + Carter administration (1977–1981) + contribution to, 299, 303, 323, + 332, 333, 365, 378 + Grenada and, 301, 314, 326, 332 + Regional cooperation, 348, 353, + 356 + + Caribbean Development Facility, 210, 356, 357, 358, 361, 376 + Caribbean Group for Cooperation in Economic + Development, 192, 210, 240, 309, 327, 366, 372: + United States participant in, 341, 354, + 358, 367, 376 + World Bank and, 182, 183, 318, 356, + 357, 374, 377 + + Caribbean policy: + Agency for International Development + role in, 78, 299, 307, 308, 352, + 354, 357, 358, 360, 372 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 16, 51, 55, 74, 76, 81, 86, + 119, 122, 174, 183, 189, + 190, 191, 199, 200, 220, + 239, 246, 251, 262, 263, + 268, 272, 273, 278, 284, + 285, 296, 298, 299, 303, + 305, 307, 308, 309, 310, + 311, 313, 315, 317, 318, + 319, 323, 325, 326, 327, + 328, 332, 333, 335, 336, + 337, 338, 341, 342, 347, + 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, + 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, + 358, 361, 362, 363, 364, + 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, + 373, 374, 375, 376, 377 + Castro, Fidel and, 127, 185, 200, 262, + 278, 327 + Central America related to, 122, 357, + 358, 365 + Central Intelligence Agency and, 319, 331, + 360, 370, 371, 379 + Department of Defense and, 78, 81, + 319, 346, 364, 371, 373, + 375, 379 + Department of State, 190, 205, + 301, 308, 319, 326, 345, + 347, 353, 354, 355, 357, + 361, 368, 369, 373, 374, + 378, 379 + Department of the Treasury and, 353 + Economic aid, 298, 304, 307, 319, + 326, 341, 351, 352, 354, + 355, 358, 360, 363, 368, + 371, 372, 379 + Export-Import Bank of the United + States and, 358, 378 + Foreign Military Sales, 318, 319, + 332, 333, 365, 374, 379 + International military education and + training role in, 78, 319, 365, + 379 + Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 55, 67, + 78, 313 + Manley, Michael and, 156, 191, + 323, 358, 367 + Military assistance and sales, 355, 365, + 366, 374, 375 + National Security Council and, 122, 174, + 191, 239, 284, 285, 313, + 318, 346, 348, 350, 351, + 353, 362, 363, 366, 370, + 373, 375, 378 + People-to-people contacts, 369, 374 + Perez, Carlos Andres and, 156, 184, + 228, 229, 353 + Policy Review Committee and, 332 + Regional cooperation, 358, 374, + 376, 377, 378, 379 + Sugar and, 341, 348, 354, 367, + 368 + U.S. Congress role in, 303, 340, + 348, 368, 378, 379 + Vance, Cyrus and, 323, 361, 368 + + CARICOM. See + Caribbean Community and Common + Market + Carlucci, Frank, 84, + 163, 368: + Lopez Portillo, Jose, meeting with, + 170 + Memorandum prepared by, 328, 331 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 371 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 29, 55, 61, + 205, 212, 324 + + Carter administration (1977–1981): + Caribbean Development Bank, + contribution to, 299, 303, 323, + 332, 333, 365, 378 + Caribbean policy, and, 16, 51, + 55, 74, 76, 81, 86, 119, 122, + 174, 183, 189, 190, 191, + 199, 200, 220, 239, 246, + 251, 262, 263, 268, 272, + 273, 278, 284, 285, 296, + 298, 299, 303, 305, 307, + 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, + 315, 317, 318, 319, 323, + 325, 326, 327, 328, 332, + 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, + 341, 342, 347, 348, 349, + 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, + 355, 356, 357, 358, 361, + 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, + 368, 369, 370, 373, 374, + 375, 376, 377 + Caribbean Task Force, 246 + Castro, Fidel views on, 7, 22, 28, 41, + 49, 80, 120, 123 + Central America and, 78, 199, + 239, 367, 368, 369 + Cuban refugees, and, 95, 96, + 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, + 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, + 117, 118, 120, 121, 125, + 126, 171 + Developing countries, relations with, + 7, 177, 185, 254, 305 + Duvalier, Jean-Claude and, 242, 248, + 261 + Energy policy, 149, 150, 155, 157, + 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, + 296, 342 + Human rights, and, 2, 4, 7, 9, 18, 19, 35, 101, + 131, 142, 156, 177, 184, + 217, 224, 240, 241, 242, + 248, 250, 257, 261, 266, + 267, 269, 270, 296, 304, + 329 + Immigration policy, 92, 95, 100, 107, + 108, 111, 116, 118, 121, + 123, 127, 135, 144, 150, + 157, 164, 265, 266, 267, + 268 + Latin America, relations with, 28, 67, + 81, 106, 140, 150, 153, + 156, 219, 304, 378 + Natural gas negotiations (1979), and, + 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, + 149, 150, 151, 155, 157, + 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, + 164, 165 + New Jewel Movement, relations with, + 314, 315, 324, 360 + Political prisoners, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 18, + 19, 20, 21, 26, 31, 33, 39, + 40, 41, 42, 44, 84, 86, 97, + 103, 131, 252, 253 + Select Commission on Immigration and + Refugee Policy, 149, 164, 268, + 372 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, response to, + 50, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 71, + 72, 74, 77, 78, 79, 85, 200, + 262, 263, 367 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), and, 86 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), and, 32, 47, 49, + 55, 72, 79 + United Nations and, 19, 90, 97, 108, + 111, 118, 153, 371 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, and, + 247, 251, 254, 259, 262, + 263, 346 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 298, 302, + 305, 306, 307, 308, 327, + 333, 350, 362, 367, 374 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 29, 60, + 61, 62, 63, 79, 90, 116, 333 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, + 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, + 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 37, 39, + 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, + 55, 56, 66, 69, 76, 81, 85, + 86, 95, 97, 100, 108, 123, 131, + 156, 175, 177, 200, 335, + 340 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, + 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, + 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, + 238, 240 + U.S.-Dominica relations, and, 299, 310 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 297, 301, + 304, 313, 314, 315, 316, + 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, + 324, 326, 328, 330, 331, + 332, 360, 361, 362, 363, + 371 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 272, 273, + 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, + 281, 283, 284, 285, 286, + 296, 350, 351 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 242, 243, + 244, 246, 248, 249, 252, + 253, 255, 256, 257, 260, + 261, 264, 266, 267, 268, + 269, 270 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 174, 175, + 176, 177, 179, 181, 183, + 184, 185, 187, 188, 191, + 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, + 199, 200, 205, 210, 214, + 340, 350, 371 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 139, 142, + 144, 149, 150, 151, 152, + 153, 154, 156, 158, 163, + 164, 167, 168 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 2, 16, 22, 38, + 40, 44, 51, 61, 62, 81, 138 + U.S.-Suriname relations, and, 334, 335, + 338, 339, 340, 342, 343, + 344, 345, 346 + U.S.-Trinidad relations, and, 336, 337, + 341 + Venezuela, relations with, 12, 38, + 319, 332 + World Bank and, 130, 156, 240, 296, + 318, 342 + + Carter, Hodding, 24, + 65, 87 + Carter, Jimmy, 25, + 39, 84, 90, 95, 111, 126, 138, 141, 225, 270, 281, 297, 305, 340, 353: + Adams, Jon Michael Geoffrey Manningham + “Tom,” meeting with, 333 + Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín + correspondence with, 232 + meeting with, 219 + + Brown, Harold, correspondence with, + 76 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, correspondence + with, 11, 20, 43, 53, 68, + 78, 79, 85, 93, 94, 96, 102, + 104, 109, 116, 120, 135, + 145, 207, 214, 263, 313, + 319, 348, 353, 367, 369, + 374, 377 + Camp David Accords (1978), and, 286 + Caribbean policy, 190, 220, 335, 351, + 357, 367, 369, 372 + Cato, Milton, correspondence with, + 329 + Compton, John, correspondence with, + 312 + Fernandez, Antonio Guzman, + correspondence with, 233, 237, 238 + Gairy, Eric, meeting with, 304 + Human rights, 224, 229, 230, 252, + 301 + Lopez Portillo, Jose + correspondence with, 133, 139, 145, 167, 169, 173 + meeting with, 130, 131, 156, 157, 164, 165 + + Manley, Michael + correspondence with, 182, 183 + meeting with, 184 + + Perez, Carlos Andres, meeting with, + 180 + Pindling, Lynden Oscar, meeting with, + 247 + U.S.-Cuba relations, 2, 3, 7, 26, 42, 74, + 80, 113, 121, 320 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, views on, 193, 199 + Vance, Cyrus, correspondence with, + 14, 33, 62, 76, 85, 151, 159, + 365 + + Carter, Rosalynn, 133, 164, 184, 185, 246, 266: + Caribbean, visit to, 318, 348, + 353 + Jones, James “Jim,” correspondence + with, 10 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 178, 179 + + Castaneda y Alvarez de la Rosa, Jorge, 164, 165, 169, 171, 172 + Castro, Fidel, 32, + 105, 138, + 156, 275, + 286, 299: + Africa, views on, 24, 28, 30, 41 + Caribbean policy, and, 127, 185, + 200, 262, 278, 327 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + views on, 7, 22, 28, 41, 49, + 80, 120, 123 + Cuban-American community, and, 7, 35, 39, 42, + 84, 93, 340 + Cuban refugees, and, 92, 94, + 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, + 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, + 118, 126, 171 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 4, 16, + 17, 56, 68 + Developing countries, views on, 28, 123 + Iran hostage crisis (November + 1979–January 1981), response to, 83 + Jamaica-Cuba relations, and, 177, 186, + 189, 192, 319, 368 + Non-Aligned Movement, relations with, + 29, 49, 83 + Organization of American States, + relations with, 12 + Pastor, Robert, meeting with, 41, 86 + Sandinista National Liberation Front, + relations with, 45 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, and, 54, 67, + 69, 71, 80, 84 + Tarnoff, Peter, meeting with, 41, 85, + 86, 124 + U.S.-Cuba relations, views on, 2, 3, 13, 14, + 22, 41, 49, 80, 108, 114, 123, + 140 + Zimbabwe, views on, 37, 41, 44 + + Cato, Milton, 349, + 373: + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 329 + + Cayman Islands, 349 + CDU. See + Christian Democratic Union + Central America, 101, 108, 136, 171, 270, 332: + Caribbean policy, related to, 122, 357, + 358, 365 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + and, 78, 199, 239, 367, 368, + 369 + Costa Rica role in, 131, 164, + 172, 367 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations, and, 51, 73, + 76, 86, 200, 367 + Economic aid, 175 + Mexico, relations with, 84, 130, + 156, 170, 172 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 55, 85 + + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 3, 6, 81, 150, 152, 155, 270, 272, 275, 295, 313, 323, 339, 375: + Caribbean policy, and, 319, 331, + 360, 370, 371, 379 + Covert actions, 23, 91, 197, 199, + 206, 212, 320, 321, 324, + 328 + Intelligence collection, and, 29, 30, + 52, 55, 57, 78 + Intelligence Information Cable + prepared in, 5, 45, 163, 231, 234, + 243, 245, 248, 279, 291 + Intelligence Report prepared in, 99 + Mariel boatlift (1980), and, 90, 94, + 99, 110, 111, 114, 115 + Memorandum prepared in, 58, 202 + Paper prepared in, 12, 101, 216 + Prisoner release, role in, 33, 44 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, and, 36, 38, + 48, 54, 61, 67, 72, 74, 87 + Soviet Union-Cuba military + relationship, views on, 19, 56, 68, + 348 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 8, 18, 89 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 181, 185, + 186, 189, 191, 198, 199, + 200, 201, 205, 209, 210, + 211, 213, 214, 368 + + Charles, Mary Eugenia, 299, 322 + Charles, Serge Élie, 261, 268: + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 264, 266, + 269, 270, 271 + + Chile, 89, 131, 156, 200, 219, 235, 273, 355 + China, 19, 43, 86, 140, 304, 307: + Soviet Union, relations with, 156 + United States, relations with, 13, 21, + 44, 46, 47, 74, 76, 156, 278 + + Chin A Sen, Hendrick Rudolf, 345 + Christian Democratic Union (CDU, Christlich-Demokratische Union), 209, 211 + Christopher, Warren, 18, 184, 250, 277, 287, 289: + Arron, Henck A. E., meeting with, 340 + Caribbean policy, and, 175, 181, + 223, 333, 339, 357, 368 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 19, 152, 155, + 371 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 55, 87, 110 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 43, 63, + 93, 97 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 210 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 131, 143, + 166 + + Church, Frank, 22, + 55, 64, 65, 74, 80, 87, 150 + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Civil aviation, 305, 336 + Civil Aviation Board (CAB), 247, 251, 336 + Civiletti, Benjamin Richard, 107, 121, 212 + Clark Amendment (1976), 74 + Clarke, Bruce, Jr., 58, 87, 90, 114, 115 + Claude, Sylvio, 261, 268, 270 + Claytor, W. Graham, 120, 368: + Memorandum prepared by, 206 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 371 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 61, 110 + + Clay, William, 44 + Clough, Susan, 112, + 284 + Coard, Winston Bernard, 362: + Pastor, Robert, meeting with, 323 + + Coast Guard, 364, + 375, 378, + 379: + Humanitarian assistance, 96, 97, + 120, 267, 268 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 94, 109, 110, 111, 114, + 116, 118, 126 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 37, 47 + Vessel seizure, and, 92, 107, + 115, 120, 121 + + COCOM. See + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls + Colombia, 38, 169, 249, 252, 341, 351, 353: + Dominican Republic, relations with, + 227, 229, 230 + Latin America, role in, 131, 262 + + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union + (KGB, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), + 190, 200, + 201, 202, + 203, 360, + 371 + Commodity Credit Corporation, 238, 240 + Compton, John, 300, + 368: + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 312 + + Conference on International Economic + Cooperation (May–June 1977), 175, 378 + Congo (Kinshasa), 11, 15, 16, + 25, 31, 41, 84 + Consalvi, Simon Alberto, 239 + Constant, Victor, 245 + Convention on Smuggling of Intoxicating + Liquors (1928), 15 + Cooper, Richard, 162, 180, 185, 205, 237, 356: + Economic affairs, and, 184 + Memorandum prepared by, 162, 352 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 205 + U.S.-Mexico relations, role in, 130, 149 + + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls (COCOM), 122 + Costa Rica, 45, 86, 252, 368: + Caribbean, role in, 262, 351, + 353 + Central America, role in, 131, 164, + 172, 367 + Dominican Republic, relations with, + 227, 228, 229, 230 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 102 + Mediation efforts in Nicaragua, 156 + + Costello, John, 110, 114, 115, 126 + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, 32, 335 + Council of Economic Advisers, 6 + Covert actions: + National Security Council, 211 + U.S.-Cuba relations, 29, 91 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, 197, 198, + 199, 206, 211, 212 + + Cuba (see also + Cuban refugees; Cuba-Soviet Union relations; U.S.-Cuba relations): + Africa, role in, 20, 21, 22, 24, + 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, + 39, 41, 44, 49, 50, 53, 67, + 76, 81, 85, 86, 140, 200, 340, + 355 + Angola, relations with, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, + 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, + 31, 32, 33, 37, 58, 80, 84, + 156, 200, 319 + Arms buildup, 18, 38, 55, 56, + 67, 76, 81, 119, 323, 362, 364 + Bahamas, The, relations with, 247, 251, + 262, 263 + Balance of payments, and, 12 + Barbados, relations with, 327 + Belize independence, and, 307 + Bishop, Maurice, relations with, 86, 197, + 200, 315 + Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson, + relations with, 272, 278, 323 + Canada, relations with, 3, 32 + Caribbean, role in, 80, 278, 307, 323, + 327, 335, 348, 355, 359, + 360, 361, 363, 365, 367, + 368, 370, 372, 374, 377, + 379 + Cuban Intelligence Directorate, 190, 200, + 201, 202, 203, 360, 371 + Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 36, 38, + 40, 43, 48, 50, 54, 56, 58, + 62, 67, 69, 73, 74, 75, 77, + 80, 84 + Developing countries, relations with, + 12, 76, 81, 101, 140, 214, 340, + 364 + Development aid, recipient of, 32 + Dominican Republic, relations with, + 219 + Dominica, relations with, 278, 299, + 322, 327 + El Salvador, relations with, 51, 85, + 86 + Ethiopia, relations with, 16, 17, + 24, 25, 31, 33, 41, 44, 85, + 86, 139, 200 + Grenada, relations with, 85, 313, + 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, + 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, + 325, 326, 328, 359, 360, + 361, 368, 371, 379 + Guatemala, relations with, 51, 85, + 86 + Guyana, relations with, 51, 272, + 273, 274, 275, 278, 283, + 318, 368 + Human rights violations, 102 + Intelligence collection, and, 57, 59, + 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 78, 79, + 87, 120, 323, 371 + Japan, relations with, 16, 32 + Latin America, impact on, 4, 12, 17, 51, + 57, 76, 93, 101, 197, 200, 240, + 257, 320, 323, 327, 335, + 348, 359, 360, 361, 365, + 370 + Maritime hijackings, and, 88, 95, + 101, 107, 108, 113 + Mexico, relations with, 12, 51, + 131, 138, 139, 156, 171, + 172 + Nicaragua, relations with, 51, 52, + 80, 84, 85, 86, 170, 370 + Panama, relations with, 45, 51, + 80, 84 + Political prisoners, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 17, + 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 35, + 37, 41, 47, 85, 86, 97, 103, + 114, 116, 118, 131, 340 + Revolutionary Armed Forces, 70, 104, + 120 + Saint Lucia and, 278, 327, 359 + Suriname, relations with, 340, 342, + 345, 346 + Trade embargo, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, + 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, + 28, 32, 35, 37, 41, 42, 44, + 80, 84, 85, 86, 99, 105, 108, + 115, 116, 118, 120, 122, + 123, 140, 172, 177, 200 + Travel restriction, 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 14, 18 + United Kingdom, relations with, 32 + United Nations, participant in, 15, 41, + 169 + West Germany, relations with, 32 + + Cubana Flight 455 bombing (1976), 5, 12: + U.S.-Guyana relations, impact on, 272, 273, + 274, 275, 295 + + Cuban-American community: + Castro, Fidel and, 7, 35, 39, 42, + 84, 93, 340 + Cuban refugees and, 94, 96, 97, 98, + 99, 102, 111, 114 + U.S.-Cuba relations, impact on, 4, 8, 33, 35, + 47, 76, 81, 92, 93, 340 + + Cuban refugees (see + also + Mariel boatlift (1980)): + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, + 102, 106, 110, 111, 112, + 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, + 121, 125, 126, 171 + Castro, Fidel and, 92, 94, 95, 96, + 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 110, 111, + 112, 113, 116, 118, 126, + 171 + Cuban-American community, and, 94, 96, + 97, 98, 99, 102, 111, 114 + Mondale, Walter and, 96, 97 + Orderly Departure Program, 127 + Peruvian Embassy in Havana, 89, 90, + 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 101 + U.S.-Cuba relations, impact on, 103, 105, + 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, + 112, 114, 116, 121, 123, + 124, 127, 131 + Vance, Cyrus and, 96 + + Cuba-Soviet Union relations, 10, 44, 172, 323 (see also + Soviet brigade in Cuba): + Africa, and, 28, 30, 32, 53, + 57, 140, 165 + Caribbean, impact on, 51, 142, + 190, 195, 196, 197, 202, + 263, 368, 370, 371 + Castro, Fidel views on, 4, 16, 17, 56, + 68 + Central America and, 51, 73, + 76, 86, 200, 367 + Department of State views on, 7, 51, 119, 373 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 86, 374 + Soviet Union-Cuba military + relationship, 6, 9, 18, 19, 34, + 36, 40, 43, 48, 50, 54, 56, + 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 67, 69, + 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, + 79, 80, 81, 84, 87, 119, 263 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 13, 27, + 40, 47, 85 + + Cummings, John, 181 + Cundiff, Carl, 277 + Cutler, Lloyd, 67, + 110, 116, + 120, 121: + Soviet brigade in Cuba, views on, 74, 79, + 87 + + Cyprus, 156 + Czechoslovakia, 200 + + Davis, Jack, 264, + 271, 331, + 371, 379: + Memorandum prepared by, 111, 114, + 115 + + Defense Intelligence Agency, 19, 48, 54, 58, 99, 313, 339 + de la Madrid, Roberto, 147, 162 + Dellums, Ronald, 17 + Democratic Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Democratic Party, 2, + 3, 4, 74, 163 + Democratic Republic of the Congo. See + Congo (Kinshasa) + Denend, Leslie, 84, + 163, 169 + Department of Agriculture (USDA), 6, 150, 152, 250, 332 + Department of Commerce, 6, 18, 55, 150, 152: + Caribbean policy, and, 122, 149, + 184, 188 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 81 + + Department of Defense, 6, 18, 38, 89, 104, 150, 152, 155, 205, 324: + Caribbean policy, and, 78, 81, + 319, 346, 364, 371, 373, + 375, 379 + Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, views on, + 8, 67, + 115, 364 + Intelligence collection, and, 211, 212 + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), response to, 289, 294 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, + 118, 120, 121 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, response to, + 55, 57, 65, 87, 97 + Soviet Union-Cuba military + relationship, views on, 36, 48, 61, + 74 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, and, + 247, 251, 262 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 308, 318 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 29, 102, 106 + + Department of Energy (DOE), 152, 163: + Natural gas negotiations (1979), and, + 134, 143, 150, 155, 162 + + Department of Justice, 6, 8, 18, 55, 89, + 134, 212, + 290, 324, + 332, 371: + Anti-terrorism measures, and, 11, 19 + Immigration policy, and, 149, 150, + 152, 157 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 110, 118, 120 + Maritime hijackings, response to, 88, 107, + 113, 115, 116 + Prisoner release, and, 33, 39 + Vessel seizure, and, 114, 120, + 121 + + Department of Labor, 6, 134, 149, 150, 152 + Department of State, 34, 54, 58, 132, 145, 169, 194, 302, 339: + Asylum policy, role in, 107, 267 + Caribbean policy, 190, 205, 301, 308, + 319, 326, 345, 347, 353, + 354, 355, 357, 361, 368, + 369, 373, 374, 378, 379 + Covert actions, and, 198, 212, + 328, 331 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 7, 51, + 119, 373 + Foreign economic assistance, 176, 192, + 277 + Human rights, 18, 19, 218, 264, + 372 + Lopez-Portillo administration + (1976–1982), relations with, 129, + 134, 136, 143, 149, 150, + 152, 155, 162, 163, 164 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 90, 92, 93, 102, 103, 110, 114, + 115, 116, 118, 120, 126 + Paper prepared in, 18, 372 + People’s Temple of the Disciples of + Christ, and, 282, 287, 289, + 292, 295 + Prisoner release, and, 33, 39, + 248 + Security assistance, views on, 78, 174, + 317, 318, 355, 361, 364, + 379 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, response to, + 36, 61, 65, 67, 74, 87 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, views + on, 251, 254 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 13, 38 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 19, + 20, 41, 55, 84, 116 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 313, 319, + 324, 330, 371 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 272, 273, + 274, 275, 284 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 258, 261 + U.S. Interests Section, Havana, 8, 9, 11, 15, + 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, + 28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 42, 44, + 47, 60, 64, 66, 71, 75, 82, + 83, 95, 100, 101, 103, + 105, 108, 110, 112, 113, + 114, 118, 124, 127, 156, + 171, 172, 340 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 184, 188, + 194, 195, 196, 199, 201, + 202, 203 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 43, 81 + + Department of the Air Force, 54, 58 + Department of the Army, 54, 58, 200 + Department of the Navy, 54 + Department of the Treasury, 6, 18, 21, 163, 277, 332, 339, 351, 371, 375: + Caribbean policy, and, 353 + Foreign aid, and, 176, 184, 250 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 81 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 128, 134, + 135, 152 + + Department of Transportation, 247 + Derian, Patricia, 257 + de Santillana, Gerald, 217, 223, 225, 236, 241, 246, 250 + Developed countries, 173: + Developing countries, and, 214, 301, + 348 + Organization of the Petroleum + Exporting Countries, relations with, 171 + + Developing countries, 131, 285, 310, 335, 362: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + relations with, 7, 177, 185, + 254, 305 + Castro, Fidel views on, 28, 123 + Cuba, relations with, 12, 76, + 81, 101, 140, 214, 340, + 364 + Developed countries and, 214, 301, + 348 + Economic development, and, 146, 156, + 333, 340, 347, 348 + Jamaica role in, 175, 184, 186, 200 + World Bank and, 150, 165, 348, 354 + + Development aid: + Agency for International Development, + 277 + Caribbean and, 182, 183, 240, 246, + 296, 303, 348, 352, 353, + 354, 356, 357, 358, 360, + 361, 363, 365, 368, 369, + 372, 376, 377 + Cuba recipient of, 32 + Mexico recipient of, 133, 146, + 156 + Suriname recipient of, 340, 342, + 344 + + Devine, Frank James, 281 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 38, 43, 50, 63, 67, 71, 72, 74, 87 + Dodson, Christine, 188, 319, 378 + DOE. See + Department of Energy + Dominica, 172, 350, 358, 373, 377 (see also + U.S.-Dominica relations): + Cuba, relations with, 278, 299, + 322, 327 + Foreign aid, recipient of, 299, 346, + 366, 368 + Foreign investments, and, 310 + International organizations, member + of, 303 + National independence, 299, 300, + 303, 309, 310, 322, 347, + 349 + Political stability, 311, 323, + 359, 363 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 355 + + Dominican Republic, 156, 262, 268, 353, 358, 367 (see + also + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations): + Agency for International Development + and, 235, 239 + Colombia, relations with, 227, 229, + 230 + Costa Rica, relations with, 227, 228, + 229, 230 + Cuba, relations with, 219 + Dominican military, 217, 219, + 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, + 231, 234, 235, 236 + Dominican Revolutionary Party, 217, 220, + 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, + 229, 231, 235, 256 + Economic affairs, 237, 238, 239, 240, + 376 + Election interference, 226, 228, + 229, 230, 231, 234, 236 + Foreign aid, recipient of, 365, 375 + Foreign investments, and, 240 + Free elections, 217, 219, 220, 221, + 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, + 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, + 232, 233, 234, 235 + Haiti, relations with, 220, 240, + 256 + Human rights, and, 218, 219, 220, 237 + Political-military relations, 217, 219, + 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, + 227, 228, 229, 234, 235 + Sugar and, 237 + + Donaldson, John, 315 + Dorecely, Gerard, 257 + Dorrance, John, 177, 178 + Dozier, William, 354 + Drexler, Robert, 227 + Drug Enforcement Administration, 129, 136, 259 + Dugstad, Richard, 136 + Duncan, Charles, 19, + 29, 38, 161, 164, 165 + Duncan, Donald Keith, 181, 185, 215, 323, 367 + Duran, Alfredo Gonzalez, 2, 4 + Durazo Moreno, Arturo, 129 + DuSault, Philip, 379 + Duvalier, François, 246, 253, 260: + Haiti, former leader of, 241, 245, + 249, 252, 270 + + Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 245, 250, 258, 264, 266, 271: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + and, 242, 248, 261 + Jones, William Bowdoin, meeting with, + 256 + Kimelman, Henry, meeting with, 268, 270 + Ton Ton Macoutes, relations with, 243 + U.S.-Haiti relations, impact on, 243, 244, + 246, 252, 257, 260, 269 + + Duvalier, Simone, 243, 245 + Dwyer, Richard A., 293 + + Eastern Europe, 185, 200, 285 + East Germany, 67, + 77, 285 + East-West relations, 32: + Trade relations, 122 + + Echeverria, Luis, 128, 129, 146, 150 + Economic aid, 78, + 79, 80, 81, 135: + Barbados recipient of, 298, 302, + 303, 305, 319, 333, 358 + Caribbean policy, 298, 304, 307, 319, + 326, 341, 351, 352, 354, + 355, 358, 360, 363, 368, + 371, 372, 379 + Central America, 175 + Grenada, 301, 304, 314, 317, + 326, 332, 363, 365, 376 + + Economic development, 309, 372: + Caribbean Community and Common Market + role in, 296, 333, 336, 358 + Financial stability, 353, 356 + Haiti, 220, + 244, 246, 249, 252, 253, + 257, 264, 266, 267, 268, + 270 + + Economic sanctions, 5, 18, 85, + 86, 169, 241 + Economic Support Fund, 379: + Caribbean and, 78, 365 + + Ecuador, 12, 76: + International military education and + training, and, 346 + + Egan, Mike, 150, + 152 + Egypt, 119, 335 + Eidenberg, Gene, 109, 110, 114, 118, 120 + Einaudi, Luigi, 147, 155, 254, 358 + Eizenstat, Stuart, 149, 152, 155, 157, 165 + El Salvador, 119, + 156, 165, + 205, 217, + 365, 368: + Cuba, relations with, 51, 85, + 86 + Economic Support Fund, 78 + Frente Amplio Nacional, 172 + Military coup, 170, 270, 367 + + Emigration, 15, 39 + Energy policy: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + 149, 150, 155, 157, 159, + 161, 162, 164, 165, 296, + 342 + United Nations and, 153, 164, + 165, 171 + U.S. Congress and, 141, 143, 145, 149, + 150, 155 + + Energy technology, 153, 164, 165 + Environmental affairs, 165 + Erb, Guy, 149, 153, 164, 165, 184, 230 + Eritrea, 30, 31, 44, 86 + Estep, Hunter, 198, + 359 + Ethiopia, 156: + Cuba, relations with, 16, 17, + 24, 25, 31, 33, 41, 44, 85, + 86, 139, 200 + + Europe, 147, 156: + European Community, 156, 165, + 209, 333 + + Exclusive economic zone, 157 + Export-Import Bank of the United States, 200, 266, 332, 336, 341: + Caribbean policy, and, 358, 378 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 132, 150 + + + FAA. See + Federal Aviation + Administration + Fagen, Richard, 11 + Falco, Mathea, 129, + 136 + Family reunification, 39: + U.S.-Cuba relations, 4, 13, 14, 15, + 18, 20, 31, 35, 44, 115 + + Fascell, Dante, 15, + 33, 254, 368, 369 + FBI. See + Federal Bureau of + Investigation + Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 303 + Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 39, 47, 99, 290, 295: + Anti-terrorism measures, and, 4, 8, 11, 88, + 107 + Report prepared in, 70, 84 + + Federal Reserve, 128, 132 + Feinberg, Richard, 186, 358, 360 + Feldman, Mark, 88 + Fernandez, Antonio Guzman, 226, 229, 234, 239, 256: + Caribbean policy, and, 240 + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 233, 237, 238 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 224, 235, 236 + Warne, W. Robert, meeting with, 240 + + Ferre, Maurice, 15, + 369 + Ferrier, Johan, 338, 343, 345 + Fishing rights: + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, 247, 251, + 254 + U.S.-Cuba relations, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 42, 335 + + Fletcher, Richard, 323 + FMS. See + Foreign Military Sales + Forde, Henry, 305, + 311, 354, + 363: + Caribbean policy, and, 307, 315, + 327, 358, 362 + Pastor, Robert, meeting with, 323 + U.S.-Barbados relations, views on, + 302, 306 + + Ford, Gerald, 3, 4, 25, 131, 301: + Gairy, Eric, meeting with, 297 + + Foreign aid: + Agency for International Development, + 303, 347, 363 + Department of the Treasury and, 176, 184, + 250 + Disaster relief, 244, 266 + Dominican Republic recipient of, 365, 375 + Dominica recipient of, 299, 346, + 366, 368 + Haiti recipient of, 184, 243, + 249, 250, 252, 253, 256, + 257, 260, 264, 265, 266, + 271, 365 + International donors, and, 356, 357, + 358, 376 + International Financial Institutions + role in, 179, 210, 266, 296, 336, + 351, 356, 358, 376 + Jamaica recipient of, 277, 307, + 327, 361, 366, 367 + Public Law 480 (1954), 180, 192, + 250, 256, 336 + Suriname, 334, 342, 345 + United States and, 269, 286, 298, 326, + 347, 352, 357, 363, 370, + 374, 377 + U.S. Congress role in, 174, 176, + 177, 179, 180, 184, 200, + 240, 247, 257, 271, 277, + 336, 346, 354, 356, 365 + + Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 13, 91, 325, 346, 356, 379 + Foreign investments, 348: + Bahamas, The and, 247, 251 + Dominican Republic and, 240 + Dominica and, 310 + Mexico and, 130, 133, 135 + + Foreign Military Sales (FMS), 76, 78, 81, 375: + Caribbean policy, 318, 319, 332, 333, + 365, 374, 379 + + Foundation for International Technological + Collaboration, 152 + Fox, Richard Kenneth, 337, 341 + France, 44, 86, 104, 166, 252, 269, 270: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 140 + Caribbean, role in, 309, 310, + 311, 348, 351, 353, 358, + 361, 368, 370 + Mexico, diplomatic relations with, + 171 + Southern Africa, role in, 16, 22, + 32, 200, 275 + Suriname, diplomatic relations with, + 335 + + Frechette, Myles Robert René, 88, 89 + Free elections, 185, 191, 200, 204, 217, 367: + Caribbean Community and Common Market + and, 313, 315 + Dominican Republic, 217, 219, + 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, + 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, + 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, + 235 + Grenada, 313, 314, 318, 319, + 323, 324, 378 + Haiti, 243 + Jamaica, 205, 207, 208, 209, + 211, 212 + + French Guiana, 335 + FSLN. See + Sandinista National Liberation + Front + + Gairy, Eric, 51, + 200, 315, + 359, 360, + 368: + Bishop, Maurice, and, 313, 316, + 317 + Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 304 + Extradition, 323, 332 + Ford, Gerald, meeting with, 297 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 301, 304 + + Galvan-Lopez, Felix, 129, 156 + Gannon, John, 216, + 379 + Garcia, Nestor, 15 + Garcia-Rodriguez, Felix, 124 + Garcia, Santiago Roel, 133, 139, 140, 156, 157: + Todman, Terence, meeting with, 137 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 130, 131, + 134, 135, 155, 160 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 140 + + Gates, Robert, 33, + 48 + GATT. See + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) + Gelb, Leslie, 32 + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) + (GATT), 149, 150, 152, 156, 163: + Mexico member of, 157, 168 + + General International Fisheries Agreement + (GIFA), 11, 14, + 15, 18, 42 + Gerard, Sumner, 186 + Gibson, Larry, 19 + GIFA. See + General International Fisheries + Agreement + Gilligan, John, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357 + Gilman, Benjamin, 15, 44 + Glassman, John, 173 + Gleysteen, William Henry, 1, 3, 4, + 15, 17 + Gomez, Francis, 252, 253 + Goodby, James, 60, + 61, 63 + Gourgue, Gerard, 258 + Gousse, Pierre, 249 + Gower, Gerald, 356 + Granma, 103, 112 + Greece, 247 + Gregg, Donald, 102, + 162, 262, + 324, 331 + Grenada, 206, 350, 358, 375 (see also + U.S.-Grenada relations): + Agency for International Development + and, 319, 326 + Caribbean Development Bank, and, 301, 314, + 326, 332 + Caribbean, role in, 367, 373, + 377 + Coup, 51, + 80, 86, 200, 313, 314, + 315, 319, 322, 323, 327, + 359, 360, 361, 363, 368, + 371 + Cuba, relations with, 85, 313, + 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, + 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, + 325, 326, 328, 359, 360, + 361, 368, 371, 379 + Economic aid, 301, 304, 314, 317, + 326, 332, 363, 365, 376 + Free elections, 313, 314, 318, 319, + 323, 324, 378 + Guyana, relations with, 197, 317, + 319, 323, 361 + Jamaica, relations with, 197, 313, + 324, 328 + Organization of American States and, + 218, 219, 244, 297, 298, + 301, 304, 318, 336, 349 + Political prisoners, 318, 319, + 332 + Private voluntary organizations, 332 + Revolutionary Government, Grenada, + 316, 317, 318, 320, 330, + 332 + Security assistance, 355 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 300, 309 + + Griffith, John, 225, 236, 288, 370 + Gromyko, Andrei, 62, + 63, 74, 78, 79 + Group of 77, 156 + Grove, Brandon H., Jr., 294, 314, 317, 360 + Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, 42, 70, 90, 95, 113, 172, 252: + Department of Defense views on, 8, 67, 115, 364 + Solid Shield 80 (1980), and, 97, 101 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 3, 5, 6, 12, 18, 25, + 41, 74, 105, 108, 111, + 114, 120 + + Guatemala, 12, 119, 156, 164, 172, 358, 367, 368: + Belize, relations with, 175, 184, + 307, 336 + Cuba, relations with, 51, 85, + 86 + Narcotics control, and, 136, 157 + United States, relations with, 200, 307 + + Guinea, 80 + Gutiérrez Menoyo, Eloy, 84 + Guyana, 299, 305, 315, 327, 342, 373 (see also + U.S.-Guyana relations): + Agency for International Development + and, 272, 286, 296 + Balance of payments, and, 272, 277, + 354 + Brazil, relations with, 296 + Caribbean, role in, 60, 347, 351, 355, + 358, 367 + Cuba, relations with, 51, 272, + 273, 274, 275, 278, 283, + 318, 368 + Economic affairs, 184, 272, 275, 277, + 286, 296, 349 + Economic stability, 277, 296, + 376 + EFF (IMF Extended Fund Facility), 277 + Foreign aid, 275, 277, 286, 336, + 366 + Grenada, relations with, 197, 317, + 319, 323, 361 + GSP (Generalized System of + Preferences), 275 + Guyana Defense Force, 291, 293 + Human rights, and, 275, 281, 285, 296 + International Monetary Fund and, 277, 286, + 296, 353 + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), response to, 290, 291 + People’s Militia, Guyana, 272, 291 + People’s National Congress, Guyana, + 285, 291 + People’s Progressive Party, Guyana, + 272, 286 + People’s Temple of the Disciples of + Christ immigrant to, 276, 282, 295 + Private investment, 286 + Public Law 480 (1954), 277 + Soviet Union, relations with, 272, 273, + 274, 279, 285 + Suriname, relations with, 334, 335, + 339, 340 + Venezuela and, 272 + + + Haas, Jeff, 280, + 295 + Habib, Philip, 201, + 274, 297, + 328, 366, + 367, 371: + Caribbean policy, views on, 349, 361, + 368 + Gairy, Eric, meeting with, 301 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 200 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 302, 305, + 327 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 7, 24 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 275, 281, + 296, 336 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 244, 257 + + Haiti, 347, 353, 368 (see also + U.S.-Haiti relations): + Agency for International Development + and, 241, 244, 249, 250, 252, + 257, 270, 271 + Caribbean, role in, 358, 367 + Dominican Republic, relations with, + 220, 240, 256 + Drought, 244, 250, 252 + Duvalier, François former leader of, + 241, 245, 249, 252, 270 + Economic development, 220, 244, + 246, 249, 252, 253, 257, + 264, 266, 267, 268, 270 + EFF (IMF Extended Fund Facility), 266 + Foreign aid, recipient of, 184, 243, + 249, 250, 252, 253, 256, + 257, 260, 264, 265, 266, + 271, 365 + Freedom of the press, 249, 252, + 270 + Free elections, 243 + Haitian army, 245, 260, 269 + Haitian boat people, 265, 266, + 267, 268, 269 + Haitian Cabinet, 245, 260 + Haitian Human Rights League, 258, 261 + Haitian Leopards Battalion, 245 + Haitian Palace Guard, 245, 248, + 269 + Human rights violations, and, 241, 244, + 246, 248, 250, 252, 253, + 258, 260, 261, 264, 266, + 267, 268, 269, 270, 271 + International Monetary Fund, and, 255, 256, + 266, 376 + Narcotics control, and, 266 + Political prisoners, 248, 252, + 253, 266, 268 + Political stability, 242, 243, + 245, 252, 253, 260, 266, + 270 + Private investment, 253, 256, + 260, 266, 267, 268 + Public Law 480 (1954), 252, 253, + 255, 256, 257, 260, 266, + 271, 376 + Refugees, 92, + 93, 94, 117, 118, 120, + 125, 244, 246, 252, 260, + 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, + 269 + Sugar and, 268, 269 + + Hambrick, Marion, 259 + Hansen, Roger, 348 + Harmon, John, 324 + Harriman, Averell, 79 + Harris, Don, 293 + Hartman, Arthur, 3 + Haslam, Charles, 150 + Haverkamp, Roy, 188 + Heavner, Theodore, 273, 297, 302, 335, 349: + Memorandum prepared by, 198 + + Helms, Jesse, 55, + 112, 294 + Henneke, Frederick, 289 + Henze, Paul, 30, + 163, 191, + 211: + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 29, 212, 324 + + Herbert, Neville, 294 + Herrera Campins, Luis, 171, 200 + Hetu, Herbert, 72 + Hewitt, Ashley, 287, 308, 317, 322, 323, 362: + Arron, Henck A. E., meeting with, 340 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 315 + Memorandum prepared by, 254 + + Heymann, Philip, 88 + Honduras, 51, 78, 85, 116, 156, 172, 365, 367, 368 + Hopkins, Robert, 12, + 19 + Horan, Hume, 289 + Horelick, Arnold, 34, 67, 72 + Hormats, Robert D., 348 + Hornblow, Michael, 8 + Horn of Africa, 44, + 139: + United States, relations with, 28, 29, + 138, 283 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 138, 200 + + Howard, Richard, 265, 271 + Hoyte, Hugh, 296 + Human rights: + Bahamas, The and, 247 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 2, 4, + 7, 9, + 18, 19, 35, 101, 131, 142, 156, + 177, 184, 217, 224, 240, + 241, 242, 248, 250, 257, + 261, 266, 267, 269, 270, + 296, 304, 329 + Cuba, and, 2, + 4, 7, + 9, 18, + 19, 102, 131 + Department of State, 18, 19, + 218, 264, 372 + Dissident movements, and, 39, 261, + 270 + Dominican Republic and, 218, 219, + 220, 237 + Dual national, and, 31, 42, 44, 303 + Family reunification, and, 13, 35, + 39, 115 + Freedom of the press, and, 142, 184, + 185, 191, 200, 217 + Free elections, and, 185, 191, + 197, 200, 204, 205, 212, + 217, 367 + Guyana and, 275, 281, 285, 296 + Haiti and, 241, 244, 246, 248, + 250, 252, 253, 258, 260, + 261, 264, 266, 267, 268, + 269, 270, 271 + Human rights violations, 102, 142, + 156, 164 + Jamaica and, 184, 185, 187, 191, + 197 + Latin America and, 174, 228, 229, 230 + Organization of American States and, + 219, 228, 249, 252, 336 + Political prisoners, and, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, + 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 31, + 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 84, + 86, 97, 103, 131, 252, + 253 + Refugees, and, 39, 89, 101, 102, + 131, 252, 265, 267 + Undocumented workers, and, 142, 164 + U.S. Congress and, 133, 164, 218, 244, + 268 + + Humphrey, Chester, 371 + Hungary, 2, 8 + Hurtado, Miguel de la Madrid, 157, 163 + Hurwitch, Robert, 217, 219, 220, 222: + Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín, meeting + with, 221 + + + IBRD. See + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development + IDB. See + International Development + Bank + IDCA. See + International Development Cooperation + Agency + IL-28 bomber, 36, + 77 + Immigration and Naturalization Act (1952), + 251 + Immigration and Naturalization Service, 93, 94, 118, 150, 267, 268 + Immigration policy: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + 92, 95, 100, 107, 108, + 111, 116, 118, 121, 123, + 127, 135, 144, 150, 157, + 164, 265, 266, 267, 268 + Department of Justice and, 149, 150, + 152, 157 + Illegal immigration, 121, 157, + 266, 267, 268, 348, 378, + 379 + Orderly Departure Program, 127 + + Inderfurth, Karl “Rick,” 30, 48, 87, 146, 228, 284, 348: + Memorandum prepared by, 28 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 155 + + India, 156 + Indian Ocean, 74 + Indochinese refugees, 99: + Increased admission to U.S., 85 + Vietnam, 86, + 268 + + Indonesia, 151, + 349 + Inflation, 356, + 376: + Jamaica, 184, 200 + Mexico, 130, + 132, 135, 157 + Oil prices and, 171 + + Inman, Bobby, 67 + Intelligence collection: + Cuba and, 57, + 59, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 78, + 79, 87, 120, 323, 371 + Department of Defense and, 211, 212 + National Security Council and, 55, 142 + United States and, 91, 212 + + Inter-American Development Bank, 130, 131, 184, 237, 275, 351, 353 + Inter-American Human Rights Commission, 102, 206, 244, 246, 249, 252, 261 + Inter-American Human Rights Court, 108, 118 + Inter-American Press Association, 249, 252, 253 + Internal Revenue Service, 251 + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development (IBRD), 180, 216, 296, 307, 335, 341, 342, 356, 376 + International Committee of the Red Cross, + 2, 86, 89 + International Communication Agency, 81, 90, 102, 106, 332, 372, 373, 374 + International Court of Justice, 169 + International Development Association, 340 + International Development Bank (IDB), 368 + International Development Cooperation Agency + (IDCA), 81, 365, + 375, 378, + 379 + International military education and training: + Caribbean policy, role in, 78, 319, + 365, 379 + Ecuador and, 346 + U.S.-Grenada relations, 332 + U.S.-Suriname relations, 346 + + International Monetary Fund, 131, 134, 237, 252, 356, 377: + EFF (IMF Extended Fund Facility), 266, 277 + Guyana, and, 277, 286, 296, 353 + Haiti and, 255, 256, 266, 376 + Jamaica and, 174, 175, 179, 180, + 183, 184, 185, 189, 191, + 200, 205, 210, 216, 323, + 336, 353, 371 + Mexico and, 128, 130, 132, 135, + 150, 157 + Trinidad and Tobago and, 353 + + International organizations, 350: + Dominica member of, 303 + + International Seabed Authority, 175 + International Sugar Agreement (1977), 219, 220 + Iran, 32, 116, 148, 150, 156, 165, 166, 200, 335: + Blocked assets, 167 + Economic sanctions, 86, 169, 170 + Iran hostage crisis (November + 1979–January 1981), 85, 86, 101, + 108, 123, 124, 154, 167, + 169, 170, 262, 266 + + Iraq, 216 + Irons, Alden, 252, + 253 + Irving, Frederick, 181, 184, 187, 188 + Isham, Heyward, 244 + Israel, 119, 148, 155, 165, 301, 335, 375 + + Jackson, Everett, 40, 42, 150 + Jacobini, Charles, 4 + Jagan, Cheddi, 273, + 281, 286, + 323 + Jamaica, 164, 252, 296, 305, 314, 332 (see also + Jamaica-Cuba relations; U.S.-Jamaica relations): + Agency for International Development + and, 175, 176, 177, 180, 184, + 196, 210, 215 + Balance of payments, and, 175, 180, + 182, 183, 184, 185, 216, + 336, 349, 354 + Bank of Jamaica, 178, 185 + Debt relief, 182, 183, 184, 185, + 215, 216, 368 + Developing countries, role in, 175, 184, + 186, 200 + Economic recovery, 175, 179, 182, 187, + 200, 216 + Election reform, 189, 191, 200 + Foreign aid, recipient of, 277, 307, + 327, 361, 366, 367 + Foreign policy, 185, 186, 189, 196, + 197, 200, 201, 202, 340, + 347, 355, 360, 371 + Freedom of the press, 185, 191, + 200, 210 + Free elections, 205, 207, 208, 209, + 211, 212 + Grenada, relations with, 197, 313, + 324, 328 + Human rights, and, 184, 185, 187, 191, + 197 + Inflation, 184, 200 + International Monetary Fund, and, 174, 175, + 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, + 189, 191, 200, 205, 210, + 216, 323, 336, 353, 371 + Jamaica Constabulary Force, 202, 208, + 213 + Jamaica Defence Force, 208, 211, + 215 + Jamaica Labour Party, 178, 181, + 187, 189, 190, 197, 198, + 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, + 209, 211, 215, 373 + Non-Aligned Movement Summit (1979), + participant in, 192, 193, 194, + 195, 197, 200, 367 + Peoples’ National Party, Jamaica and + Suriname, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, + 194, 195, 197, 198, 200, + 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, + 213, 214, 215 + Private investment, 175, 179, + 184, 188, 196, 198, 200, + 201, 215, 216, 358, 371 + Soviet Union, relations with, 196, 197, + 210, 211, 215 + Tourism, and, 175, 178, 184, 196, + 200 + Trinidad and Tobago, relations with, + 180, 336, 349 + Venezuela, relations with, 175, 180, + 184, 205, 207, 216, 336 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 309 + + Jamaica-Cuba relations, 85, 184, 210, 216, 319, 335: + Castro, Fidel and, 177, 186, 189, 192, + 319, 368 + Development aid, 175, 178, 370 + Manley, Michael and, 51, 185, + 186, 189, 195, 197, 199, + 211, 214 + Military assistance and sales, 206, 207, + 213, 317, 318, 368 + National Security Council and, 201, 202, + 203 + Sugar role in, 3, 175, 203 + + Japan, 12, 81, 156, 171, 200, 341: + Cuba, relations with, 16, 32 + Oil, and, 150, 155, 157, 165 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 8, 9, + 11, 148 + + Javits, Jacob, 65 + Jayne, Randy, 205, + 324, 363 + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Jiménez Reyes, Ramón Emilio, 219, 222, 234, 236: + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 218, 220, 240 + + John, Patrick Roland, 299, 303, 310, 322, 323, 349 + Johnson, Livingston, 247 + Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 82 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 6, 18, 90, 99, 319, 375: + Caribbean policy, and, 55, 67, + 78, 313 + Mariel boatlift (1980), and, 110, 111 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 19, 20, + 74, 97 + + Jones, David, 29, + 38, 67, 87, 110 + Jones, James “Jim,” 276, 282, 287, 288, 289 (see also + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978); People’s Temple of the + Disciples of Christ; Stoen, + John Victor): + Carter, Rosalynn, correspondence with, + 10 + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), and, 293 + Stoen custody case (1977), 280, 292, + 295 + + Jonestown, 280, + 287, 288, + 295: + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), 289, 291, 293, 294 + Ryan, Leo Joseph, Jr. visit to, 287, 288 + + Jonestown massacre (November 30, 1978): + Department of Defense response to, + 289, 294 + Guyana response to, 290, 291 + Report, 293 + Ryan, Leo Joseph, Jr. and, 289, 290, + 291, 293 + + Jones, William Bowdoin, 250, 265: + Duvalier, Jean-Claude, meeting with, + 256 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 246, 249, + 255, 257, 260, 261 + + Jordan, 335 + Jova, Joseph John, 128, 129, 130, 131 + + Kaiser, Edgar, 189 + Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Karamat, Roel, 335, + 338, 340, + 343: + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 342 + + Katsaris, Maria, 282 + Katz, Abraham, 150 + Katz, Julius, 133, + 157, 164, + 165: + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 155 + + Keane, John, 4 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 84 + Kennedy, John F., 36, 67, 77, + 131, 177, + 189, 241 + Kennedy, Mary Virginia, 257, 296 + Kenya, 80 + Keuch, Robert, 110 + KGB. See + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union + Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 169 + Khrushchev, Nikita, 67 + Kimelman, Henry, 267, 271: + Duvalier, Jean-Claude, meeting with, + 268, 270 + + Kimmitt, Robert, 174, 375, 378 + King, Kurleigh, 336, 358 + Kinsman, N. Richard, 210 + Kirk, Roger, 185 + Kissinger, Henry, 3, + 22, 79, 131, 153, 176, 181, 275: + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 4, 46 + + Knapp, Charles, 150, 152 + Komer, Robert, 212 + Kozak, Michael, 88 + Kramer, Franklin, 111, 211, 375: + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 379 + + Kreisberg, Paul, 360, 371 + Kreps, Juanita, 8, + 19 + Krueger, C. Robert, 164, 165, 169 + Kuznetsov, Vasily, 67, 77 + + Lagomarsino, Robert, 44 + Lake, W. Anthony, 18, 19, 32, + 60, 360 + Lampert, Harvey D., 185 + Lance, Thomas Bertram, 351 + Lande, Steve, 150, + 152 + Landis, Fred, 210 + Lane, Lyle F., 15, + 27, 31, 32, 42, 44 + Lane, Mark, 287, + 288, 289, + 293 + Laos, 268 + Latin America, 73, + 184, 217, + 237, 266, + 318: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + relations with, 28, 67, 81, + 106, 140, 150, 153, 156, + 219, 304, 378 + Colombia role in, 131, 262 + Cuba impact on, 4, 12, 17, 51, + 57, 76, 93, 101, 197, 200, 240, + 257, 320, 323, 327, 335, + 348, 359, 360, 361, 365, + 370 + Human rights, and, 174, 228, 229, 230 + Intelligence operations, and, 190 + Lopez Portillo, Jose views on, 173 + Panama Canal Treaty (1977), response + to, 219, 247, 281, 304 + Technical cooperation, 301 + U.S.-Latin America military relations, + 308, 355, 364 + + Law of the sea, 341: + Fisheries aid, and, 175 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, 247, 251 + + Lawrence, Loren, 188, 192, 200, 208, 215, 319, 368: + Jamaica-Cuba relations, views on, 190, 194, + 196, 201 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 189 + + Layton, Larry, 293 + League of United Latin American Citizens, + 164 + Lebanon, 335 + LeBourgeois, Julien, 194, 204, 210 + Lenin, Vladimir, 16 + Levinson, Lawrence, 16 + Libya, 205, 272 + Lincoln, Bonnie, 341 + Linowitz, Sol, 79 + Liquid natural gas, 336, 337, 341 + Lister, George, 217, 241 + Lopez-Portillo administration (1976–1982), + 128, 135: + Department of State, relations with, + 129, 134, 136, 143, 149, + 150, 152, 155, 162, 163, + 164 + Narcotics control, 129 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 146, 157 + + Lopez Portillo, Jose, 79, 160, 166: + Bowdler, William, meeting with, 114, 172 + Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 170 + Carter, Jimmy + correspondence with, 133, 139, 145, 167, 169, 173 + meeting with, 130, 131, 156, 157, 164, 165 + + Castro, Fidel, relations with, 108, 114, + 138 + Latin America, views on, 173 + Lucey, Patrick Joseph, meeting with, + 141, 145, 157, 161, 164, + 165 + Mondale, Walter, meeting with, 138 + Natural gas negotiations (1979), and, + 137, 143, 151, 155, 159, + 162, 163 + U.S.-Mexico relations, views on, 128, 132, + 146, 147, 149, 152, 153, + 158 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 130, 156, + 157, 164, 165 + World Energy Plan, 171 + + Louisy, Allan, 368 + Loy, Frank, 89, 127, 268 + Lucas Garcia, Fernando Romeo, 172 + Lucey, Patrick Joseph, 138, 139, 160: + Lopez Portillo, Jose, meeting with, + 141, 145, 157, 161, 164, + 165 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 155 + U.S.-Mexico relations, views on, 142, 143, + 150, 152, 158, 162 + + Luckhoo, Lionel, 286 + Luers, William Henry, 8, 205, 241: + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 177 + Memorandum prepared by, 1, 274, + 297 + + Lunt, Larry, 40, + 42, 44 + + Madden, Frank, 251 + Manley, Michael, 208, 209, 215, 216, 270, 305, 318, 360: + Caribbean policy, and, 156, 191, + 323, 358, 367 + Carter, Jimmy + correspondence with, 182, 183 + meeting with, 184 + + Carter, Rosalynn, meeting with, 178, 179 + Cuba, relations with, 51, 164, + 190, 192, 197, 199, 202, + 206, 213, 278 + Habib, Philip, meeting with, 200 + Hewitt, Ashley, meeting with, 315 + International Monetary Fund, relations + with, 180, 205 + Jamaica-Cuba relations, and, 51, 185, + 186, 189, 195, 197, 199, + 211, 214 + Lawrence, Loren, meeting with, 189 + Luers, William Henry, meeting with, + 177 + North-South issues, and, 186, 214, + 340 + Pastor, Robert, meeting with, 200, 201 + Penthouse, + interview with, 181, 185 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 175, 187, + 193, 194, 196, 198, 203, + 207, 210, 349, 368, 371 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 184 + Young, Andrew + meeting with, 200 + relations with, 181, + 184, 199 + + + Mann, Laurence, 274, 275, 278, 288: + Pastor, Robert, meeting with, 283 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 273, 286, + 290 + + Margain, Hugo, 130, + 131, 156, + 157, 164, + 165: + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 145, 166, + 167 + + Mariel boatlift (1980), 99, 112, 123, 124: + Central Intelligence Agency and, 90, 94, + 99, 110, 111, 114, 115 + Coast Guard response to, 94, 109, + 110, 111, 114, 116, 118, + 126 + Costa Rica response to, 89, 90, + 92, 93, 95, 102 + Department of Defense response to, + 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, + 118, 120, 121 + Department of Justice response to, + 110, 118, 120 + Department of State response to, 90, 92, + 93, 102, 103, 110, 114, + 115, 116, 118, 120, 126 + Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 110, 111 + Maritime hijackings, 107, 108 + National Security Council response to, + 102, 106 + Organization of American States + response to, 89, 108, 116, + 118 + Padron, Jose Luis and, 100 + Special Coordination Committee views + on, 90, 111 + Stateless vessels, 112, 113, 114 + United Kingdom and, 109, 110 + U.S. Congress and, 90, 94, 96, 117, + 118, 120 + Vessel seizure, 114, 120, 121 + + Marine Corps, 78 + Maritime boundaries, 11, 15, 18 + Maritime hijackings, 95, 101, 108: + Department of Justice response to, + 88, 107, 113, 115, 116 + U.S.-Cuba Hijacking Agreement (1973), + 1, 3, + 4, 5, + 6, 7, + 8, 9, + 11, 12, 13, 14, 82, 335 + + Mark, David, 212, + 324 + Market access, 135, + 147, 296, + 341 + Marshall, Ray, 152, + 348 + Marville, R. Orlando, 298 + Matheny, John, 282, + 324 + Mathis, Dawson, 44 + Matos, Huber, 3, 4 + May, James, 19 + Maynes, Charles William, 160, 169 + McAfee, William, 306 + McCloy, John, 67, + 77, 79 + McCoy, Richard, 282, 287, 342: + Stoen custody case (1977), and, 280, 295 + U.S.-Guyana relations, views on, 272, 273 + + McGee, H., 251 + McGiffert, David, 29, 55, 308 + McGovern, George, 13, 14, 15 + McHenry, Donald, 29, + 90, 169, 330, 371 + McIntyre, Jim, 78, + 155, 324, + 365 + McIntyre, Meredith Alister, 336 + McKenna, Margaret, 10 + McMahon, John, 90, + 212 + McNamara, Robert, 72, 74, 184, 237, 341, 342 + Meissner, Doris, 150, 152 + Menendez, Ramiro Valdes, 70 + Mengistu Haile Mariam, 17, 31 + Mexican Petroleum, Inc. (PEMEX, Petrόleos Mexicanos, S.A.), 130, 156, 161, 165: + Natural gas negotiations (1979), and, + 137, 141, 145, 147, 150, + 151, 157, 162, 164 + + Mexico, 5, 38, 184, 214, 247, 254: + Balance of payments, and, 130, 150, + 157 + Canada, relations with, 171 + Caribbean, and, 175, 323, 336, 348, + 351, 353, 358, 368 + Central America, relations with, 84, 130, + 156, 170, 172 + Cuba, relations with, 12, 51, + 131, 138, 139, 156, 171, + 172 + Development aid, recipient of, 133, 146, + 156 + Economic stability, 132, 133, + 135, 146, 150, 156, 157 + Foreign investments, and, 130, 133, + 135 + France, diplomatic relations with, + 171 + Gas resources, location of, 131, 133, + 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, + 149, 150, 151, 155, 157, + 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, + 164, 165 + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947), member of, 157, 168 + GSP (Generalized System of + Preferences), 146 + Inflation, 130, 132, 135, 157 + Institutional Revolutionary Party, + 150 + International Financial Institutions, + relations with, 135 + International Monetary Fund, and, 128, 130, + 132, 135, 150, 157 + Maritime boundaries, and, 251 + Mexican Air Force, 129 + Nicaragua, relations with, 153, 156, + 165, 170, 172 + Puerto Rico, relations with, 160 + Trade relations, and, 157, 168, + 171, 173 + United Nations Security Council, + member of, 85, 169 + + MFN. See + Most Favored Nation status + Michel, Robert, 114 + Middle East, 47, + 86, 140, 175, 181, 184: + Oil, and, 77, + 154, 156 + Peace plan, 3, + 165, 335 + + MIG, 262, 263: + MIG-23 fighter aircraft, 36, 38, + 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, 56, + 67 + + Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (1962), + 117, 125 + Military Assistance Advisory Group, 224, 378 + Military Assistance Program, 78, 365 + Miller, George William, 164, 178, 236 + Minerals and metals, 260 + Mondale, Walter, 40, + 79, 98, 130, 131, 139, 164, 165, 184, 190, 282: + Cuban refugees, and, 96, 97 + Lopez Portillo, Jose, meeting with, + 138 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 67 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 324 + + Mongolia, 67 + Moore, Frank, 120, + 121 + Moose, Richard, Jr., 29, 32 + Morales, Claudio Rodriques, 40, 42 + Morocco, 16, 25 + Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 8, 21, 26, 74, 79 + Multilateral development bank, 200 + Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 135, 149, 150, 152, 156, 157 + Munroe, Trevor St. George, 200, 323 + Murphy, Daniel, 190, 212, 324 + Muskie, Edmund, 107, 124, 264, 271, 375: + Cuban refugees, and, 111, 112, + 127 + Salomon, Georges, meeting with, 266 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 110 + + + Nairobi, 175 + NAM. See + Non-Aligned Movement + Namibia, 41, 86, 140, 156, 214, 275, 336: + Angola, and, 37 + National independence, 22, 80 + South West Africa People’s + Organization, and, 31 + United Nations Security Council, and, + 44 + + Narcotics control, 22, 129, 366, 379: + Bahamas, The and, 251, 259 + Cocaine, 136 + Drug interdiction, 129, 136 + Haiti and, 266 + Lopez-Portillo administration + (1976–1982), 129 + U.S.-Mexico relations, 129, 130, + 133, 135, 136, 157 + + National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 173, 288: + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), and, 293 + + National independence: + Dominica, 299, 300, 303, 309, + 310, 322, 347, 349 + Puerto Rico, 12, 18, 41, 86, + 160, 189, 195, 278 + Saint Kitts and Nevis, 310, 347, + 349 + Saint Lucia, 300, 310, 312, 347, + 349 + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 310, 329, + 349 + Suriname, 334, 339, 340 + Trinidad and Tobago, 341 + United Nations role in, 12, 275, + 310 + West Indies Associated States, 309, 347, + 349, 355 + + National liberation movements, 32, 200 + National Science Foundation, 152 + National Security Agency (NSA), 34, 54, 57, 58, 67, 99, 339 + National Security Council (NSC), 90, 99, 114, 146, 207, 254, 259, 339, 364: + Caribbean policy, and, 122, 174, + 191, 239, 284, 285, 313, + 318, 346, 348, 350, 351, + 353, 362, 363, 366, 370, + 373, 375, 378 + Covert actions, 211 + Intelligence collection, and, 55, 142 + Jamaica-Cuba relations, and, 201, 202, + 203 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 102, 106 + Meeting minutes, 74 + Prisoner release, and, 33 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, response to, + 34, 50, 56, 61, 65, 74, 79 + U.S.-Cuba relations, views on, 7, 9, 19, 20, + 30, 48, 55, 84, 108 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 314, 321, + 326 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 132, 134, + 144, 149, 150, 153, 167 + + NATO. See + North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + Natural gas negotiations (1979): + Canada impact on, 149, 150, 151, 157, + 161 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, + 149, 150, 151, 155, 157, + 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, + 164, 165 + Department of Energy and, 134, 143, + 150, 155, 162 + Lopez Portillo, Jose and, 137, 143, + 151, 155, 159, 162, 163 + Mexican Petroleum, Inc. and, 137, 141, + 145, 147, 150, 151, 157, + 162, 164 + U.S.-Mexico relations, impact on, 132, 137, + 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, + 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, + 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, + 163, 164, 171 + + Nava, Julian, 171, + 172 + NBC. See + National Broadcasting + Company + Negroponte, John, 157 + Netherlands, 104, + 349, 358, + 361, 364: + Caribbean, role in, 180, 350, + 351, 353, 354 + Suriname, relations with, 334, 335, + 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, + 370 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 344, 345 + + Netherlands Antilles, 370 + New international economic order, 177, 198, 200, 340 + New Jewel Movement, 200, 359, 367, 368: + Bishop, Maurice and, 51, 313 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + relations with, 314, 315, 324, + 360 + + Newsom, David, 167, + 213, 314, + 318, 328, + 331, 344, + 357: + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, and, 60, 62, + 63, 64, 65, 72, 119 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 38, 55, 61, + 199, 212, 324 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 33, 36, + 37, 40, 93, 94, 96 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 210 + + New York Times, 24, 41, 67, 72, 79, 87, 90, 92, 101, 141, 218, 269, 270, 275 + New Zealand, 156 + Nicaragua, 239, + 257, 270, + 286, 296, + 367: + Cuba, relations with, 51, 52, + 80, 84, 85, 86, 170, 370 + Economic Support Fund, recipient of, + 78, 363, 365 + Mexico, relations with, 153, 156, + 165, 170, 172 + Organization of American States, and, + 340, 341 + Public Law 480 (1954), 192 + Venezuela, relations with, 156 + + Nigeria, 272 + Nimetz, Matthew, 16, + 156, 157, + 158, 346: + Caribbean policy, and, 262, 375, + 378 + Memorandum prepared by, 148 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 152, 155, 379 + + Nivar Seijas, Neit, 217, 224, 226, 231, 234, 235, 236 + Nixon, Richard, 36, + 241 + Nolan, Richard, 25, + 26, 44 + Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 85, 323, 327: + Castro, Fidel, relations with, 29, 49, + 83 + Non-Aligned Movement Summit (1979), + 53, 64, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73, + 75, 76, 80, 81, 84, 164, 318, + 367 + Suriname member of, 342 + United States, relations with, 31, 32, + 42, 55, 76, 81, 86, 272 + + Nongovernmental organizations, 358 + Noriega, Manuel, 45 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), + 32, 44, 73, 76, 111, 364 + North Korea, 285 + North-South issues, 131, 151, 153, 184, 239, 266, 285 + Norway, 184 + NPT. See + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NSA. See + National Security Agency + NSC. See + National Security Council + Nunn, Sam, 74, 78, 79 + Nyerere, Julius, 189, 275 + + Oberdorfer, Don, 72 + Occidental Petroleum Corporation, 336 + Odlum, George William, 300 + Odom, William, 74, + 104, 122, + 375: + Memorandum prepared by, 34, 48, + 50, 56 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 61 + + O’Donohue, Daniel, 60, 379 + Oduber, Daniel, 239 + Office for Trade Negotiations, 152 + Office of Management and Budget, 6, 97, 114, 174, 250, 351, 375, 379: + Caribbean policy, views on, 78, 319, + 353, 354, 363, 378 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 150, 155 + + Oil, 22, 32, 132, 147, 171, 342, 368 (see also + Natural gas negotiations (1979)): + Inflation, impact on, 130 + Japan and, 150, 155, 157, 165 + Middle East and, 77, 154, 156 + Oil prices, 151, 156, 159, 161, + 162, 164, 165, 335, 341, + 365, 376 + + Olympic Games (1980), 85, 86 + O’Mahony, Joseph, 341 + Organization of African Unity, 44, 156 + Organization of American States, 52, 140, 247, 257, 299, 305, 310, 323, 378: + Caribbean, role in, 172, 175, + 215, 228, 299, 310 + Castro, Fidel, relations with, 12 + Election observer, 229, 235 + Grenada, and, 218, 219, 244, 297, + 298, 301, 304, 318, 336, + 349 + Human rights, and, 219, 228, 249, 252, + 336 + Mariel boatlift (1980), response to, + 89, 108, 116, 118 + Mediation efforts in Nicaragua, 156, 340, + 341 + Nicaragua and, 340, 341 + Suriname admission to, 334, 335, + 343 + Trade relations, and, 32, 131 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 18, 76 + + Organization of the Petroleum Exporting + Countries, 32, 151, 161, 165: + Developed countries, relations with, + 171 + + Ortiz, Francis, 274, 297, 303, 309, 310, 350, 355: + Bishop, Maurice, meeting with, 313, 314, + 317 + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 311, 323, + 360 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 200, 304, + 316, 318 + + Ostrander, Nancy, 343, 345 + Overflight. See + Overflight + under + U.S.-Cuba relations + Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 175, 176, 184, 303, 332, 358, 378 + Owen, David, 336 + Owen, Henry, 78, + 122, 164, + 165, 200, + 378: + Caribbean policy, views on, 363, 365, + 370, 374 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 152, 155, 371 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 62 + + Owen, Roberts Bishop, 88 + Oxman, Stephen, 226, 340 + + Padron, Jose Luis, 83, 84, 86: + Mariel boatlift (1980), and, 100 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 33, 39, + 47, 75, 103, 127 + + Pahlavi, Farah Diba, 166 + Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza, 167, 170: + Medical treatment, 166 + + Palestine, 165 + Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 175, 266, 335 + Palme, Olof, 24 + Palmieri, Victor, 93, 94, 96, + 97, 101, 110, 115 + Panama, 12, 86, 131, 153, 227, 228, 229, 230, 334: + Cuban refugees, related to, 110, 111 + Cuba, relations with, 45, 51, + 80, 84 + Panama Canal, 22, 49, 156, 165 + + Panama Canal Treaty (1977), 84, 135, 175, 246, 252, 305, 340, 351: + Latin America response to, 219, 247, + 281, 304 + Treaty ratification, 18, 19, + 62, 80, 165, 283 + + Pan-American Games (1979), 47 + Pan American World Airways, 247, 251 + Pastor, Robert, 102, 114, 119, 130, 131, 156, 157, 165, 178, 184, 219, 247, 304, 305, 333: + Castro, Fidel, meeting with, 41, 86 + Coard, Winston Bernard, meeting with, + 323 + Forde, Henry, meeting with, 323 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 200, 201 + Mann, Laurence, meeting with, 283 + Memorandum prepared by, 7, 11, 39, 52, + 122, 134, 149, 174, 191, + 202, 203, 209, 211, 239, + 262, 284, 314, 318, 321, + 326, 348, 362, 363, 366, + 370, 375, 378 + Natural gas negotiations (1979), views + on, 162 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 19, 152, + 155, 379 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 38, 55, 89, + 110, 212, 313 + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations, and, + 257, 263 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 85, 94, + 97, 105, 108, 120, 126 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 186, 200, + 210 + + Patten, Edward, 44 + Patterson, Percival, 176, 184, 189, 194, 210: + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 175 + + Peace Corps, 200, + 244, 314, + 322, 332, + 373 + Pell, Claiborne, 15 + PEMEX. See + Mexican Petroleum, Inc. + Pena Gomez, Jose Francisco, 218, 222, 256: + Todman, Terence, meeting with, 217 + + Peoli, Isidoro Malmierca, 15 + People’s Temple of the Disciples of Christ, + 10, 290: + Blacken, John Dale report on, 280, 295 + Department of State and, 282, 287, + 289, 292, 295 + Government of Guyana, relations with, + 276, 280, 287, 288, 291, + 292, 293, 295 + Guyana, immigrant to, 276, 282, + 295 + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), 289, 291, 293, 294 + + Perez, Carlos Andres, 16, 200, 301: + Caribbean policy, and, 156, 184, + 228, 229, 353 + Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 180 + + Perito, Robert, 77 + Persian Gulf, 154 + Peru, 239, 273: + Cuban refugees, related to, 89, 90, + 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 101 + + Petroleum and natural gas (see also + Natural gas negotiations (1979)): + National security interests, 149, 154 + Prices, 86, + 137, 141, 150, 151, 155, + 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, + 165 + + Pezzullo, Lawrence, 368 + Philippines, 247 + Pierce, David, 298, + 303, 306 + Pindling, Lynden Oscar, 251, 254, 259, 262, 263: + Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 247 + Todman, Terence, meeting with, 247, 251 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 247 + + PLO. See + Palestine Liberation + Organization + Poats, Rutherford, 149, 153, 155, 363, 375 + Policy Review Committee (PRC), 9, 74, 96, 98, 331, 348, 375, 378: + Caribbean policy, and, 332 + Meetings, 8, + 19, 67, 72, 92, 93, 94, 152, + 371, 379 + U.S.-Cuba relations, 6, 7 + U.S.-Mexico relations, 144, 152, + 155 + + Political prisoners, 86, 133, 164: + Cuba, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, + 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, + 35, 37, 41, 47, 85, 86, 97, + 103, 114, 116, 118, 131, + 340 + Grenada, 318, 319, 332 + Haiti, 248, + 252, 253, 266, 268 + Prisoner release, 31, 33, 39, 40, + 42, 44, 84, 123, 126, 269 + United States, 41, 44 + + Porson, Sophia, 246, 257 + Porter, Bruce, 300 + Port Kaituma, 276, + 287, 293 + Portugal, 217, 247 + Poverty, 86 + Powell, Joseph, 72, + 74, 78, 90, 156, 157 + PRC. See + Policy Review Committee + Presidential Review Committee, 150 + Press, Frank, 152, + 318 + Price, George, 184, + 307 + Private investment: + Caribbean recipient of, 358, 372, + 377 + Guyana, 286 + Haiti, 253, + 256, 260, 266, 267, 268 + Jamaica, 175, 179, 184, 188, + 196, 198, 200, 201, 215, + 216, 358, 371 + + Private sector, 130, 175, 368, 376: + Trinidad and Tobago, 341, 358 + + Private voluntary organizations, 372: + Grenada, 332 + + Public Law 480 (1954), 247, 252, 356: + Foreign aid, 180, 192, 250, 256, + 336 + Guyana, 277 + Haiti, 252, + 253, 255, 256, 257, 260, + 266, 271, 376 + Nicaragua, 192 + PL 480 Title III, 250, 252, 253, 255, + 256, 257, 260, 266, 271, + 376 + PL 480 Title I, 252, 255, 256, 277 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + 238, 240 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, 180, 192, + 193, 210, 336 + + Puerto Rico, 47, + 167, 200, + 370: + Mexico, relations with, 160 + National independence, 12, 18, + 41, 86, 160, 189, 195, + 278 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 6, 8, 9, 13, 33, 41, + 44, 76, 81, 85, 108, 335 + U.S. military bases, location of, 309, 364, + 374, 375 + + Pustay, John, 55, + 61, 89, 110, 205, 212, 324 + + Radio Free Cuba, 112 + Radix, Kendrick, 330 + Rattray, Alfred, 175, 184, 192, 200, 210 + Ravales, Robin, 345 + Reagan, Ronald, 49, + 123, 173, + 270 + Reid, Ptolemy Alexander, 286, 291, 295 + Republican Party, 49, 84, 123, 163 + Resor, Stanley, 36, + 38, 43, 155 + Reuss, Henry, 27 + Revere Alumina, 175, 176, 184 + Rhodesia. See + Zimbabwe + Richmond, Frederick, 25, 26 + Rickert, Jonathan, 341 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” 15 + Robinson, Greg, 293 + Rodriguez, Carlos Rafael, 15, 83, 113, 123, 177: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + views on, 46 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 3, 25, 41, 86, + 110, 112 + + Rogers, William, 79 + Roldos, Jaime Aguilar, 76 + Romero, Carlos Humberto, 170 + Roper, Chris, 200 + Rowlands, Edward, 349, 360 + Ruimveld, Edward, 346 + Rusk, Dean, 79 + Ryan, Leo Joseph, Jr.: + Homicide, 289, 291, 293 + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), and, 289, 290, 291, + 293 + Jonestown, visit to, 287, 288 + + + Sadat, Anwar, 3, 165 + Saenz, Ricardo Garcia, 147, 156, 157 + Saint Kitts and Nevis, 278, 323, 358, 377: + National independence, 310, 347, + 349 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 300, 309, 355 + + Saint Lucia, 301, + 350, 363, + 367: + Cuba, and, 278, 327, 359 + National independence, 300, 310, + 312, 347, 349 + Regional security, and, 311, 323, + 333, 346, 358, 365, 366 + St. Lucia Labor Party, 300, 368 + United States, relations with, 312, 373, + 377 + United Workers Party, 300, 368 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 309, 355 + + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 318, 323, 347, 359, 368, 377: + National independence, 310, 329, + 349 + Regional security, and, 311, 333, + 346, 355, 358, 365, 366, + 373 + United States, relations with, 329 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 300, 309 + + Salomon, Georges, 244, 261, 269: + Muskie, Edmund, meeting with, 266 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 246, 257, + 258, 265, 270 + + SALT. See + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972) + SALT II (1979), 55, + 56, 62, 67, 72, 74, 78, 79, 80, 87, 140, 156, 165: + Treaty compliance, 90 + + Sanchez, Oscar Flores, 129, 136, 156, 157 + Sanchez-Parodi Montoto, Ramon, 15, 24, 25, 331 + Sanders, Edward, 150, 212 + Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, + Frente Sandinista de Liberación + Nacional), 45, 51, 52, 84, 172, 340: + Castro, Fidel, relations with, 45 + + Sapia-Bosch, Alfonso, 200 + Saudi Arabia, 32, + 148, 149, + 150, 243, + 335 + Saunders, Hal, 26, + 185 + Savimbi, Jonas, 29, + 30 + Scarborough, Robert, 110 + SCC. See + Special Coordination + Committee + Schecter, Jerrold, 72, 164, 165 + Schlesinger, James, 151, 155, 161: + Energy policy, and, 145, 149, + 154 + Natural gas negotiations (1979), views + on, 150, 159 + + Schneider, Mark, 217, 223, 250 + Schuller, Gordon, 89, 205, 308, 371 + Schwartz, William, 247, 251, 259, 262 + Scowcroft, Brent, 79 + Seaga, Edward Philip George, 193, 208, 209, 216: + Jamaica-Cuba relations, views on, 190, 191, + 200, 373 + Jamaica Labour Party, and, 178, 197, + 202, 206 + United States, relations with, 181, 187, + 194, 198, 202, 205, 207, + 211, 214, 215 + + Security assistance, 79, 81, 264, 307, 311, 365 + Seitz, Raymond “Ray,” 169 + Senegal, 243 + Seraphin, Oliver, 322 + Shah, Mohammed Zahir, 323 + Shankle, Arthur, 259 + Shelton, Sally Angela, 236, 249, 254, 305, 332: + U.S.-Barbados relations, and, 308, 323, + 327, 333 + + Shinn, William, 63 + Shrimp Convention (1958), 15 + Shulman, Marshall, 61, 63, 77 + Silins, Ints, 258, + 270 + Sistema Economica Latinoamericano y el + Caribe, 131 + Slocombe, Walter, 61, 65, 150 + Smith, Carl, 70 + Smith, Wayne, 24, + 39, 80, 89, 111, 127: + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 25, 118, + 123 + U.S. Interests Section, Havana, role + in, 64, 66, 71, 75, 82, 83, 95, + 100, 103, 105, 112, 113 + + Smith, William Y., 8, + 19, 29, 38, 152, 155, 324 + Socarras, Carlos Prio, 4, 84 + Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD, Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), + 200, 209 + Solid Shield 80 (1980), 97, 102 + Solomon, Anthony Morton, 8, 184 + Somalia, 24, 31, 44, 85 + Somoza Debayle, Anastasio, 45, 52, 84, 153, 156, 165, 257, 286 + South Africa, 32, + 41, 177, 336, 342: + Angola, and, 3, 22, 31, 41, 80, 86, + 275 + Apartheid, 44, 175, 275, 340 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 185 + + South America, 358 + Southern Africa, 28, + 37, 177, 278: + France role in, 16, 22, 32, 200, + 275 + United Kingdom role in, 31, 175, + 275, 336 + + South Korea, 140, + 156 + Southwell, Caleb Azariah Paul, 358 + South West Africa People’s Organization + (SWAPO), 31 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, 58, 59, 70, 119: + Carter administration (1977–1981) + response to, 50, 61, 62, 65, 67, + 68, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 79, + 85, 200, 262, 263, 367 + Castro, Fidel and, 54, 67, 69, 71, + 80, 84 + Central Intelligence Agency and, 36, 38, + 48, 54, 61, 67, 72, 74, 87 + Department of Defense response to, + 55, 57, 65, 87, 97 + Department of State response to, 36, 61, + 65, 67, 74, 87 + National Security Council response to, + 34, 50, 56, 61, 65, 74, 79 + U.S. Congress and, 60, 61, 62, 63, + 79 + U.S.-Cuba relations, impact on, 60, 61, + 62, 63, 64, 66, 71, 74, 75, + 76, 80 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 38, 40, 61, 62, 63, 67, 73, + 74, 78, 79 + Vance, Cyrus response to, 68, 78 + + Soviet Union, 21, + 140, 150, + 191, 213, + 240, 294, + 335, 364 + (see also + Cuba-Soviet Union relations; Soviet brigade in Cuba; U.S.-Soviet Union relations): + Caribbean, role in, 8, 131, 278, 296, + 305, 307, 315, 348, 355 + China, relations with, 156 + Guyana, relations with, 272, 273, + 274, 279, 285 + Jamaica, relations with, 196, 197, + 210, 211, 215 + Military assistance and sales, 40, 138, + 348, 355 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 85, 86, 101, 169, 170 + Venezuela, relations with, 51 + Western Hemisphere, role in, 200 + West Germany, relations with, 77, 111 + + Spain, 32, 90, 92, 95, 156, 247, 286 + SPD. See + Social Democratic Party of + Germany + Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 28, 109, 197, 318, 320, 364, 375: + Intelligence operations and, 91, 199, + 206, 211, 212, 328 + Mariel boatlift (1980), views on, 90, 111 + Meetings, 29, + 38, 55, 61, 87, 89, 102, 110, + 114, 115, 118, 120, 205, + 212, 313, 319, 324 + + Speier, Jackie, 287, 293 + Stapleton, Ruth Carter, 10 + Stedman, William, Jr., 18, 25, 180, 303 + Stein, John, 190 + Stevenson, Adlai E. III, 77 + Stimpson, Thomas, 175 + Stoen, John Victor, 280, 289, 292, 295 + Stoen, Timothy, 280, 289, 295 + Stone, Richard Bernard, 56, 60: + U.S.-Cuba relations, views on, 15, 55, + 61, 62, 65, 67, 74 + + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), + 78, 140, 156: + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 32, 47, 49, 55, 72, 79 + U.S. Congress impact on, 38, 56, + 62, 67, 74, 80, 87, 165 + + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (1972) + (SALT), 19, 43 + Strauss, Robert, 150, 152, 351 + Sugar, 255, 272, 275, 281, 286: + Caribbean policy, and, 341, 348, + 354, 367, 368 + Dominican Republic, and, 237 + Haiti, and, 268, 269 + International Sugar Agreement (1977), + 219, 220 + Jamaica-Cuba relations, role in, 3, 175, + 203 + U.S.-Cuba relations, role in, 5, 8, 12, 13, + 14, 16, 18, 21 + + Suriname, 205, 351, 353, 376, 377: + Aluminum, 334, 340, 342, 344 + Bauxite and, 334, 335, 340 + Brazil, relations with, 335, 338, + 342, 343 + Coup, 343, + 344, 345 + Cuba, relations with, 340, 342, + 345, 346 + Development aid, recipient of, 340, 342, + 344 + Foreign aid, 334, 342, 345 + France, diplomatic relations with, + 335 + Guyana, relations with, 334, 335, + 339, 340 + National independence, 334, 339, + 340 + Nationalist Republican Party, + Suriname, 339, 343 + National Military Council, Suriname, + 343, 344, 345 + Netherlands, relations with, 334, 335, + 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, + 370 + Non-Aligned Movement, member of, 342 + Organization of American States, + admission to, 334, 335, 343 + Peoples’ National Party, Jamaica and + Suriname, 185, 189 + Political stability, 339, 346 + Progressive Reform Party of Suriname, + 334, 339 + Todman, Terence visit to, 338 + + Svendsen, Eric, 160 + SWAPO. See + South West Africa People’s + Organization + Sweden, 171, 341 + Syria, 335 + + Taher, Daniel, 176 + Tanzania, 189, 313 + Tarnoff, Peter, 32, + 33, 37, 120, 127, 164, 188, 281: + Caribbean policy, and, 354, 373 + Castro, Fidel, meeting with, 41, 85, + 86, 124 + Memorandum for the Record prepared by, + 47, 123 + Memorandum prepared by, 35, 108, + 180, 259, 376 + + Tax evasion, 251 + Taylor, Rush Walker, Jr., 247, 251 + Technology transfer, 79, 335, 337 + Territorial sea limit, 109 + Terrorism, 175, + 218, 274: + Anti-terrorism measures, 4, 8, 11, 88, + 107 + U.S.-Cuba relations, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, + 19, 21, 22, 35, 37, 42, 82, + 86, 88 + + Thatcher, Margaret, 49 + Third World. See + Developing countries + Thomson, James, 366 + Thornton, Thomas, 8 + Thyden, James, 175, + 297 + Tighe, Eugene, 55 + TIME magazine, 268 + Todman, Terence, 1, + 130, 131, + 178, 219, + 246, 305, + 336: + Arron, Henck A. E., meeting with, 335 + Caribbean policy, role in, 3, 184, + 244, 286, 303, 307, 308, + 353 + Garcia, Santiago Roel, meeting with, + 137 + Memorandum prepared by, 4, 15, 17, 137, + 176, 250, 337, 354 + Patterson, Percival, meeting with, + 175 + Pena Gomez, Jose Francisco, meeting + with, 217 + Pindling, Lynden Oscar, meeting with, + 247, 251 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 19 + Suriname, visit to, 338 + U.S.-Cuba relations, views on, 11, 14, + 24 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 220, 221 + U.S.-Grenada relations, and, 301, 304 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 275 + + Ton Ton Macoutes, 248, 252: + Duvalier, Jean-Claude, relations with, + 243 + + Torras, Pelegrin, 9, + 15, 64, 66 + Torre, Ernesto de la, 49 + Torrijos Herrera, Omar, 80, 84, 200, 229, 239 + Tourism, 16, 85, 130, 157, 172: + Bahamas, The and, 247, 251 + Barbados and, 333 + Jamaica and, 175, 178, 184, 196, + 200 + + Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons + in Latin America (1967), 18, 31, 131, 139, 140, 156, 158 + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear + Weapons (1968) (NPT), 18 + Trinidad and Tobago, 172, 301, 314, 332, 335, 354, 360, 366 (see + also + U.S.-Trinidad relations): + Caribbean, role in, 197, 311, + 318, 319, 351, 364, 367 + Foreign policy, 184, 296, 315, 323, + 341 + International Monetary Fund, and, 353 + Jamaica, relations with, 180, 336, + 349 + National independence, 341 + Petroleum and natural gas, 336, 337, + 341, 348, 368, 376 + Private sector, 341, 358 + West Indies Associated States, member + of, 309 + + Trudeau, Pierre, 32, + 281 + Trujillo, Rafael, 221, 224 + Tuchman, Jessica, 174, 230 + Tumminia, Frank, 275, 280, 282, 295, 349 + Tuna, 157 + Tur, Juan, 40, 42 + Turkey, 247 + Turks and Caicos Islands, 308, 349, 364 + Turner, Stansfield, 72, 78, 111, 181, 211, 320, 331, 367, 368: + Memorandum prepared by, 46, 69, + 190, 202 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 19, 67, + 152, 155 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 29, 38, 55, + 110, 199, 212, 324 + + Twaddell, William, 16, 175, 275, 301, 336 + + UFO (unidentified flying object), 304 + UN. See + United Nations + Undocumented workers, 268: + Human rights violations, 142, 164 + U.S.-Mexico relations, 128, 130, + 133, 135, 146, 149, 150, + 152, 157 + + United Kingdom, 104, 156, 237, 286, 299, 303, 316: + Barbados, relations with, 302, 305, + 307, 333, 366 + British Virgin Islands, 309 + Caribbean, role in, 78, 207, 209, 212, + 262, 278, 314, 318, 319, + 324, 348, 349, 350, 351, + 353, 354, 355, 360, 361, + 364, 365, 366, 368, 373, + 374, 375, 376, 379 + Cuba, relations with, 32 + Mariel boatlift (1980), and, 109, 110 + Southern Africa, role in, 31, 175, + 275, 336 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 43, 148, 313, 315, 319, + 374 + West Indies Associated States, + relations with, 300, 301, 309, + 310 + + United Nations (UN), 116, 129, 175, 297, 299, 327: + Caribbean, and, 156, 301, 318, 341, + 379 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + and, 19, 90, 97, 108, 111, + 118, 153, 371 + Cuba participant in, 15, 41, + 169 + Energy policy, and, 153, 164, + 165, 171 + National independence, role in, 12, 275, + 310 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, response to, 169 + United Nations Conference on Trade and + Development, 76, 81, 189 + United Nations Development Programme, + 49 + United Nations Food and Agriculture + Organization, 184 + United Nations General Assembly, 22, 62, + 63, 80, 164, 169 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, 89 + United Nations Security Council, 76, 81, + 83, 85, 86, 101, 263 + United Nations Special Session on + Namibia (1978), 31 + United States Mission at the United + Nations, 2, 340 + + United States: + Anti-terrorism measures, 4, 8, 11, 88, + 107 + Caribbean Group for Cooperation in + Economic Development, participant in, 341, 354, 358, 367, + 376 + Caribbean, role in, 268, 278, + 284, 285, 298, 335, 349, + 350, 353, 356, 357, 362, + 363, 365 + China, relations with, 13, 21, + 44, 46, 47, 74, 76, 156, 278 + Covert actions, 23, 197, 199, 206, + 212, 320, 321, 324, 328 + Discrimination, and, 142 + Foreign aid, and, 269, 286, 298, 326, + 347, 352, 357, 363, 370, + 374, 377 + Foreign policy, and, 32, 40, + 47, 131, 156, 174, 335, + 365 + Horn of Africa, relations with, 28, 29, + 138, 283 + Intelligence collection, and, 91, 212 + Intelligence community, 34, 54, + 57, 59, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, + 87, 119, 142, 313 + Japan, diplomatic relations with, 8, 9, 11, 148 + National security interests, 56, 91, + 325, 328, 355, 372 + Non-Aligned Movement, relations with, + 31, 32, 42, 55, 76, 81, 86, + 272 + Political prisoners, 41, 44 + Saint Lucia, relations with, 312, 373, + 377 + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, + relations with, 329 + Seaga, Edward Philip George, relations + with, 181, 187, 194, 198, 202, + 205, 207, 211, 214, 215 + South Africa, diplomatic relations + with, 185 + State-controlled economies, relations + with, 122 + United Kingdom, diplomatic relations + with, 43, 148, 313, 315, 319, + 374 + United States Emergency Refugee and + Migration Assistance Fund, 117, + 125 + United States Information Agency, 178 + United States Mission at the United + Nations, 2, 77, 86, 90, 169, + 295, 305, 330 + United States Naval Construction + Battalions, 200, 374, 378, + 379 + U.S. Air Force, 104, 258, 304, 364 + U.S. Navy, 97, 104, 106, 111, + 112, 120, 126, 262, 308, + 355, 362, 364 + West Germany, diplomatic relations + with, 148, 212 + + Uruguay, 73, 174 + USAID. See + Agency for International + Development + U.S.-Bahamas, The, relations: + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 247, 251, 254, 259, 262, + 263, 346 + Department of Defense and, 247, 251, + 262 + Department of State views on, 251, 254 + Fishing rights, 247, 251, 254 + Law of the sea, 247, 251 + Maritime boundaries, 247, 251, + 254 + + U.S.-Barbados relations, 373, 375: + Adams, Jon Michael Geoffrey Manningham + “Tom” and, 305, 307, 368 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 333 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 298, 302, 305, 306, 307, + 308, 327, 333, 350, 362, + 367, 374 + Department of Defense and, 308, 318 + Naval forces, and, 302, 305, 306, 307, + 308, 311, 323, 327, 349, + 362, 364 + Ortiz, Francis and, 311, 323, + 360 + Shelton, Sally Angela and, 308, 323, + 327, 333 + + U.S.-Canadian Automotive Agreement (1965), + 149 + U.S. Congress, 91, + 123, 125, + 136, 157, + 172, 266, + 275, 279, + 328, 331, + 371: + Caribbean policy, role in, 303, 340, + 348, 368, 378, 379 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + relations with, 29, 60, 61, + 62, 63, 79, 90, 116, 333 + Department of State, relations with, + 13, 38 + Energy policy, and, 141, 143, + 145, 149, 150, 155 + Foreign aid, role in, 174, 176, + 177, 179, 180, 184, 200, + 240, 247, 257, 271, 277, + 336, 346, 354, 356, 365 + House Appropriations Committee, 175, 264 + House Foreign Affairs Committee, 3, 65 + Human rights, and, 133, 164, 218, 244, + 268 + Mariel boatlift (1980), and, 90, 94, + 96, 117, 118, 120 + Panama Canal Treaty (1977) and, 18, 19, + 80 + Senate Armed Services Committee, 55, 65 + Senate Foreign Relations Committee, + 13, 22, 65, 67, 257 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, and, 60, 61, + 62, 63, 79 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), impact on, 38, 56, 62, + 67, 74, 80, 87, 165 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 8, 11, 15, 17, + 18, 19, 25, 27, 38, 40, 56, + 65, 67, 74, 78, 79 + + U.S.-Cuba relations: + Brown, Harold and, 116 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 2, 33, 46, 72, + 80, 81, 84, 105, 106, 111, 113 + Canada and, 8, + 11 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 1, 2, + 3, 5, + 7, 8, + 9, 11, + 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, + 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, + 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, + 47, 49, 55, 56, 66, 69, 76, + 81, 85, 86, 95, 97, 100, 108, + 123, 131, 156, 175, 177, + 200, 335, 340 + Castro, Fidel views on, 2, 3, 13, 14, + 22, 41, 49, 80, 108, 114, 123, + 140 + Central America role in, 55, 85 + Central Intelligence Agency and, 8, 18, 89 + Coast Guard and, 37, 47 + Covert actions, 29, 91 + Cuban-American community impact on, + 4, 8, + 33, 35, 47, 76, 81, 92, 93, + 340 + Cuba-Soviet Union relations and, 13, 27, + 40, 47, 85 + Department of Commerce and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 81 + Department of Defense and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 29, 102, 106 + Department of State role in, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 19, + 20, 41, 55, 84, 116 + Department of the Treasury and, 7, 8, 19, 20, + 81 + Family reunification, 4, 13, 14, 15, + 18, 20, 31, 35, 44, 115 + Fishing rights, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 42, 335 + Guantanamo Bay Naval Base role in, + 3, 5, + 6, 12, + 18, 25, 41, 74, 105, 108, 111, + 114, 120 + Gulf-Ex Naval Exercise, 41 + Investment disputes and property + expropriations, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 19, 21, + 35, 44 + Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 19, 20, + 74, 97 + Mariel boatlift (1980) impact on, 101, 103, + 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, + 111, 112, 114, 116, 121, + 123, 124, 127, 131, 172 + National Security Council views on, + 7, 9, + 19, 20, 30, 48, 55, 84, 108 + Normalization, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, + 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, + 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 41, + 44, 63, 80, 84, 85, 86, 120, + 140, 172, 175, 200, 335, + 336 + Organization of American States role + in, 18, 76 + Overflight, 1, + 12, 14, 18, 22, 28, 29, 41, + 42, 44, 74, 78, 80, 87, 108, + 112, 113, 115 + Padron, Jose Luis and, 33, 39, + 47, 75, 103, 127 + Policy Review Committee, 6, 7 + Presidential Directive on, 9, 11, 81, 117, + 125 + Puerto Rico role in, 6, 8, 9, 13, 33, 41, + 44, 76, 81, 85, 108, 335 + Rodriguez, Carlos Rafael and, 3, 25, 41, 86, + 110, 112 + Smith, Wayne and, 25, 118, 123 + Solid Shield 80 (1980), 97, 102 + Soviet brigade in Cuba impact on, 60, 61, + 62, 63, 64, 66, 71, 74, 75, + 76, 80 + Sugar role in, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, + 18, 21 + Terrorism, 4, + 6, 7, + 8, 9, + 11, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 35, + 37, 42, 82, 86, 88 + U.S. Congress and, 8, 11, 15, 17, + 18, 19, 25, 27, 38, 40, 56, + 65, 67, 74, 78, 79 + U.S.-Cuba Hijacking Agreement (1973), + 1, 3, + 4, 5, + 6, 7, + 8, 9, + 11, 12, 13, 14, 82, 335 + U.S. Interests Section, Havana, 8, 9, 11, 15, + 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, + 28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 42, 44, + 47, 60, 64, 66, 71, 75, 82, + 83, 95, 100, 101, 103, + 105, 108, 110, 112, 113, + 114, 118, 124, 127, 156, + 171, 172, 340 + U.S. presidential election (1980) and, + 123, 124 + Vance, Cyrus and, 1, 7, 11, 24, 25, 43, + 46 + + USDA. See + Department of Agriculture + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, 44, 200, 273: + Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín and, 16, 218, + 220, 236 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 219 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, + 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, + 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, + 238, 240 + Fernandez, Antonio Guzman and, 224, 235, + 236 + Jiménez Reyes, Ramón Emilio and, 218, 220, + 240 + Public Law 480 (1954), 238, 240 + Vance, Cyrus and, 226, 227, 230, 236, + 238, 239 + Young, Andrew and, 219, 238, 239 + + U.S.-Dominica relations, 303: + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 299, 310 + + U.S.-Grenada relations: + Arms sales, 316, 317, 318 + Bishop, Maurice and, 189, 314, + 319, 323, 360, 367, 371 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 304, 326 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 297, 301, 304, 313, 314, + 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, + 320, 321, 324, 326, 328, + 330, 331, 332, 360, 361, + 362, 363, 371 + Department of State and, 313, 319, + 324, 330, 371 + International military education and + training, 332 + National Security Council and, 314, 321, + 326 + Ortiz, Francis and, 200, 304, + 316, 318 + + U.S.-Guyana relations: + Blacken, John Dale and, 274, 278 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 281, 284 + Burke, John and, 285, 287, 288, 296 + Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson and, + 273, 274, 275, 277, 279, + 281, 283, 284, 285, 360 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, + 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, + 285, 286, 296, 350, 351 + Cubana Flight 455 bombing (1976) + impact on, 272, 273, 274, + 275, 295 + Department of State and, 272, 273, + 274, 275, 284 + Wills, Frederick and, 273, 277, + 278 + Young, Andrew and, 279 + + U.S.-Haiti relations, 240, 241, 271: + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, + 249, 252, 253, 255, 256, + 257, 260, 261, 264, 266, + 267, 268, 269, 270 + Department of State and, 258, 261 + Duvalier, Jean-Claude impact on, 243, 244, + 246, 252, 257, 260, 269 + Jones, William Bowdoin and, 246, 249, + 255, 257, 260, 261 + Munition licenses, 258, 261 + Salomon, Georges and, 246, 257, + 258, 265, 270 + U.S. presidential election (1980) + impact on, 270 + Young, Andrew and, 246, 252 + + U.S.-Jamaica relations, 182, 204, 207: + Bauxite impact on, 175, 176, 184, 186, + 200, 348 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 179, 184, + 199, 203 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, + 181, 183, 184, 185, 187, + 188, 191, 193, 194, 195, + 196, 197, 199, 200, 205, + 210, 214, 340, 350, 371 + Carter, Jimmy views on, 193, 199 + Central Intelligence Agency and, 181, 185, + 186, 189, 191, 198, 199, + 200, 201, 205, 209, 210, + 211, 213, 214, 368 + Covert actions, 197, 198, 199, 206, + 211, 212 + Department of State and, 184, 188, + 194, 195, 196, 199, 201, + 202, 203 + Development aid, 180 + Manley, Michael and, 175, 187, + 193, 194, 196, 198, 203, + 207, 210, 349, 368, 371 + Public Law 480 (1954), 180, 192, + 193, 210, 336 + Revere Alumina and, 175, 176, + 184 + The Daily + Gleaner, 185, 189, 191, + 198, 200, 210, 211, 323, + 373 + Trade relations, 175, 200 + Young, Andrew and, 175, 200, 202, 207 + + U.S.-Mexico relations: + Border administration, 133, 135, + 148, 149, 150, 152, 157 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew and, 130, 131, + 133, 144, 146, 156, 157, + 164, 165 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 139, 142, 144, 149, 150, + 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, + 158, 163, 164, 167, 168 + Department of the Treasury and, 128, 134, + 135, 152 + Export-Import Bank of the United + States and, 132, 150 + Lopez-Portillo administration + (1976–1982) and, 146, 157 + Lopez Portillo, Jose views on, 128, 132, + 146, 147, 149, 152, 153, + 158 + Multilateral Trade Negotiations, 135, 149, + 150, 152, 156, 157 + Narcotics control, 129, 130, 133, 135, + 136, 157 + National Security Council and, 132, 134, + 144, 149, 150, 153, 167 + Natural gas negotiations (1979) impact + on, 132, 137, 141, 143, 144, + 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, + 151, 154, 155, 157, 158, + 159, 161, 163, 164, 171 + Office of Management and Budget and, + 150, 155 + Policy Review Committee, 144, 152, + 155 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 173 + Science and technology, 152, 157 + Trade deficit, 128, 130, 131, 132, + 133, 135, 141, 144, 146, + 150, 156 + Undocumented workers, 128, 130, + 133, 135, 146, 149, 150, + 152, 157 + U.S.-Mexican Agreement for Scientific + and Technical Cooperation (1972), 152 + U.S.-Mexican Development Fund, 135 + U.S. presidential election (1980), + and, 173 + Vance, Cyrus and, 134, 135, 136, 149 + + U.S.-NATO relations, 8, 9, 11, 32, 55, + 73, 76, 104, 165 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 44, 51: + Carter administration (1977–1981), + and, 2, 16, + 22, 38, 40, 44, 51, 61, 62, + 81, 138 + Department of State and, 43, 81 + Horn of Africa and, 138, 200 + International relations, impact on, + 86 + Soviet brigade in Cuba impact on, 38, 40, + 61, 62, 63, 67, 73, 74, 78, + 79 + Vance, Cyrus and, 50, 72 + Vienna Summit (June 1979), 50, 55 + + U.S.-Suriname relations: + Aluminum, and, 334, 340, 342, 344 + Arron, Henck A. E. and, 338, 342 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 334, 335, 338, 339, 340, + 342, 343, 344, 345, 346 + International military education and + training, 346 + + U.S.-Trinidad relations: + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 336, 337, 341 + Economic affairs, and, 337, 341 + Liquid natural gas, and, 336, 337, + 341 + Williams, Eric and, 337, 341 + + + Vaky, Viron, 156, + 157, 158, + 164, 165, + 237, 286, + 318, 331: + Arron, Henck A. E., meeting with, 340 + Caribbean policy, and, 239, 314, + 327, 357, 362, 368 + Memorandum prepared by, 290, 292, + 315, 322, 361 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 152, 371 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 55 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 198, 200 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 149 + + Valdez, Abelardo, 152, 257, 286 + Valme, Jean, 245, + 248, 269, + 270 + Vance, Cyrus, 32, + 63, 86, 160, 169, 192, 199, 204, 225, 242, 258, 261, 332, 345: + Arron, Henck A. E., meeting with, 335 + Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín, meeting + with, 218, 219 + Brown, Harold, correspondence with, + 154 + Brutus, Edner, meeting with, 246 + Caribbean policy, and, 323, 361, + 368 + Carter, Jimmy, correspondence with, + 14, 33, 62, 76, 85, 151, 159, + 365 + Cuban refugees, and, 96 + Gairy, Eric, meeting with, 301, 304 + Garcia, Santiago Roel, meeting with, + 140 + Karamat, Roel, meeting with, 342 + Lopez Portillo, Jose, meeting with, + 130, 156, 157, 164, 165 + Manley, Michael, meeting with, 184 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 74 + Patterson, Percival, meeting with, + 175 + Pindling, Lynden Oscar, meeting with, + 247 + Policy Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 8, 67 + Presidential Review Committee meeting, + participant in, 150 + Resignation, 98 + Soviet brigade in Cuba, response to, + 68, 78 + Special Coordination Committee + meeting, participant in, 29, 38, 55, + 61, 87 + U.S.-Cuba relations, and, 1, 7, 11, 24, + 25, 43, 46 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 226, 227, 230, 236, 238, + 239 + U.S.-Mexico relations, and, 134, 135, + 136, 149 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 50, 72 + Williams, Eric, meeting with, 336 + Wills, Frederick, meeting with, 275 + + Vance, Sheldon, 129 + Vander Jagt, Guy, 44 + Vasev, Vladilen, 63, + 70 + Venezuela, 150, + 239, 243, + 270, 301, + 318, 324: + Asylum policy, and, 101 + Caribbean, role in, 262, 278, + 335, 338, 343, 348, 349, + 350, 351, 353, 368 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + relations with, 12, 38, 319, + 332 + Election interference, response to, + 227, 228, 229, 230 + Energy policy, and, 171, 376 + Guyana, and, 272 + Jamaica, relations with, 175, 180, + 184, 205, 207, 216, 336 + Latin America, role in, 131, 140, + 219 + Nicaragua, relations with, 156 + Soviet Union, relations with, 51 + + Vest, George, 32, + 38, 67 + Vietnam, 140, 200, 252: + Indochinese refugees, 86, 268 + + Visas, 93 + Voice of America, 82, 95, 102, 106, 371, 374 + Volkman, Ernest, 181 + Vorster, B.J., 177, + 275, 336 + + Waldheim, Kurt, 90, + 153, 169, + 340 + Wardally, James, 371 + Warne, W. Robert, 205, 258, 266, 270, 296, 343, 344: + Fernandez, Antonio Guzman, meeting + with, 240 + Memorandum prepared by, 343 + + Washington Post, 7, 24, 64, 68, 72, 87, 89, 148, 257, 264, 362: + Jonestown massacre (November 30, + 1978), and, 293 + + Watson, Barbara Mae, 289 + Watson, Jack, 98, + 102, 108 + Webster, William, 70 + Wells, William, 26 + Western Europe, 200 + West Germany, 150, + 171, 175, + 237, 269, + 270, 336: + Christian Democratic Union, 209, 211 + Cuba, relations with, 32 + Nuclear fuel reprocessing, and, 131 + Soviet Union, relations with, 77, 111 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 148, 212 + + West Indies Associated States, 315, 319: + Dominica member of, 355 + Grenada member of, 300, 309 + Jamaica member of, 309 + National independence, 309, 347, + 349, 355 + Saint Kitts and Nevis member of, 300, 309, + 355 + Saint Lucia member of, 309, 355 + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines + member of, 300, 309 + Trinidad and Tobago member of, 309 + United Kingdom, relations with, 300, 301, + 309, 310 + + Wheeler, William, 176, 277, 303 + White, John, 89, + 110, 114, + 152 + White, Robert, 270 + Whyte, Winston, 324, 328 + Wickham, Jr., John, 150 + Williams, Eric, 349, 358, 367: + Caribbean policy, and, 184, 197, + 301, 323, 341, 360 + U.S.-Trinidad relations, and, 337, 341 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 336 + + Wills, Frederick, 272, 274, 285, 305, 315: + People’s Temple of the Disciples of + Christ, views on, 276, 295 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 273, 277, + 278 + Vance, Cyrus, meeting with, 275 + + Wise, Phil, 158 + Witteveen, H. Johannes, 184 + Wolff, Alan, 152 + Wolf, Ira, 16 + Wolf, Louis, 210 + World Bank, 131, + 175, 184, + 216, 237, + 256, 338, + 340, 351, + 353, 358, + 376: + Caribbean Group for Cooperation in + Economic Development, and, 182, + 183, 318, 356, 357, 374, + 377 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + and, 130, 156, 240, 296, 318, + 342 + Developing countries, and, 150, 165, + 348, 354 + + + Yemen, 85 + Yost, Robert Lloyd, 226, 234, 238: + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 224, 235, 236, 237, 240 + + Young, Andrew, 217, + 220, 281, + 286: + Caribbean policy, and, 305, 353, + 354, 368 + Manley, Michael + meeting with, 200 + relations with, 181, + 184, 199 + + United Nations, representative to, + 2 + U.S.-Dominican Republic relations, + and, 219, 238, 239 + U.S.-Guyana relations, and, 279 + U.S.-Haiti relations, and, 246, 252 + U.S.-Jamaica relations, and, 175, 200, + 202, 207 + + Yugoslavia, 148, + 323 + + Zablocki, Clement, 15, 65 + Zaire. See + Congo (Kinshasa) + Zamora, Carlos, 82 + Zimbabwe, 31, 49, 175, 275, 336: + Castro, Fidel views on, 37, 41, + 44 + + Zurhellen, Joseph Owen, 334, 338 + + + +
+ diff --git a/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml b/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml index e54e26fc9..892f74ee9 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml @@ -87139,6 +87139,7732 @@ +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + Able Archer (1983), 198, 261 + ABM Treaty. See + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + (1972) + Abrahamson, James, 65, 99 + Abramowitz, Morton, 6, 34, 37, + 39, 147, 260 + Abrams, Elliott, 11, + 217: + Human rights, and, 11 + + Abshire, David, 263 + Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 50, 150, 296 + “Accidents Measures” Agreement (1971), 251 + ACDA. See + Arms Control and Disarmament + Agency + Adamishin, Anatoly, 287 + Adelman, Kenneth, 86, 91, 92, + 263, 302: + Chemical weapons, and, 161 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 146, 188 + Nuclear testing, and, 162 + + Aerial Measuring System, 221 + Aeroflot, 28, 31, 61, 62, 71, 72, 143, 159, 292: + Boycott, 99, + 100 + + Afanasiev, Viktor, 24, 36 + Afghanistan, 18, + 29, 48, 65, 122, 138, 143, 232: + Coalition government, 114, 186 + National reconciliation, 23, 69, + 120, 152, 163, 172, 173 + Nicaragua, relations with, 7 + Nonaligned countries, member of, 46, 71, + 152, 195, 303 + Pakistan, and, 7, 21, 23, 41, + 42, 55, 96, 157, 186 + People’s Democratic Party of + Afghanistan, 240 + Political settlement, 41, 55, + 61, 152, 154, 172, 173, + 186, 195 + Refugee resettlement, 114, 173, + 195, 260 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 17, 28, 62, 66, 94, 95, 105, + 108, 163, 191, 195, 212, + 262, 303 + + Agreement on Military Liaison Missions + (1947), 12 + Air Force Technical Applications Center, 224 + Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM), 70, 97, 99, 112, 134, 135, 153, 197, 254, 302, 304, 305: + Soviet percentage proposal and, 58, 157 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991) and, 8, 27, 28, + 124, 131, 284, 296 + + Akhromeyev, Sergei, 58: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 43, 118 + Crowe, William, counterpart to, 199 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 302, 304, 305 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), + views on, 118 + + Alaska, 5, 188, 296, 297, 299 + ALCM. See + Air-launched cruise missiles + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, 37, 48, 155, 159, 214 + Alexandrov-Agentov, Andrey, 5: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, advisor to, 32, 65, + 169 + Soviet private channel, and, 59, 114 + + Alkhimov, Vladimir, 11 + American Jewish Congress, 11 + American Union of Concerned Scientists, 58, 71 + Andropov, Yuri, 3, + 37, 48, 54, 59, 87, 111, 141: + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union, and, 198 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 107 + + Angola, 18, 74, 86, 87, 152, 240, 260: + Cuba, relations with, 28, 151, + 186 + National reconciliation, 173 + National Union for the Total + Independence of Angola, 186 + Regional issues, 92, 96, 117, 122, + 173, 186, 214, 239 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty): + Arms control and disarmament, 8, 17, 22, 23, + 28, 29, 32, 41, 42, 58, 70, + 93, 118, 147, 239, 278 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 23, 28, 124, 188, 206, + 236, 239, 247, 254, 275, + 296, 297, 305, 307 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 43, 93, + 97, 99, 105, 152, 153, + 157 + Historical overview, 147 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 188, 227, 278 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 29, 124 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 297, 301, + 302, 306, 307, 308 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), and, 5, 32, 50, + 61, 99, 101, 278 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991) and, 296, 297, 305, + 308 + Strategic defenses whether permitted + by, 8, 23, + 41, 42, 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, + 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, 105, + 118, 127, 138, 146, 147, + 152, 153, 180, 186, 188, + 192, 206, 227, 236, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 258, + 264, 284, 296, 301, 304, + 308 + Verification and verification + protocols, 97, 124, 227 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance: + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius + vs. Time EXperiment system, 203, + 296, 302 + Fylingdales radar, 122, 140, 284 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 22, 28, 29, 71, + 97, 99, 105, 140, 157, + 202, 284, 296, 308 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 23, 42, + 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, 91, 93, + 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 113, + 118, 124, 134, 135, 138, + 146, 147, 152, 153, 180, + 186, 192, 197, 202, 206, + 212, 227, 236, 238, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 257, + 258, 264, 280, 284 + Telemetry encryption, 29, 97, + 124, 134, 135 + Thule radar, 122, 140, 284, 296 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal: + Nuclear testing, and, 17, 23, + 65, 135, 152, 227, 236, + 239, 249, 254, 284, 296, + 301, 305, 306, 307, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + associated with, 113, 134, 206, + 236, 238, 239, 247, 284, + 296, 297, 306, 308 + Treaty compliance, and, 97, 206, + 257 + + Anti-satellite systems (ASAT), 50, 89, 195, 236, 238, 247, 301: + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + role in, 70, 71, 97, 112, 140, + 195, 257 + Nuclear testing, and, 95, 99, + 102, 122, 296 + + ANZUS. See + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty + Apollo–Soyuz space mission (1975), 130 + Arbatov, Georgii, 89, 153, 240, 307: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, advisor to, 114, 129 + Institute of U.S. and Canadian Studies + (Soviet), director of, 49, 111, 122 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 111 + + Arensburger, Dimitri, 5, 28 + Arensburger, Eugenia, 106, 107, 159 + Aristov, Boris, 169 + Arkhipov, Ivan, 7 + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 16, 24, 114, 260, 270, 274, 276: + Afghanistan, views on, 55 + Regional issues, and, 7, 66, 256, 257, + 259, 262, 268 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), participant in, 287 + Strategic defenses, views on, 56, 67 + + Arms control and disarmament: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + 8, 17, + 22, 23, 28, 29, 32, 41, 42, + 58, 70, 93, 118, 147, 239, 278 + Confidence-building measures, 146, 180, + 197, 247 + Conventional weapons, 66, 180, + 247, 254, 280, 296 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 28, 99, 124, 131, 176 + Europe and, 8, + 27, 46, 122, 124, 135, + 177, 185, 188, 197, 212, + 248, 256, 257, 259, 263, + 275, 284, 296, 297, 299 + Geneva Summit (1985), 52, 82, + 92, 93, 95, 123, 135, 142, 160, + 208 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, 177, 178, 179, 180, + 182, 185, 187, 195, 299 + Interim Restraint proposal, 238, 293 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 6, 62, 70, + 97, 108, 129, 183, 189, + 192, 196, 206, 213, 239, + 278, 296 + No first use, 29 + Nonuse of force, 13, 23, 29 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 8, 112, 182, 185, 196, + 278, 301, 306 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 28, 61, + 62, 71, 82, 135, 237 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + 46, 87, 196, 207, 243, + 278, 306 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 293, 296, + 297, 306 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, + Geneva), 5, 8, 98, 99, 284 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), 284, 286 + Space activities, 28, 49, 71, 158, + 238, 296 + Space-strike arms, 8, 127 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 62, 70, 72, + 97, 188, 275, 284, 296, + 306 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 23, 43, 90, 98, 113, 123, 127, + 233 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 6, 17, 77 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15, 29, + 127, 132 + + Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), + 61, 91, 153, 190, 262, 264, 297 + Arms Control Support Group, 91, 113, 264, 297: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 97, 142 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 185 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 296 + Senior Arms Control Group and, 91, 170, + 185, 249, 296 + + Arms race, 98, 152, 153, 158, 160, 172, 277, 284: + Outer space, in, 8, 9, 71, 99, 151, 152, + 153, 157, 177, 247 + Space-strike arms, and, 5, 135, + 138, 139, 140, 157, 301 + + Arms sales, 117 + ASAT. See + Anti-satellite systems + ASEAN. See + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + al-Assad, Hafez, 186 + Association of Southeast Asian Nations + (ASEAN), 28, 71, + 186 + Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability, 221 + Australia, 8 + Australia, New Zealand, United States + Security Treaty (ANZUS), 7 + Austrian State Treaty (1955), 9, 28 + + Baker, James, 73, + 94, 106, 190, 214: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 188, 243 + + Baldrige, Malcolm, 13, 39, 167, 173, 175: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 32, 36, + 38, 71, 169 + Joint Commercial Commission, + participant in, 55 + Patolichev, Nikolai, counterpart to, + 26, 31 + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + role in, 144, 161, 165, 168 + + Ballistic missiles, 92, 98, 130, 138, 172, 177, 219, 227, 243, 264, 278, 283, 284: + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 8, 27, + 28, 50, 82, 85, 97, 99, 111, + 112, 124, 131, 134, 157, + 169, 178, 185, 197, 275, + 286, 293, 296 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 299, 304, + 305, 306, 307, 308 + Strategic defenses, and, 41, 49, + 62, 91, 101, 133, 195, + 254, 258 + + Balovlenkov, Yuri, 35, 41 + Baltimore Sun, 274 + Barker, Robert, 256, 259, 262 + Barry, Robert, 204, + 256, 259 + Baybakov, Nikolai, 48 + Begun, Yosef, 5, 272, 283 + Beirut, 135 + Belenogov, Alexander, 285 + Berlin air corridors, 13, 55, 61, 71, 186: + Transport safety, 22, 28, 29, 135 + + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 28, 54, 135, 140, 159, 165, 210, 212, 222, 245, 260, 267, 276, 286: + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 9, 237 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz” counterpart to, + 250, 256, 257, 258, 287, + 288, 292, 303 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 257 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, New York), participant in, 289, 292 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 165, 210, 255 + + Billington, James, 85, 96 + Blackwill, Robert, 262 + Blix, Hans, 229 + Bomber aircraft, 8, + 97, 264, 284, 305: + Bomber counting rule, 92, 112, + 304 + + Brazil, 5 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 59, 66, 110, 138, 201, 214, 259: + Brezhnev Doctrine, 3, 60, 74, 242 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, compared to, 143, 215, + 242 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 212 + + Brooks, Linton, 296, 297 + Broomfield, William., 213 + Bruk, Mike, 59 + Bukin, Alexi, 65, + 66 + Bulgaria, 198, 287 + Burton, Bruce, 255, + 258 + Burt, Richard “Rick,” 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 22, 62, 64, 68: + Mock Memorandum, author of, 16 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 12 + Summit planning, views on, 33 + + Bush, George H.W., 23, 71, 105, 138, 245: + Arbatov, Georgii, meeting with, 89 + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 5 + China, former ambassador to, 106 + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 89 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 1, 2, 9, 10, 15 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 94 + + Byrd, Robert, 80 + + Cambodia, 28, 62, 71, 72, 94, 96, 120, 122, 152, 186 (see also + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict): + International Conference on Kampuchea + (1981), 186 + + Canada, 292 + Cancer research, 190 + Carter, Jimmy, 277: + Carter-Brezhnev meeting (June 1978), + 33, 45, 212 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), 156 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 138 + + Casey, William, 34, + 78, 178, 253, 287, 290: + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 94, 146 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 188, 243 + Strategic defenses, views on, 243 + + CBM. See + Confidence-building measures + CCP. See + Chinese Communist Party + Central America, 18, + 21, 22: + Contadora, and, 96, 186 + + Central Committee, 5, + 25, 179, 209, 212, 215, 242, 245: + Hartman, Arthur access to, 114, 241 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April + 1985), and, 22 + + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 39, 57, 94, 141, 145, 227, 261, 267, 269, 274, 283, 304: + Geneva Summit (1985), response to, + 160 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 160 + Intelligence Report prepared in, 220, 223 + Paper prepared in, 48, 80, 87, 133 + Soviet foreign policy, and, 87 + + Chautauqua Conference (1985), 47: + Nitze, Paul speaker at, 97 + + Chebrikov, Viktor, 48, 53, 198, 240 + Chemical weapons (CW), 9, 22, 28, 158, 164, 180, 182, 190, 280, 287, 297: + Chemical industry, 286 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), and, 23, 41, 71, + 188, 254, 256, 259, 286 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 23, 28, + 62, 71, 108, 122, 135, + 140, 257 + Libya, 173 + Nonproliferation, 13, 29, 55, 135, + 146, 177, 204, 259, 262 + Verification and verification + protocols, 29, 61, 195, 197, 204, + 286 + Weapon destruction, 71, 89, 177, 183 + + Chernenko, Konstantin, 4, 5, 6, + 10, 17, 59, 114, 136, 259: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 54 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 1 + Soviet Union, former leader of, 1, 48, 53, 87, + 141 + + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), 220, 221, 223, 225, 226, 230, 234, 287, 289: + Damage assessment, 224, 229 + Economic affairs, impact on, 223, 225, + 243 + Emergency evacuation, 223, 224 + Gale, Robert and, 233, 235, 237 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, impact on, 223, 225, + 226, 230, 231, 236 + Humanitarian assistance, 221, 228, + 230, 235, 251 + International Atomic Energy Agency + response to, 229, 230, 234, + 251, 254 + International reaction, 220, 221, + 222, 225, 226, 230, 234 + Kyiv, impact on, 220, 222, 223, 224 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + impact on, 225, 228, 230, + 284 + Nuclear energy safety, 221, 223, + 225, 228, 229, 230, 233, + 234, 251, 284 + Radioactive contamination of the + environment, 220, 221, 223, + 224, 225, 229, 230, 235, + 237, 257 + Reactor fire, 224, 230 + Shcherbitsky, Vladimir, and, 226, 230 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 223, 228, + 230, 231, 243 + Soviet Union response to, 220, 222, + 223, 226, 229, 231, 232, + 234, 235 + Summit planning, impact on, 234, 235 + Thermal radiation, 230 + United States response to, 221, 222, + 224, 225, 228, 230, 234 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 232, 233, 234, 257 + Verification and verification + protocols related to, 225 + Water pollution, 221, 223 + + Chernyaev, Anatoly, 240, 245, 280 + Chernyshov, Albert, 106 + Chervov, Nikolai, 71, 263, 275 + China, 130, 162, 164, 178, 202, 249, 286: + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 185 + Soviet Union, relations with, 7, 74, 106, 117, + 214, 227, 260 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 99, 177, 180, 197, 289 + United States, relations with, 28, 88, + 186, 260 + + Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 179 + Chirac, Jacques, 287 + Chulitsky, Vadim, 147 + Churkin, Vitaly, 107, 256 + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Civil aviation, 23, + 62, 71, 72, 134, 144, 159, 161, 204 + Clyne, Norman, 178, + 206 + Cobb, Tyrus “Ty,” 3, + 281 + Cockell, William, 277 + COCOM. See + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls + Coffey, Steven, 268, 270 + Combs, Richard, 78, + 222, 273, + 276: + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), + response to, 267 + + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union + (KGB, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), + 11, 94, 98, 109, 125, 193, 201, 281, 289: + Andropov, Yuri and, 198 + Chemical agents, 78 + Daniloff, Nicholas, arrest of, 267, 268, + 270, 274, 295 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 48, 86, 92, 198, 214 + Soviet military, relations with, 198 + + Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, + Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo + Soyuza), 3, 17, 109, 126, 145, 174, 226: + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1986), 194, 210 + + Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), 13, 29, 170, 200, 257, 281, 296, 297, 301, 306 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), + 9, 29, 66, 142, 143, 146, 161, 180, 204, 208, 210, 262, 284, 291: + Chemical weapons and, 23, 41, + 71, 188, 254, 256, 259, + 286 + Confidence-building measures, 58, 62, + 71, 105 + Geneva Summit (1985), related to, 61, 62, + 65, 105 + Nonuse of force included in, 28, 29, + 62, 71, 122, 135 + + Conference on Security and Co-operation in + Europe, 10, 51, + 71, 161, 254, 262, 284 + Confidence-building measures (CBM), 13, 23, 29, 60, 125, 143: + Arms control and disarmament, 146, 180, + 197, 247 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), 58, 62, 71, 105 + + Contadora, 28, 96, 186, 287, 303 + Conte, Silvio, 19 + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time + EXperiment system (CORRTEX), 203, 296, 302 + Contras, 29, 48, 61, 152, 186 + Conventional weapons, 9, 16, 50, 105, 112, 129, 133, 187, 227, 239: + Arms control and disarmament, 66, 180, + 247, 254, 280, 296 + Deterrence and, 180, 182, 185, 197, + 296 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 164 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), and, 182, 188, 197, + 204, 212, 254, 256, 286 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 197, 256, 286 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 302 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 70, 85, 86, 97, 104, + 135, 164, 178, 258 + Verification and verification + protocols, 204, 286 + + Convention on the Physical Protection of + Nuclear Material (1980), 251 + Cooper, Henry “Hank,” 147, 278 + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls (COCOM), 148 + Cordovez, Diego, 262: + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + mediator of, 55, 173, 186 + + CORRTEX. See + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. + Time EXperiment system + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, 58, 117 + Counterintelligence, 272 + Courtney, William, 112 + CPSU. See + Communist Party of the Soviet + Union + Craxi, Bettino, 44, + 287 + Crocker, Chester “Chet,” 186, 204 + Crowe, William, 144, 188: + Akhromeyev, Sergei counterpart to, + 199 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 188 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 249 + + Cruise missiles, 98 + CTB. See + Comprehensive Test Ban + Cuba, 61, 74, 214, 282, 287: + Angola, relations with, 28, 151, + 186 + Soviet Union, relations with, 21, 71, + 86, 129 + + CW. See + Chemical weapons + + Dailey, Peter, 179 + Dam, Kenneth, 5, 12, 40, 44 + Daniloff, Nicholas, 267, 268, 270, 273, 274, 283: + Arrest, 267, + 268, 270, 274, 295 + Espionage, allegations of, 267, 271, + 273, 274, 287 + Matlock, Jack views on, 267, 272, + 295 + Orlov, Yuri related to, 272, 283, + 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 + Release, 277, 283, 289, 290, + 291, 292 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, + 274, 279, 283, 285, 289, + 292 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), impact on, 270, + 281 + U.S. News and World + Report, employee of, 271, + 274 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, + 276, 277, 279, 280, 283, + 285, 287, 288, 289, 291, + 292, 295 + Zakharov, Gennady, related to, 271, 272, + 276, 277, 279, 280, 283, + 285, 288, 290, 291, 292, + 295 + + Deaver, Michael, 88 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), 180, 202, 238, 306, 308: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 23, 28, 124, 188, 206, + 236, 239, 247, 254, 275, + 296, 297, 305, 307 + Anti-satellite systems role in, 70, 71, + 97, 112, 140, 195, 257 + Arms control and disarmament and, 28, 99, + 124, 131, 176 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 28, 185, 275, + 297 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 185, 236, 264 + Research and development, and, 162, 197, + 239, 258, 264, 280, 301, + 302, 304, 305 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 28, 296, 297, + 305 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 188, 257 + + Delhi Six, 208, + 286, 296 + Democratic Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Democratic Party, 65, 245 + Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See + North Korea + Deng Xiaoping, 7 + Denmark, 220 + Denver, John, 63 + Department of Defense, 85, 148, 232, 281: + Defense budget, 57, 249 + Department of Defense Reorganization + Act (1986), 249 + Department of State, relations with, + 142, 161 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 142 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + views on, 162, 202 + Space cooperation, views on, 262 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + response to, 86, 91 + Technology transfer, 142 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 116, 161, + 264 + + Department of Energy (DOE), 148, 237, 264, 296 + Department of Justice, 268, 274 + Department of State, 63, 64, 73, 264, 268, 270, 272, 296: + Department of Defense, relations with, + 142, 161 + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), response to, 13 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 298, 301 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations + and, 14, 20, 73, 190, 207, 218, 267 + views on, 2, 14, 67, 292 + + + Detente, 7, 141, 148: + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + response to, 2, 87, 143, 193, 211 + + Deterrence, 70, 92, 93, 135, 138, 146, 154, 239, 243, 258, 286, 302: + Conventional weapons, and, 180, 182, + 185, 197, 296 + Strategic defenses, 77, 158, 239, 243, + 286 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, 86, 97, 99, + 104, 133, 158, 197, 203, + 284 + + Detinov, Nikolai, 8, + 263, 275 + Disinformation, 3, + 303: + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, role in, + 303 + + Divided families: + Nudel, Ida associated with, 28, 29, + 136, 283, 289 + Shcharanskiy, Anatoly associated with, + 136, 168, 175, 181, 193, + 194, 285 + + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 7, + 10, 11, 20, 101, 106, 136, 178, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 212, 235, 246, 247, 268: + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 154 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 252 + Kendall, Don, meeting with, 40 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” meeting with, + 184 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 24 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 40, 44, 128, + 208 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 212 + Retirement, 208, 210, 212 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 13, 18, + 22, 35, 36, 43, 46, 52, 55, + 83, 90, 167, 174, 184, + 194, 212 + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 138 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July + 1985, Helsinki), participant in, 71 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 134 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October + 1985, New York), participant in, 122 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1985, New York), participant in, 99 + Soviet private channel, and, 14, 51, + 111, 114, 115, 206 + United States, former ambassador to, + 241 + + DOE. See + Department of Energy + Dole, Robert “Bob,” 245 + Dubinin, Yuri, 247, + 256, 262, + 268, 276: + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + access to, 241, 247 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 246 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + Shultz-Bessmertnykh meeting (July + 1986, Washington), participant in, 257, 260 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 244 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, New York), participant in, 292 + United States, ambassador to, 241, 251, + 273 + + Duke University, 214 + + Eagleburger, Lawrence, 88 + Eastern Europe, 219: + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance + impact on, 117 + Soviet Union, relations with, 37, 48, + 117, 214, 227 + + East Germany, 186, + 286, 287, + 306: + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), and, 12, 13, 15, + 22, 23, 62 + + East-West relations, 8, 9, 50, 58, 74, + 80, 87, 112, 122, 141, 160, 197, 211, 278 + Economic affairs: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 223, 225, 243 + Economic cooperation, 116 + Economic reform, 17, 37, 48, 66, + 209, 214, 215, 278 + + Egypt, 163, 165, 287 + Eisenhower, Dwight, 157: + Khrushchev, Nikita, meeting with, 212 + + Emigration, 9, 11, 26, 28, 29, 119, 169, 246, 275, 287: + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, + 61, 62 + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 11 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 5, 6, + 11, 17, 29, 100, 129, 283 + Most Favored Nation status, precursor + to, 17, 28, 29 + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + impact on, 31, 32, 38, 95, 168, + 169, 303 + + Energy technology, 17 + England. See + United Kingdom + Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 144 + Environmental research, 190 + EPA. See + Environmental Protection + Agency + Ermarth, Fritz, 49, + 58, 133, 242, 253 + Espionage, 12, 13, 28, 268, 270, 276, 295: + Daniloff, Nicholas allegations of, + 267, 271, 273, 274, 287 + Zakharov, Gennady allegations of, 283, 287 + + Ethiopia, 5, 6, 219 + Eureka College, 86 + Europe, 117, 155, 223, 225, 234, 238, 247: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 8, 27, + 46, 122, 124, 135, 177, + 185, 188, 197, 212, 248, + 256, 257, 259, 263, 275, + 284, 296, 297, 299 + European Community, 129 + Soviet Union, relations with, 97, 242, + 284 + Strategic offensive arms reductions + in, 180, 247, 280, 286, 301, + 302, 305, 307 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 13, 32, + 99, 129, 157, 164, 176, + 182, 189, 195, 262 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 28, 41, + 112, 151, 205, 214, 219 + + European Parliament, 47 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), + 263, 266, + 275 + Expert-level talks on regional issues (1986), + 257, 260 + Export Administration Act (1979), 169 + + Family reunification, 13, 50, 100, 114, 119, 121, 129, 137, 139, 156, 175, 239, 245, 246 + Fascell, Dante, 213, 234 + FBI. See + Federal Bureau of + Investigation + FBS. See + Forward-based systems + Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 267, 274 + Federal Republic of Germany. See + West Germany + Feltsman, Vladimir, 181 + Finland, 221 + First strike capability, 23, 43, 245 + Five-Year Plan for 1986–90, 110, 209 + Ford, Gerald, 212 + Forward-based systems (FBS), 131, 135, 152, 162, 302 + “Four-part agenda”: + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, + 64, 67, 94, 95, 97, 140, 250 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + and, 52, 64, 139, 235 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 27, 52, + 55, 178, 274, 297, 300 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), included in, + 300, 301 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 13, 15, + 27, 137, 161, 174, 190, + 197, 298 + + France, 22, 23, 65, 117, 122, 130, 178, 200, 201, 202, 249, 283: + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, + 188, 191, 192 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + and, 6, 8, + 46, 99, 131, 162, 180 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 180, 187, 197, 205, 212, + 239, 280, 286, 296, 301, + 302, 306 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems in, 71, 84, 99, + 130, 153, 161, 162, 164, + 177, 178 + + FSLN. See + Sandinista National Liberation + Front + Fuller, Craig, 206 + Fylingdales radar, 122, 140, 284 + + G–7 Economic Summit (1986), 214, 251 + Gaffney, Frank, 97 + Gale, Robert, 233, + 235, 237 + Gandhi, Rajiv, 46, + 55, 71 + Garang, John, 219 + Gates, Robert, 39, + 86, 249, 253 + GDR. See + East Germany + Geneva Exchanges Initiative, 218 + Geneva Summit (1985), 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 43, 93, 97, 99, 105, + 152, 153, 157 + Arms control and disarmament, 52, 82, + 92, 93, 95, 123, 135, 142, 160, + 208 + Arms Control Support Group views on, + 97, 142 + Central Intelligence Agency response + to, 160 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–) related to, 61, 62, 65, + 105 + Department of Defense and, 142 + “Four-part agenda” included in, 64, 67, + 94, 95, 97, 140, 250 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + participant in, 150, + 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + views on, 89, 90, 101, 140, 160, 166, 169 + + Hopkins, William interpreter for, 155, 159 + Human rights and, 119, 123, 136, 137, + 143, 144, 168 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989) and, 65, 66, 105, + 135 + National Security Council views on, + 73, 94 + National Security Planning Group views + on, 73, 146 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 80, 84, 99, 122, 124, + 127, 134, 158, 164, 165, + 166, 176, 190 + Palazhchenko, Pavel interpreter for, + 159 + Reagan, Ronald participant in, 150, 151, + 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, + 158, 159 + Regional issues and, 94, 95, + 96, 120, 122, 135, 140, + 144, 160, 161, 163, 165, + 172, 173, 197 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, + 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, + 158, 159 + Shultz, George participant in, 151, 152, + 154, 155, 157, 158, 159 + Soviet private channel and, 114, 115, + 128 + Summit planning, 33, 34, 43, 52, + 55, 58, 61, 64, 66, 71, 73, + 75, 76, 81, 83, 86, 88, 93, + 94, 97, 100, 107, 121, + 122, 126, 132, 140, 143, + 144, 149 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues + included in, 96, 127, 144, + 149, 158, 204 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 71, 73, + 80, 84, 94, 132, 135, 158, 161, + 163, 164, 165, 166, 169, + 176, 187, 190, 191, 192, + 200, 204, 205, 208, 210, + 234, 235, 239, 246, 247, + 254, 280, 292, 294, 301 + + Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 257 + George, Clair, 98 + George, Douglas, 178, 266 + Georgia, 107, 292 + German Democratic Republic. See + East Germany + Glasnost, 226 + GLBM. See + Ground-launched ballistic + missiles + GLCM. See + Ground-launched cruise + missiles + Glitman, Maynard “Mike,” 8: + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 275 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), expert on, 85, + 124 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4 + U.S. Nuclear and Space Talks + Delegation, member of, 4, 124 + + Gomel radar, 140 + Goodby, James, 55, + 62 + Gorbachev, Mikhail: + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, + 37, 48, 155, 159, 214 + American Union of Concerned + Scientists, correspondence with, 58, 71 + Arms control and disarmament, views + on, 10, 19, 125, 138, 139, + 145, 177, 178, 215, 247, + 278, 301, 308 + Baldrige, Malcolm, meeting with, 32, 36, + 38, 71, 169 + Brezhnev, Leonid, compared to, 143, 215, + 242 + Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 1, 2, 9, 10, 15 + Central Intelligence Agency views on, + 160 + Chernenko, Konstantin, and, 54 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 223, 225, 226, + 230, 231, 236 + China-Soviet Union relations, advocate + for, 260 + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union, relations with, 48, 86, 92, + 198, 214 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1986), speaker at, 191, 200, 204, 209, + 212, 214, 215, 240, 242, + 254 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), and, + 273, 276, 280 + East-West trade, views on, 87, 110, + 168 + Economic reform, advocate for, 3, 37, 48, 66, + 209, 214, 215, 278 + Geneva Summit (1985) + participant in, 150, + 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + views on, 89, 90, 101, 140, 160, 166, 169 + + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, author of, 177, 178, + 183, 187, 188, 191, 192, + 204 + Gromyko, Andrei, and, 34, 36, + 45, 47, 51, 114 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + views on, 32, 87 + O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” meeting with, + 15, 19, 29, 138 + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, meeting with, + 48 + Politburo, relations with, 48, 179, + 183, 191, 209, 260, 278, + 294 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 87, 138, 150, + 198, 209, 239, 252, 278, + 294 + Reagan, Nancy, and, 159 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 1, + 10, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 41, 46, 68, 69, 84, 115, 120, 127, 128, 163, 166, 168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 203, 208, 213, 235, 247, 251, 254, 271, 273, 280 + meeting with, 150, 151, 152, 153, 301, 302, 306, 308 + + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 294, 297 + + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, and, 34, 45, + 53, 230 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, and, 54 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 5, 71, 99, 100, + 122, 134, 135, 136, 138, + 139, 140, 283, 284, 285, + 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 17, 29, + 36, 47, 48, 54, 79, 112, 126, + 145, 150, 179, 183, 191, + 200, 209, 215, 242, 253, + 260, 278, 294 + Soviet government reform, proponent + of, 215 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), response + to, 151, 169 + Soviet hardliners, relations with, + 40, 48, 143, 145, 215, + 239, 240, 242, 243 + Soviet military, relations with, 17, 145, + 183, 209, 242 + Space activities, views on, 41, 81, + 84, 138, 139, 162 + Space-strike arms, views on, 69, 81, + 84, 105, 152, 154, 160, + 161, 162, 163, 172, 177, + 195, 280, 301, 302 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views + on, 41, 46, 69, 81, 87, 114, 125, + 131, 138, 157, 160 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, + 3, 5, + 151, 155, 306 + TIME magazine, + 81, 89, 90, 101, 111, 112, 129, + 132 + United States, invited to, 165, 167, + 172, 174, 184, 190 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations + impact on, 3, 9, 37, + 61, 278 + views on, 5, 10, 125, 138, 150, 151, 155, 160, 169, 172, 208, 215, 234, 246, 252, 301 + + Zia, Muhammad, relations with, 7 + + Gorbachev, Raisa, 16, 48, 71, + 75, 83, 155, 163, 297 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear + Weapons by the Year 2000, 135, 154, 158, 306: + Arms control and disarmament, 177, 178, + 179, 180, 182, 185, 187, + 195, 299 + Arms Control Support Group views on, + 185 + China, impact on, 185 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1986), impact on, 191 + France, impact on, 182, 185, 188, 191, + 192 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 196, + 204, 212, 296, 301, 302 + Joint Chiefs of Staff views on, 188 + Linkage included in, 185, 194 + Military balance, impact on, 180, 182, + 185, 187, 188, 301, 305 + National Security Planning Group + response to, 188, 196 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + related to, 183, 185, 187, + 188, 194, 264 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + response to, 179, 185, 188, + 189, 191, 192, 194, 196 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 188, 205, + 239, 280, 286, 301, 305, + 306, 307 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 185, 187, 188, 195, 302 + Thatcher, Margaret views on, 192 + United Kingdom, impact on, 182, 185, + 188, 191, 192 + U.S.-NATO relations, impact on, 182, 185, + 188, 189, 194 + West Germany, impact on, 182 + + Gordievskiy, Oleg, 125, 198, 261 + Gosplan, 110, 287: + Baybakov, Nikolai head of, 48 + + Great Britain. See + United Kingdom + Grinevskiy, Oleg, 55, 204: + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), ambassador to, 256 + Conventional weapons, and, 256, 259, + 262 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), participant in, 147 + + Grishin, Viktor, 198 + Grobel, Olaf, 193 + Gromyko, Andrei, 1, + 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 135, 257, 280, 286: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 34, 36, + 45, 47, 51, 114 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 9 + Shevardnadze, Eduard and, 53, 54, + 55, 101 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 28, 30, + 32 + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 24, 51, + 59 + Supreme Soviet, head of, 53, 54 + United Nations General Assembly, + present at, 33, 35 + + Ground-launched ballistic missiles (GLBM), + 124 + Ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM), 124, 135, 153, 185, 275, 282, 283, 296, 297 + Guhin, Michael, 178 + Gulf of Sidra, 167, + 212 + Guyana, 21 + + Haig, Alexander, 9 + Haile Selassie, 152 + Hammer, Armand, 59, + 233 + Hartman, Arthur, 11, + 20, 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 56, 62, 103, 106, 191, 192, 216: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, + 9, 237 + Central Committee, access to, 114, 241 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 252 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 29 + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 9 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 149, 165, 210, 228 + Soviet Union, ambassador to, 5, 44, 100, 121, + 128, 136, 169, 250, 256, + 257, 289 + + Hawes, John, 8, 206 + Helms, Jesse, 16 + Helsinki Acts (1975): + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 5, 23, 68, 71, + 158, 291 + + Helsinki Final Act (1975): + Human rights, 9, 156, 303 + + Heuven, Marten Van, 44 + Hill, M. Charles, 5, + 56, 137, 138, 139, 178, 260, 290, 304 + Hofdi House, 300, + 303, 304, + 306, 307, + 308, 309 + Holmes, H. Allen, 44, 180, 182, 207, 238, 250: + Nuclear testing, and, 262 + + Hoover Institute, 138, 143, 214 + Hopkins, William: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, + 155, 159 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), interpreter + for, 302, 303 + + Horowitz, Lawrence “Larry,” 59, 65: + Pavlov, Andrei, meeting with, 245 + Soviet private channel, role in, 59, 66, + 184, 245 + + Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 257, 287 + Humanitarian assistance, 28, 221, 222, 224, 287 + Human rights: + Dual national, and, 11, 22, 136, 137, + 168, 256 + Emigration, 9, + 11, 35, 38, 61, 69, 95, 119, + 169, 246, 275, 287 + Family reunification, and, 13, 55, + 100, 114, 119, 121, 129, + 136, 137, 139, 156, 168, + 175, 239, 245, 246, 257, + 287 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 119, 123, + 136, 137, 143, 144, 168 + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 9, 156, + 303 + Human rights violations, 143 + Immigration, 136 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 5, 6, + 11, 29, 100, 119, 129, + 136, 283 + Most Favored Nation status, related + to, 32 + Refuseniks, 11, 38, 283, 290, + 292 + Religious freedom, 156, 168, 283 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 293, 301, + 303 + Sakharov, Andrei advocate for, 29, 283 + Soviet Union and, 38, 60, 136, 175 + United States and, 169, 303 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 5, 6, 11, 30, + 32, 71, 136, 137, 143, + 175, 181, 245, 262, 283, + 303 + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + impact on, 17, 26, 31, 94, 100, + 108, 114, 129, 136, 156, + 161, 167, 168, 169, 175, + 181, 306 + Visas, 136, + 175, 245 + Womens rights, 156 + + Hungary, 220 + Hussein bin Talal, 287 + Hussein, Saddam, 186 + + IAEA. See + International Atomic Energy + Agency + ICBM. See + Intercontinental ballistic + missile + Iceland, 283, 285, 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 298, 300 + Iklé, Fred, 86, 87, 94, 148, 161, 162, 243 + Immigration, 136, + 169, 283, + 303 + Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972) (INCSEA), + 65, 108, 144, 232 + INCSEA. See + Incidents at Sea Agreement + (1972) + Institute of U.S. and Canadian Studies + (Soviet), 49, 111 + Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), + 8, 28, 49, 124, 134, 152, 157, 162, 172, 254, 264, 284, 304, 305: + Midgetman ICBM, 77, 98, 185, 188 + Minuteman ICBM, 70, 131 + SS–18 ICBM, 195, 296, 302, 308 + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + + Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation + of Strategic Offensive Weapons (1972), 5, + 45, 46, 247 + Interim Restraint proposal, 135 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces: + SS–20 ICBM, 282, 299, 302 + + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 188, 227, 278 + Arms control and disarmament and, 6, 62, 70, 97, + 108, 129, 183, 189, 192, + 196, 206, 213, 239, 278, + 296 + Conventional weapons and, 164 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 28, 185, 275, 297 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 196, 204, + 212, 296, 301, 302 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 8, 50, + 87, 97, 112, 114, 124, + 131, 134, 157, 176, 296, + 301 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 162, 189, 202, 204, 206, + 282 + Nuclear testing, 157 + Pershing II missile, 27, 172, + 185, 195, 248, 275, 282, + 283, 296, 297, 299, 302 + Potential interim agreement, 108, 124, + 131, 134, 135, 153, 176, + 185, 188, 194, 228, 247, + 254, 257, 258, 262, 263, + 264, 283, 286, 296, 297, + 302, 306 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 292, 293 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 98, 99, + 112, 114, 124, 131, 135, + 157, 176, 185, 188, 212, + 262, 286, 297, 302, 304 + Soviet suspension of talks (1983), + 132 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 6, 27, 98, + 127, 208, 212, 245, 246, + 247, 256, 257, 264, 275, + 282, 293, 296, 297, 302, + 304, 305, 306 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 70, 80, + 87, 97, 98, 131, 153, 202, 206, + 243, 286, 309 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 188, 191, 210, + 296, 299, 302 + + International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), + 122, 225: + Blix, Hans head of, 229 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + response to, 229, 230, 234, + 251, 254 + + International Court of Justice, 201 + Iran, 9, 17, 28, 37, 54, 87, 122, 135, 214, 287 (see also + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)) + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), 17, 18, 29, 256, 287, 303: + Chemical weapons and, 23, 28, + 62, 71, 108, 122, 135, + 140, 257 + Soviet Union and, 303 + United Nations Security Council and, + 287, 288 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 28, 138 + + Iraq, 28, 122, 262, 287 (see also + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)) + Isakov, Viktor, 106, 181, 255 + Islam, 159 + Israel, 28, 58, 66, 87, 119, 136, 156, 193, 287, 303 + Italy, 201 + Izvestiya, 178 + + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 11, 32: + Emigration, 11 + + Japan, 8, 28, 151: + Soviet Union, relations with, 260 + + JCC. See + Joint Commercial Commission + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union: + Human rights, 5, 6, 11, 29, 100, 119, + 129, 136, 283 + + Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 138, 160 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 27, 97, 146, 264, 296, 297: + Arms control and disarmament, views + on, 104 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 188 + Vessey, John W., Jr. chair of, 92, 104 + + Joint Commercial Commission (JCC), 13, 26, 31: + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + mediator of, 23, 28, 55, 62 + + Jordan, 287 + + Kalb, Bernard, 260, + 292, 303 + Kampelman, Max, 44, + 65, 66, 99, 124, 202, 238, 258, 296: + Arms control and disarmament, expert + on, 202 + Defense and Space, expert on, 124 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 266, 275 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4, 238, + 255, 259, 302 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + views on, 202 + + Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Karpov, Viktor, 7, + 29, 256, 260, 286, 307: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 147 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 266, 275 + Glitman, Maynard “Mike” counterpart + to, 4 + Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 4, 238, + 255, 259, 302 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud” counterpart + to, 8, 28, + 29 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + participant in, 8, 202 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), participant in, 284 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), participant in, 147 + Tower, John counterpart to, 4, 58 + + Kashlev, Yuri, 256 + Keel, Alton “Al,” Jr., 295, 299 + Kelly, John, 52 + Kendall, Don, 40 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 59, 194: + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 184 + Soviet private channel, role in, 245 + + Kennedy, John F., 306: + Khrushchev, Nikita, meeting with, 45, 212 + + Kennedy, Richard, 13, 237 + Keyworth, George, II, 178 + KGB. See + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union + Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 159 + Khrushchev, Nikita, 126, 215, 240, 242: + Eisenhower, Dwight, meeting with, 212 + Kennedy, John F., meeting with, 45, 212 + + Kishilov, Nikolai, 147 + Kissinger, Henry, 66, 138, 169: + Arbatov, Georgii, meeting with, 111 + + Klinghoffer, Leon, 122 + Kochetkov, Vassiliy, 165 + Kohl, Helmut, 122, + 193, 229, + 233, 287: + West Germany, and, 194, 225, 236 + + Kommunist, 242 + Komplektov, Viktor, 24, 135, 167 + Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown (1983), + 13, 17, 231, 239, 257, 272: + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), compared to, 13, 22 + + Korniyenko, Georgiy, 11, 23, 69, 100, 102, 106, 108, 272: + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 154, 159 + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1985, Washington), participant in, 105 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July + 1985, Helsinki), participant in, 99 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 135, 136 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + negotiator of, 191 + + Kosygin, Alexei, 138, 204 + Kraemer, Sven, 8, + 296 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 104, 122, 146, 238, 302: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + compliance, 22, 28, 29, 71, 97, + 99, 105, 140, 157, 202, + 284, 296, 308 + + Kremlin, 245 + Krimer, William, 152, 153 + Kruzhina, Nikolai, 65 + Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 198 + Kurile Islands, 28 + Kurth, Ronald, 232 + Kuznetsov, Vasily, 9, + 255, 259, + 270, 276, + 286, 287 + Kvitsinskiy, Yuliy, 98, 296: + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + negotiator of, 202, 236 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 135 + + Kyiv, 13, 134: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 220, 222, 223, + 224 + + + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986), 216, 217, 219 + Laxalt, Paul, 245 + Lebanon, 18, 28, 46, 114, 122, 135, 303 + Lehman, Ronald, 76, + 85, 178, 189, 284: + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 275 + + Lenczowski, John, 3, + 126, 211 + Leningrad, 25 + Lenin, Vladimir, 37, + 74, 105, 306 + Libya, 9, 165, 212, 214, 303: + Chemical weapons, 173 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 219, 228, 240, 287 + Terrorists and terrorism, 57, 167, + 174, 216 + United States bombing of Libya (April + 1986), 219 + + Ligachev, Yegor, 226 + Linhard, Robert, 8, + 64, 85, 106, 178, 189, 238, 281, 307, 308: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 255, 262 + Arms Control Support Group, + participant in, 91 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 266, 275 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 249 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), negotiator of, 256 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 304 + + Lomeiko, Viktor, 106 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces + (LRINF), 27, 114, + 131, 135, + 164, 176, + 180, 185, + 206, 254, + 263, 264, + 275, 282, + 283, 284, + 296, 306: + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, and, 122, 284 + United States INF deployments (1983), + 8, 50, + 58, 97, 124, 135, 157, + 197, 286 + + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 38, 129, 301, 306 + Louis, Victor, 198 + LRINF. See + Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces + Lusaka Accords (1984), 28 + + Malta, 219 + Maltsev, Viktor, 204 + Maritime boundaries, 71, 165 + Marshall, Andrew, 214 + Marshall, George, 94 + Martin, John, 193 + Massie, Suzanne, 47 + Matlock, Jack, 51, + 73, 85, 103, 106, 121, 136, 149, 231, 256, 294, 295, 302: + Arms Control Support Group, + participant in, 91 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, and, 259 + Daniloff, Nicholas, views on, 267, 272, + 295 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 24 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + meeting with, 32 + views on, 20, 39, 265 + + Human rights, views on, 38 + Menshikov, Stanislav, meeting with, + 114 + Mock Memorandum, author of, 240, 248 + Regional issues, views on, 21 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, views on, 205 + Shultz-Ryzhkov meeting (March 1986, + Stockholm), views on, 205 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July + 1985, Helsinki), and, 67 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 24 + Summit planning, views on, 14, 24, + 45, 47, 64, 85, 96, 205 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 26, 33, + 34, 36, 39, 47, 60, 66, 94, + 96, 148, 161, 178, 184, + 191, 209, 240, 245, 248, + 253, 259, 265, 300 + + McClellan, Irina, 175 + McDaniel, Rodney, 281 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” 20, 34, 39, 61, 62, 76, 101, 103, 106, 121, 137, 178, 238: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 43, 44, 82, 118, 138 + Arms Control Support Group, and, 91, 161 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 154, 155 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 8, 28, 29 + National Security Council, and, 94, 144 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 82 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 44, 86 + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1985, Washington), participant in, 105 + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 138 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July + 1985, Helsinki), views on, 57 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 135 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October + 1985, New York), participant in, 122 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1985, New York), participant in, 99 + Summit planning, and, 27, 51 + + McKinley, Brunson, 178 + McLean, Martin, 165 + McSweeney, Bill, 59 + Meehan, Frank, 193 + Meese, Edwin “Ed,” 146, 188: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 146, 188 + + Meiman, Naum, 283 + Menshikov, Stanislav, 7, 114 + MFN. See + Most Favored Nation status + Michel, Robert, 19, + 94 + Middle East, 29, + 46, 50, 70, 117, 133, 184, 219: + Peace plan, 18, 87, 303 + Regional issues, 9, 21, 22, 28, + 42, 65, 71, 96, 122, 135, 186, + 287 + Weinberger, Caspar and, 256 + + Midgetman ICBM, 77, + 98, 185, 188 + Mikhailov, Valerian, 256, 259 + Mikol’chak, Vitaliy, 228, 256, 286, 287: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + expert on, 262 + + Military Liaison Mission incident (March + 1985), 13, 105: + Department of State response to, 13 + East Germany and, 12, 13, 15, 22, + 23, 62 + Espionage, allegations of, 12 + Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown + (1983), compared to, 13, 22 + Nicholson, Arthur associated with, + 13, 135 + Soviet Union response to, 12, 13 + United States response to, 13 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 15, 17, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, + 30, 31, 41, 42, 46, 55, 71, + 94, 101 + + Military Liaison Mission incident (September + 1985), 83 + Military Liaison Mission (MLM), 186 + Minuteman ICBM, 70, + 131 + MIRV. See + Multiple independently targeted re-entry + vehicles + Mitterand, François, 66, 87, 94, 129, 164 + MLM. See + Military Liaison Mission + Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 24 + Mongolia, 260 + Morocco, 219 + Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 17, 28, 29, 31, 32 + Mozambique, 5 + Mshvenieradze, Vladimir, 242 + Mubarak, Hosni, 57 + Mujahideen, 61: + Military assistance and sales, 186 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 17, 65, 87, 209 + + Multiple independently targeted re-entry + vehicles (MIRV), 29, 99, 138, 162, 258, 296, 301, 305 + Murphy, Richard, 184, 256, 262 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), 9, 28, + 55, 71, 122, 146, 161, 166, 180, 183, 208, 210, 257, 262: + Conventional weapons and, 182, 188, + 197, 204, 212, 254, 256, + 286 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 65, 66, + 105, 135 + + MX missile, 16, 98, 131, 146, 185, 188, 248 + + Nakasone Yasuhiro, 7, + 122, 214, + 297 + Namibia, 18, 28, 96, 287: + National independence, 173 + + National Conference on Soviet Jewry, 262 + National Institutes of Health, 78, 190 + National Security Council (NSC), 63, 82, 144, 207, 216, 241, 281, 298: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 73, 94 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 3, 81, 297 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud” and, 94, 144 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 3, 144 + + National Security Decision Directive: + NSDD 169, “U.S.-USSR Joint Commercial + Commission Meetings,” 31 + NSDD 183, “Meeting with Soviet Leader + in Geneva,” 73 + NSDD 194, “Meeting with Soviet Leader + in Geneva,” 123 + NSDD 195, “The US Position: Nuclear + and Space Talks,” 124 + NSDD 203, “Nuclear Testing + Limitation,” 171 + NSDD 205, “Instructions for the Fourth + Round of the US/Soviet Negotiations in Geneva,” 176 + NSDD 206, “Instructions for the Fourth + Round of the US/Soviet Negotiations in Geneva,” 176 + NSDD 209, “Implementing Decisions of + the Geneva Summit,” 190 + NSDD 223, “Implementing the Geneva + Exchanges Initiative,” 218 + NSDD 232, “Preparations for the Next + NST Negotiating Round,” 264 + NSDD 245, “Reagan-Gorbachev + Preparatory Meeting,” 298 + + National Security Planning Group (NSPG), 189: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 73, 146 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, response to, 188, 196 + Meetings, 188, 239, 243 + + NATO. See + North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + New York Times, 200, 267, 274 + Nicaragua, 5, 6, 17, 172, 240, 287: + Afghanistan, relations with, 7 + Regional issues, 186 + Soviet Union, relations with, 7, 28, 96, 152 + + Nicholson, Arthur, 15, 22, 29, 30, 281, 283: + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), associated with, 13, + 135 + + Nitze, Paul, 71, + 103, 136, + 146, 188, + 189, 192, + 196, 231, + 266, 293: + Arms control and disarmament, expert + on, 27, 28, 43, 50, 56, 62, 82, + 102, 140, 162, 164, 178, + 249, 254, 255, 258 + Chautauqua Conference (1985), speaker + at, 97 + Crowe, William, meeting with, 249 + Defense and Space, and, 50, 99, + 202 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 275 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, response to, 178 + Linhard, Robert, meeting with, 249 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” meeting with, + 82 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 146, 188 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 302, 304, 305 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November + 1985, Moscow), participant in, 135, 140 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1985, New York), participant in, 99 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), participant in, 284 + Soviet private channel, role in, 111, 114, + 206, 209 + Space-strike arms, views on, 99 + Teller, Edward, meeting with, 249 + Wade, Jim, meeting with, 249 + + Nixon, Richard, 66, + 70, 71, 214: + Brezhnev, Leonid, meeting with, 212 + Linkage, and, 138, 143, 239 + Soviet Union, relations with, 129, 239 + + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 8, 112, 182, 185, 196, + 278, 301, 306 + Conventional weapons, and, 197, 256, + 286 + Flexible response, 70 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 50, 87, + 97, 112, 114, 124, 131, + 134, 157, 176, 296, 301 + Shultz, George report to, 118, 236, + 263, 275 + Soviet Union, relations with, 9, 28, 50, 80, + 97, 129, 198 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 7, 9, 17, 70, + 80, 124, 135, 209, 239, + 249, 278, 286, 296 + + North Korea, 28, + 37, 260 + Norway, 220 + NPT. See + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NRRC. See + Nuclear Risk Reduction + Centers + NSC. See + National Security Council + NSPG. See + National Security Planning + Group + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 1, 4, 5, 13, 15, 71, 146, 244, 250, 259: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 29, 124 + Ballistic missiles and, 8, 27, 28, 50, + 82, 85, 97, 99, 111, 112, 124, + 131, 134, 157, 169, 178, + 185, 197, 275, 286, 293, + 296 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 225, 228, 230, + 284 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 185, 236, 264 + Department of Defense views on, 162, 202 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986) related to, 263, 275 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 80, 84, + 99, 122, 124, 127, 134, + 158, 164, 165, 166, 176, + 190 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 32, 87 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 related to, 183, 185, + 187, 188, 194, 264 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 162, 189, 202, + 204, 206, 282 + Kvitsinskiy, Yuliy negotiator of, 202, 236 + Linkage associated with, 22, 28, + 41, 62, 70 + Planning meeting, 4 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 15, 209 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, + 292, 306 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, + Geneva) impact on, 4, 23, 43, + 71, 157 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), + and, 112, 113, 121, 122, 127, + 138 + Soviet Nuclear and Space Talks + delegation, 176, 275 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia included in, + 28, 66, 71, 124, 131, 134, 135, + 152, 176, 188 + Space Research Institute, 49 + Space-strike arms related to, 22, 28, + 41, 43, 50, 58, 99, 101, 121, + 122, 163, 210, 245 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979) and, 46, 250 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 162, 202, 264, + 284, 293, 296, 297 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 6, 19, 23, 28, + 29, 41, 43, 46, 50, 62, 65, + 69, 70, 98, 99, 160, 200 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 105, 111, + 112, 113, 131, 135, 138, + 140, 153, 154, 158, 162, + 172, 176, 177, 180, 188, + 195, 204, 206, 227, 238, + 246, 247, 257, 258 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal + (1985), 134, 140, 157 + U.S. Nuclear and Space Talks + Delegation, 176, 250, 266, + 275 + Weapon destruction included in, 28 + + Nuclear energy safety: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + 221, 223, 225, 228, 229, + 230, 233, 234, 251, 284 + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown + (1979), 228, 229, 251 + + Nuclear nonproliferation, 29 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement + (1987), 256 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRC), 177, 190, 203, 204, 255, 259, 262, 281, 286, 287, 293, 302 + Nuclear testing: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal and, 17, 23, 65, + 135, 152, 227, 236, 239, + 249, 254, 284, 296, 301, + 305, 306, 307, 308 + Anti-satellite systems and, 95, 99, + 102, 122, 296 + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius + vs. Time EXperiment system, applied to, 203, 296, 302 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), 157 + Nuclear weapon control, 71, 140, + 157, 180, 197, 204, 205, + 212, 264, 280, 299, 305 + On-site inspections related to, 64, 68, + 76, 77, 160, 170, 203 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 171, 203, + 213, 246, 254, 264 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 293, 306 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium, + 71, 72, 76, 81, 84, 99, 114, + 121, 122, 166, 177, 183, + 207, 239, 240, 262, 263, + 265, 286, 296, 297, 306 + Soviet Union and, 207, 208, 212, 265, + 280, 286, 296 + Strategic defenses, and, 8, 213, + 243, 248, 249, 255, 264, + 299, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + related to, 286, 296, 301, + 302, 305, 306 + United States participant in, 207 + Verification and verification + protocols, 166, 170, 171, + 177, 203, 204, 205, 212, + 247, 257, 262, 265, 286, + 305, 306 + + Nudel, Ida, 28, 29, 136, 283, 289 + Nunn, Sam, 70, 81: + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, + establisher of, 135, 161 + + + Oakley, Robert, 61, + 217, 256, + 262 + Obukhov, Alexey, 256: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 262 + Defense and Space, and, 255 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 275 + Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, + interpreter for, 204 + + Occidental Petroleum Corporation, 59 + Ogarkov, Nikolai, 17, 214 + Oil: + Oil prices, 214, 306 + + Olmer, Lionel, 38 + Olympic Games (1988), 287 + O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 16, 18, 23, 32: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 15, 19, + 29, 138 + + On-site inspections, 71, 99, 134, 183, 188, 197, 204, 296: + Nuclear testing, related to, 64, 68, + 76, 77, 160, 170, 203 + Verification and verification + protocols, included in, 89, 166, 177, + 180, 280, 284, 299, 301, + 302 + + Organization of the Petroleum Exporting + Countries, 306 + Orlov, Yuri, 5, 168, 175, 181: + Daniloff, Nicholas, related to, 272, 283, + 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 + Zakharov, Gennady, related to, 283, 288, + 289, 290, 291, 292 + + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, 29, 48 + Otis, Glenn, 13, + 22 + Outer space, 28, + 41, 84, 85, 105, 135, 138, 284, 286, 302, 308: + Arms race in, 8, 9, 71, 99, 151, 152, + 153, 157, 177, 247 + + Outer Space Treaty (1967), 255, 284 + + Pacific air safety, 13, 29, 31, 55, 61, 72, 122, 134, 140, 144 + Pacific Air Safety Agreement (1985), 71, 72, 94 + Pakistan, 17, 299: + Afghanistan and, 7, 21, 23, 41, + 42, 55, 96, 157, 186 + China-Soviet Union relations, and, + 7 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 7, 41, 212, 287 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 21, 23, 42, 262 + + Palazhchenko, Pavel, 28, 106: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, + 159 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + interpreter for, 302, + 306, 307 + notetaker for, 308 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + interpreter for, 284, 285, 286, + 287, 288, 289, 292 + + Palestine, 28, 114, 174, 193, 303 + Palme, Olof, 204 + Palmer, Robie Marcus Hooker “Mark,” 11, 13, 45, 59, 62, 85, 96, 181, 193, 206: + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 47, 191, + 217 + Soviet private channel, and, 59, 67, + 114 + + Pan American World Airways, 55, 72, 159: + Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking (September + 1986), 272, 287 + + Parris, Mark, 178, + 217, 250, + 256, 276, + 302: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + notetaker for, 204 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 191, 217 + + Pascoe, Boris “Lynn,” 272 + Patolichev, Nikolai, 169: + Baldrige, Malcolm counterpart to, 26, 31 + Joint Commercial Commission, + participant in, 32 + + Pavlov, Andrei, 245 + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976) + (PNET), 65, 213, + 245, 254, + 257, 262, + 264, 286, + 296, 302, + 306: + Treaty ratification, 13, 28, + 29, 41, 61, 62, 66, 71, 77, + 203, 204 + Verification and verification + protocols, 95, 171, 265, 281, 297, + 301 + + Pentecostalists issue (1983), 38, 100, 156 + People’s Republic of China. See + China + People-to-people contacts, 16, 85, 116, 123, 143, 161, 191, 192, 197, 287 + Peres, Shimon, 119, + 193, 287 + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 201, 244 + Perle, Richard, 40, + 178, 258, + 302, 307, + 308: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 161, 162, 262, 284 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 266, 275 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), participant in, 284, 287 + + Pershing II missile, 27, 172, 185, 195, 248, 275, 282, 283, 296, 297, 299, 302 + Petrosyants, Andranik, 13, 237, 256, 259, 262 + Petrovsky, Vladimir, 135 + Platt, Nicholas, 56, + 178, 238, + 260 + PNET. See + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty + (1976) + Poindexter, John, 27, 65, 76, + 78, 167, 189, 212, 238, 253, 266, 282, 293, 307: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 178, 252, + 294 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 188, 239, 243, + 297 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 307 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 233, 241, + 274 + + Poland, 220: + Solidarity, 74, 141 + + Policy Planning Council, 7 + Politburo, 6, 24, 25, 34, 174, 215, 230: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 48, 179, 183, 191, 209, + 260, 278, 294 + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 109, 133, + 278 + + Political prisoners, 17 + Polyakov, Vladimir, 256, 259 + Popov, Viktor, 98 + Pravda, 9, 22, 36, 118, 242 + Primakov, Evgeniy, 303 + Pripyat, 224 + Problems of Philosophy (Voprosy Filosofii), 242 + Project RYaN, 198 + + Qadhafi, Muammar, 153, 167, 302, 303, 306: + Terrorists and terrorism, associated + with, 174, 195, 216, 219, 287 + + + RAND Corporation, 2, + 13, 214, 239 + Rather, Dan, 114 + Raymond, Walter, Jr., 211 + Reagan administration (1981–1988): + Arms control and disarmament, 46, 87, + 196, 207, 243, 278, 306 + Contras, and, 152, 186 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), + response to, 268, 274, 276, + 277 + Detente, response to, 2, 87, 143, 193, + 211 + “Four-part agenda” and, 52, 64, + 139, 235 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, response to, 179, 185, + 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, + 196 + Military budget, impact on, 80, 138, + 143, 236 + Mujahideen, and, 17, 65, 87, 209 + Project RYaN, impact on, 198 + Reagan Doctrine, 1, 2 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), + response to, 113 + Soviet military, relations with, 199, 232 + Soviet Union, relations with, 241 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 9, 93, 238, 308 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 2, 30, 51, 63, + 70, 71, 80, 89, 119, 123, 138, + 169, 199, 252, 266, 280 + + Reagan, Nancy, 71, + 83, 163, 169, 297, 308: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 159 + + Reagan, Ronald, 15, + 52, 89, 105, 127, 163, 210, 213, 294: + Afghanistan, and, 212 + Arms control and disarmament, 5, 43, 105, 138, + 153, 178, 245, 308 + Chernenko, Konstantin, correspondence + with, 1 + Eureka College, speaker at, 86 + “Four-part agenda” and, 27, 52, + 55, 178, 274, 297, 300 + G–7 Economic Summit (1986), + participant in, 214, 251 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, + 156, 157, 158, 159 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + correspondence with, 1, + 10, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 41, 46, 68, 69, 84, 115, 120, 127, 128, 163, 166, 168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 203, 208, 213, 235, 247, 251, 254, 271, 273, 280 + meeting with, 150, 151, 152, 153, 301, 302, 306, 308 + + Human rights, and, 121, 156, 168, 181, + 212, 301 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 15, 209 + Nuclear testing and, 171, 203, + 213, 246, 254, 264 + Republican Party, relations with, 245, 252, + 308 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 298, 306, 309 + + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 105, 106, 114, 121, 283 + Soviet Union, education about, 39, 60, + 74, 79, 109, 117, 129, + 133 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + views on, 163 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 23, 69, 82, 151, 153, 157, 195, + 309 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, + 93, 125, 192, 225, 236 + United Nations General Assembly, + speaker at, 21, 96, 120, 144, 158, + 173, 190, 197, 287, 288 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 138, 156 + + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (October 1985, + New York), 121 + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, + Washington), 103, 105, 106, 107, 115, 116 + Refuseniks, 5, 41, 119: + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations + impact on, 38 + Zakharov, Gennady exchanged for, 276, 279, + 283, 288, 289 + + Regan, Donald, 103, + 106, 214, + 243, 274, + 290, 293: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 243 + + Regional issues, 184, 256, 262: + Afghanistan, 5, 6, 21, 29, 48, 65, + 94, 122, 138, 143 + Angola, 92, + 96, 117, 122, 173, 186, + 214, 239 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 94, 95, + 96, 120, 122, 135, 140, + 144, 160, 161, 163, 165, + 172, 173, 197 + Middle East, 9, 21, 22, 28, 42, 65, + 71, 96, 122, 135, 186, + 287 + Nicaragua, 186 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 303 + Southern Africa, 137, 161, 173, 186, + 204, 257, 303 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 17, 23, 120, 152, 186, + 191, 195, 212 + United Nations mediator of, 23, 120, + 152, 173, 195 + U.S.-China relations, 28 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 5, 18, 21, 23, + 28, 41, 55, 71, 105, 120, 191, + 194, 212, 246, 256, 257, + 260, 303 + + Republican Party, 87, 306: + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 245, 252, + 308 + + Republic of Korea. See + South Korea + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 297, 301, 302, 306, 307, + 308 + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 293, 296, 297, 306 + Arms Control Support Group views on, + 296 + Ballistic missiles and, 299, 304, + 305, 306, 307, 308 + Bomber counting rule, 302, 304 + Conventional weapons and, 302 + Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 274, 279, + 283, 285, 289, 292 + Department of State role in, 298, 301 + “Four-part agenda” included in, 300, 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 294, 297 + + Hopkins, William interpreter for, 302, 303 + Human rights, and, 293, 301, 303 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 292, 293 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + impact on, 292, 306 + Nuclear testing and, 293, 306 + Palazhchenko, Pavel notetaker for, + 308 + Presidential itinerary, 300 + Press coverage, 293, 298, 309 + Reagan, Ronald + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 298, 306, 309 + + Regional issues, and, 303 + Senior Arms Control Group views on, + 296 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, + 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, + 309 + Shultz, George + participant in, 301, + 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 + views on, 293 + + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 296, 304, + 306, 307 + Strategic Defense Initiative impact + on, 308, 309 + Summit planning, 277, 283, 285, 289, + 290, 291, 292, 293, 296, + 297, 298 + Tarasenko, Sergei notetaker for, 302 + U.S. Congress and, 293 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, + 305, 306, 307, 308, 309 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 301, 306 + Washington Summit (1987), precursor + to, 293, 296, 300, 301 + + Rhinesmith, Steven, 211, 262, 287 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” 62, 64, 100, 106, 114, 174, 178, 222, 238, 270, 276, 308: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, counterpart + to, 250, 256, 257, 258, 287, + 288, 292, 303 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 183 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September + 1986, Washington), participant in, 287 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 75, 154, + 207, 221 + Summit planning, views on, 250 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 103, 161, 183, 250, 262, + 287, 289, 302 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 68, 149, 201, 217, 231, + 241 + + Rodman, Peter, 14, + 270, 277, + 302: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 164, 182 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 182 + Regional issues, and, 259, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 303 + U.S.-NATO relations, views on, 164 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 186, 200 + + Romanov, Grigory, 48, 53, 59, + 198 + Rosen, Morris, 229 + Rostenkowski, Dan, 19 + Rostropovich, Mstislav, 306 + Rowen, Henry, 214 + Rowny, Edward, 146, + 188, 189, + 192, 196, + 260, 296, + 302: + Arms control and disarmament, expert + on, 179 + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263, 266, 275 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 179 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 146, 188 + + Russian Orthodox Church, 159 + Ruwe, L. Nicholas, 300 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 212, 226, 244, 280: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 34, 45, + 53, 230 + Soviet private channel, associated + with, 51 + + + SA–5 missiles, 167, + 173, 195 + SACG. See + Senior Arms Control Group + Safronchuk, Vasily, 191 + Sakharov, Andrei, 6, + 29, 168, 175, 181, 239, 245, 274, 283, 285: + Human rights, advocate for, 29, 283 + Nuclear engineering, and, 249 + Refuseniks, member of, 5, 41, 119 + + SALT. See + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972) + SALT II (1979), 32, + 45, 65, 86, 97, 105, 112, 131, 135, 227, 242, 244, 250, 284, 293 (see also + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979)): + Telemetry encryption, 46, 57, + 264, 302 + Treaty compliance, 28, 46, 57, 124, + 264, 302 + Treaty ratification, 71, 99, + 122, 138, 170, 236, 247, + 264 + + Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, + Frente Sandinista de Liberación + Nacional), 21, 152, 186 + Saudi Arabia, 306 + Savimbi, Jonas, 287 + SCC. See + Standing Consultative + Commission + Schifter, Richard, 11 + Scowcroft, Brent, 111, 114 + SDI. See + Strategic Defense Initiative + Senate Observer Group, 238 + Senior Arms Control Group (SACG), 27, 161, 171, 176, 190: + Arms Control Support Group, and, 91, 170, + 185, 249, 296 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 296 + + Sestanovich, Stephen, 3, 85, 96, 259, 274: + Daniloff, Nicholas, views on, 277 + + Shcharanskiy, Anatoly, 5, 6, 28, 29, 119, 175, 262: + Divided families, associated with, + 136, 168, 175, 181, 193, + 194, 285 + + Shcherbitsky, Vladimir, 1, 5, 11, 15, 48, + 89, 223, 240: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) and, + 226, 230 + + Shevardnadze, Eduard, 53, 54, 55, 75, 90, 127, 174, 241: + China-Soviet Union relations, views + on, 106 + Geneva Summit (1985) + participant in, 151, + 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159 + views on, 99, 108, 165 + + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 54 + Gromyko, Andrei, and, 53, 54, + 55, 101 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 149, 165, + 210, 228 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 105, 106, + 114, 121, 283 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, + 309 + Shultz, George + meeting with, 71, 99, 100, 107, 122, 134, 135, 136, 140, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + views on, 72, 101, 108 + + United Nations General Assembly, and, + 99, 280, 288, 299, 303 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 134, 192 + + Shevardnadze, Nanuli, 71, 83, 107, 122, 138 + Short-range attack missile (SRAM), 124, 135, 304, 308 + Short-range intermediate nuclear forces + (SRINF), 124, 180, 185, 263, 286, 292, 296, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308: + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, 284 + + Shultz-Bessmertnykh meeting (July 1986, + Washington), 257 + Shultz, George, 28, + 88, 93, 106, 239, 243: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, + 257 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), + views on, 273 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 13, 18, + 22, 35, 36, 43, 46, 52, 55, + 83, 90, 167, 174, 184, + 194, 212 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 244 + Economic affairs, and, 106, 205 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, + 158, 159 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 5, 71, 99, 100, + 122, 134, 135, 136, 138, + 139, 140, 283, 284, 285, + 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 28, 30, + 32 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + report to, 118, 236, 263, + 275 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + participant in, 301, + 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 + views on, 293 + + Shevardnadze, Eduard + meeting with, 71, 99, 100, 107, 122, 134, 135, 136, 140, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + views on, 72, 101, 108 + + Shultz-Gromyko meeting (1985, Vienna), + views on, 29 + Summit planning, views on, 30, 35, + 41, 194 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 29, 88, 187, 236, 257 + + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November 1985, + Moscow), 138 + Shultz-Gromyko meeting (1985, Vienna), 28, 30 + Shultz, Helena O’Bie, 107, 108, 122, 138, 289 + Shultz-Ryzhkov meeting (March 1986, + Stockholm), 204, 205 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, + Helsinki), 71 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, + Moscow), 134, 135, 136, 140 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October 1985, + New York), 122 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, + New York), 99 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, + New York), 288, 289, 292 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, + Washington), 283, 284, 285, 286, 287 + Simons, Thomas, 11: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, + 255 + Mikol’chak, Vitaliy, counterpart to, + 262, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + notetaker for, 302, 308 + participant in, 303 + + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 279 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 255, 256, 262 + + SLBM. See + Submarine-launched ballistic + missile + SLCM. See + Submarine-launched cruise + missiles + SMHI. See + Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological + Institute + Smith, Gerard, 153 + SNDV. See + Strategic nuclear delivery + vehicle + Sofaer, Abraham, 147, 268, 270, 274 + Sokolov, Oleg, 13, + 44, 64, 99, 106, 201, 222, 262, 276: + Burt, Richard “Rick,” meeting with, + 12 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 24 + Palmer, Robie Marcus Hooker “Mark,” + meeting with, 47, 191, 217 + Parris, Mark, meeting with, 191, 217 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” meeting with, + 75, 154, 207, 221 + Simons, Thomas, meeting with, 279 + Soviet Union, representative of, 10, 22, + 56, 68, 154, 256, 259 + + Sokolov, Sergei, 17, + 24, 169, 268: + Weinberger, Caspar counterpart to, + 199, 232 + + Solidarity, 60, 74 + Sommer, Peter, 142 + South Africa, 96: + Apartheid, 28, 287 + + Southeast Asia, 18, + 21 + Southern Africa, 2, + 9, 18, 21, 29, 287: + Regional issues, 137, 161, 173, 186, + 204, 257, 303 + + South Korea, 287, + 299 + Soviet Armed Forces Day, 199 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), 131, 134, 157: + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 112, 113, 121, 122, 127, + 138 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + response to, 113 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal + (1985) and, 135, 140, 143, + 154 + + Soviet foreign policy, 54, 87, 109, 133, 253, 278: + Brezhnev Doctrine, 3, 60, 74, 242 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 223, 228, 230, + 231, 243 + Gorbachev, Mikhail impact on, 17, 29, + 36, 47, 48, 54, 79, 112, 126, + 145, 150, 179, 183, 191, + 200, 209, 215, 242, 253, + 260, 278, 294 + + Soviet military: + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union, relations with, 198 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 17, 145, 183, 209, 242 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 199, 232 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal + (1985), and, 131 + + Soviet Ministry of Defense, 199 + Soviet Mission at the United Nations, 216, 240, 291, 292: + Espionage, allegations of, 274, 285, + 288 + Reduction, 201, 274, 281, 283, + 285, 287, 290 + + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 282, 299, 302: + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, 188, 205, 239, 280, + 286, 301, 305, 306, 307 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), 98, 99, 112, + 114, 124, 131, 135, 157, + 176, 185, 188, 212, 262, + 286, 297, 302, 304 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + included in, 28, 66, 71, 124, 131, + 134, 135, 152, 176, 188 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 296, 304, + 306, 307 + + Soviet Union, 8, 60, 63, 85, 87, 109, 129, 133, 143, 150, 152, 155, 209, 211, 214, 218, 245, 278, 287, 295, 303: + Able Archer (1983), response to, 261 + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, + 37, 48, 155, 159, 214 + Chemical agents, 78 + Chernenko, Konstantin former leader + of, 1, 48, + 53, 87, 141 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + response to, 220, 222, 223, + 226, 229, 231, 232, 234, + 235 + China, relations with, 7, 74, 106, 117, + 214, 227, 260 + Clandestine intelligence collection, + allegations of, 274, 288, 289, + 290, 291, 292, 295 + Consumer goods, 110, 214 + Contadora, 28 + Cuba, relations with, 21, 71, + 86, 129 + Cultural heritage, 79, 136, 155 + Disinformation, 3 + Eastern Europe, relations with, 37, 48, + 117, 214, 227 + Economic affairs, and, 125, 129, + 141, 214 + Economic reform, 17, 37, 87, 94, + 141, 215, 236, 278 + Emigration, and, 60, 71, 100, 129, + 175, 181, 283 + Europe, relations with, 97, 242, + 284 + Five-Year Plan for 1986–90, 110, 209 + Free flow of information, 211, 218 + GNP (Gross National Product), decline + in, 214 + Historical overview, 39, 60, + 74, 79, 94, 133, 141, 155 + Human rights, and, 38, 60, 136, 175 + International trade, participant in, + 23, 214, 242 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 303 + Islam, 159 + Japan, relations with, 260 + Libya, diplomatic relations with, 219, 228, + 240, 287 + Military budget, 151, 214, 236, 243, + 278 + Military capabilities, 110, 125, + 133, 145, 227, 239 + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), response to, 12, 13 + Nicaragua, relations with, 7, 28, 96, 152 + Nixon, Richard, relations with, 129, 239 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 9, 28, 50, + 80, 97, 129, 198 + Nuclear testing, and, 207, 208, + 212, 265, 280, 286, 296 + Nuclear weapon freeze, and, 8 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, + 7, 41, + 212, 287 + Personal computers, 214 + Politics, 109 + Propaganda, allegations of, 89, 105, + 126, 180, 188, 191, 195, + 207, 265 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 241 + Reagan, Ronald education about, 39, 60, + 74, 79, 109, 117, 129, + 133 + Refuseniks, response to, 79, 119, + 141 + Religious freedom, 60, 79, 109, 159 + Russian Orthodox Church, 159 + Social reform, 37, 79 + Sokolov, Oleg representative of, 10, 22, + 56, 68, 154, 256, 259 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April + 1985), 22 + Soviet foreign policy, 5, 17, 79, 126, + 152, 294, 296 + Soviet government reform, 40, 48, + 53, 54, 66, 109, 215, 253, 259 + Soviet GRU, 98, 198 + Soviet hardliners, 40, 48, 145, 215, + 239, 242, 243 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 23, 138, 143, + 199, 232, 240, 299 + Soviet nuclear testing limitation + proposal, 170, 171, 177, 180, 204, + 286 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium, + 8, 19, + 48, 68, 69, 77, 105, 140, 170, + 230, 280 + Soviet percentage proposal, and, 58, 157 + Space program, 74 + Strategic Defense Initiative, response + to, 6, 19, + 37, 80, 133, 143, 147, + 152, 172, 248 + Strategic defenses, capable of, 8, 23, 28, 29, + 71, 99, 105, 133, 134, + 138, 143, 151, 152, 157, + 180, 195, 202, 258, 278, + 301, 308 + United States bombing of Libya (April + 1986), response to, 219 + United States INF deployments (1983), + response to, 231 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 15, 129 + V-E Day 40th anniversary (1985), + response to, 9, 24, 28 + Western Europe, relations with, 6, 117, + 129 + West Germany, relations with, 214 + + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 17: + Cordovez, Diego mediator of, 55, 173, + 186 + Korniyenko, Georgiy negotiator of, + 191 + United Nations Security Council role + in, 173 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 65, 66, + 69 + + Space activities: + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 41, 81, + 84, 138, 139, 162 + + Space Cooperation Agreement (1972), 256 + Space Research Institute, 49 + Space-strike arms, 206, 254, 255, 257, 264, 284, 296, 299, 308: + Arms race and, 5, 135, 138, 139, + 140, 157, 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 69, 81, + 84, 105, 152, 154, 160, + 161, 162, 163, 172, 177, + 195, 280, 301, 302 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + related to, 22, 28, 41, 43, 50, + 58, 99, 101, 121, 122, + 163, 210, 245 + Removal of weapons, 154, 157 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, + Geneva) related to, 102, 153, 158 + + Special National Intelligence Estimate: + SNIE 11–9–86, “Gorbachev’s Policy + Toward the United States, 1986-1988,” 278 + + Spiers, Ronald, 7 + SRAM. See + Short-range attack missile + SRINF. See + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces + SS–18 ICBM, 195, + 296, 302, + 308 + SS–20 ICBM, 8, 16, 98, 275 + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + Stalin, Joseph, 37 + Standing Consultative Commission (SCC), 46, 62, 122, 134, 256, 286: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + violation, and, 28, 99, 284 + + Stavropol, 32 + Stearman, William, 81 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), + 41, 122, 135, 146, 147, 152, 227, 244, 246, 247, 284, 293: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 5, 32, + 50, 61, 99, 101, 278 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 46, 250 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, and, 138, 143 + + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (1972) + (SALT), 61, 99, + 101, 105, + 112, 138, + 152, 236, + 246, 247, + 284, 302 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991): + Air-launched cruise missiles, and, + 8, 27, + 28, 124, 131, 284, 296 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + and, 296, 297, 305, 308 + Arms control and disarmament and, 62, 70, + 72, 97, 188, 275, 284, + 296, 306 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 28, 296, 297, 305 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987) and, 6, 27, 98, + 127, 208, 212, 245, 246, + 247, 256, 257, 264, 275, + 282, 293, 296, 297, 302, + 304, 305, 306 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 162, 202, 264, 284, 293, + 296, 297 + Potential interim agreement, 297, 301 + Soviet suspension of talks (1983), + 132 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 62, 97, + 98, 131, 202, 227, 236, + 240, 278, 296, 301, 304, + 305, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 27, 212, 258, 284, 296, + 297, 299, 301, 304, 305, + 306, 307, 308 + + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 16, 86, 99, 125, 130, 134, 151, 153, 154, 157, 162, 178, 188, 239, 243, 254, 258, 264, 284, 296, 301, 302, 306: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + compliance, and, 23, 42, 49, + 50, 70, 71, 82, 91, 93, 97, + 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, + 113, 118, 124, 134, 135, + 138, 146, 147, 152, 153, + 180, 186, 192, 197, 202, + 206, 212, 227, 236, 238, + 243, 247, 249, 254, 255, + 257, 258, 264, 280, 284 + Budgets, 249 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 188, 257 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 and, 185, 187, 188, 195, + 302 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 70, 80, 87, + 97, 98, 131, 153, 202, + 206, 243, 286, 309 + Laboratory testing, 249, 280, + 284, 308 + Linkage and, 22, 82, 97, 104, + 131, 153 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 6, 19, + 23, 28, 29, 41, 43, 46, 50, + 62, 65, 69, 70, 98, 99, 160, + 200 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + and, 9, 93, + 238, 308 + Research and development, 153, 154, + 157, 163, 236, 238, 243, + 254, 255, 258, 284, 296, + 302, 304, 306, 308 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, + 308, 309 + Soviet Union response to, 6, 19, 37, 80, + 133, 143, 147, 152, 172, + 248 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 62, 97, 98, + 131, 202, 227, 236, 240, + 278, 296, 301, 304, 305, + 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + related to, 17, 90, 91, 92, 93, + 94, 95, 97, 101, 104, 105, 112, + 132, 143, 153, 154, 157, + 163, 177, 187, 195, 202, + 236, 243, 254, 264, 278, + 284, 301, 304, 309 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, 86, 90, 92, + 93, 97, 138, 140, 146, + 172, 299 + Supercomputers, related to, 130 + U.S. Congress and, 132, 200, 239, 243 + Weinberger, Caspar views on, 43, 86, + 94, 152, 243, 249, 254 + + Strategic defenses, 8, 23, 56, + 67, 69, 123, 151, 153, 157, 195, 243, 309: + Air and missile defense, 86, 92, + 97, 99, 104, 105, 135, + 138, 154, 158, 195, 197, + 243, 302 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + whether permitted by, 8, 23, 41, + 42, 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, 91, + 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, 105, 118, + 127, 138, 146, 147, 152, + 153, 180, 186, 188, 192, + 206, 227, 236, 243, 247, + 249, 254, 255, 258, 264, + 284, 296, 301, 304, 308 + Ballistic missiles and, 41, 49, + 62, 91, 101, 133, 195, + 254, 258 + Deterrence, 77, 158, 239, 243, + 286 + First strike capability, related to, + 23, 43, 195, 212, 243, + 245, 254, 257, 278, 284, + 301, 302 + Military balance, impact on, 92, 104, + 105, 118, 133, 157 + Nuclear testing and, 8, 213, 243, 248, + 249, 255, 264, 299, 308 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium and, + 8, 28, + 41, 65 + Soviet Union capable of, 8, 23, 28, 29, + 71, 99, 105, 133, 134, + 138, 143, 151, 152, 157, + 180, 195, 202, 258, 278, + 301, 308 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, related to, 56, + 69, 70, 71, 85, 95, 111, 124, + 127, 134, 135, 138, 140, + 146, 152, 153, 154, 157, + 158, 163, 172, 188, 197, + 236, 296, 299, 305 + + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle (SNDV), + 8, 134, 135, 152, 177, 197, 263, 284, 296, 304 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, 56: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal associated with, 113, 134, 206, 236, + 238, 239, 247, 284, 296, + 297, 306, 308 + Arms control and disarmament, 23, 43, + 90, 98, 113, 123, 127, + 233 + China and, 99, 177, 180, 197, + 289 + Conventional weapons and, 70, 85, + 86, 97, 104, 135, 164, + 178, 258 + Department of Defense response to, + 86, 91 + Europe, in, 180, 247, 280, 286, + 301, 302, 305, 307 + France and, 180, 187, 197, 205, + 212, 239, 280, 286, 296, + 301, 302, 306 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 105, 111, + 112, 113, 131, 135, 138, + 140, 153, 154, 158, 162, + 172, 176, 177, 180, 188, + 195, 204, 206, 227, 238, + 246, 247, 257, 258 + Nuclear testing related to, 286, 296, + 301, 302, 305, 306 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), 27, 212, 258, + 284, 296, 297, 299, 301, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 + Strategic Defense Initiative related + to, 17, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, + 97, 101, 104, 105, 112, + 132, 143, 153, 154, 157, + 163, 177, 187, 195, 202, + 236, 243, 254, 264, 278, + 284, 301, 304, 309 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile + included in, 134, 157, 162, + 254 + United Kingdom and, 164, 177, + 180, 187, 197, 205, 212, + 239, 280, 286, 296, 301, + 302, 306 + U.S.-NATO relations affected by, 239, 249, + 278, 286, 296 + U.S. nuclear triad included in, 308 + Verification and verification + protocols, 97, 152, 153, 154, 158, + 160, 170, 177, 185, 187, + 188, 194, 195, 197, 258, + 284, 299, 301, 308 + + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons + systems, 296, 299, 307, 308: + Deterrence, 86, 97, 99, 104, + 133, 158, 197, 203, 284 + France, in, 71, 84, 99, 130, + 153, 161, 162, 164, 177, + 178 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces + and, 122, 284 + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 284 + Strategic Defense Initiative, 86, 90, + 92, 93, 97, 138, 140, 146, 172, + 299 + Strategic defenses related to, 56, 69, + 70, 71, 85, 95, 111, 124, 127, + 134, 135, 138, 140, 146, + 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, + 163, 172, 188, 197, 236, + 296, 299, 305 + United Kingdom and, 99, 130, 153, 161, + 162, 164, 177, 178 + + Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), + 264, 284, + 301, 302, + 304: + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + included in, 134, 157, 162, + 254 + Trident SLBM, 77, 98, 172, 185, + 195 + + Submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), + 102, 124, + 135, 304, + 305 + Sudan, 219 + Sukhodrev, Viktor, 5, + 9, 32, 36 + Supreme Soviet, 129, 156, 165 + Suriname, 21 + Suslov, Mikhail, 198 + Sweden, 204, 220, 222, 228 + Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological + Institute (SMHI, Sveriges meteorologiska och + hydrologiska institut), 220 + Syria, 28, 37, 46, 122, 219, 287, 303 + + Tarasenko, Sergei, 106, 283: + Expert-level talks on arms control + (1986), participant in, 263 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), notetaker + for, 302 + + TASS. See + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet + Union + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS, + Telegraphnoye Agentstvo Sovyetskogo + Soyvza), 41, 114, 138, 222, 224, 267, 287 + Teller, Edward, 249 + Terrorists and terrorism, 204, 217, 251, 256, 259, 262: + Qadhafi, Muammar associated with, 174, 195, + 216, 219, 287 + TWA Flight 847 hijacking (1985), 57, 61, + 71, 122 + + Thailand, 186 + Thatcher, Margaret, 93, 122, 233: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 3, 5, + 151, 155, 306 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 192 + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 93, 125, + 192, 225, 236 + + Thermonuclear fusion, 122, 134, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 148, 161, 165, 190, 249, 287, 306 + Thomas, Charles, 206 + Thomas, Lee, 144 + Thomas, W. Dennis, 214 + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown (1979), + 228, 229, + 230, 251 + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974) (TTBT), 213, 245, 254, 257, 262, 264, 286, 293, 296, 299: + Treaty ratification, 13, 28, + 29, 41, 61, 62, 66, 71, 77, + 203, 204, 302 + Verification and verification + protocols, 95, 171, 265, 281, 297, + 301, 302 + + Throw-weight, 284, + 296, 301, + 302 + Thule radar, 122, + 140, 284, + 296 + Thurmond, Strom, 80 + Tikhonov, Nikolay, 34, 48 + Timbie, James, 178, + 206, 227: + Arms Control Support Group, member of, + 170 + + TIME magazine, 81, 89, 90, 101, 111, 112, 129, 132 + Tindemans, Leonard “Leo,” 7 + Tobey, William, 283 + Tower, John: + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4, 58 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, and, 124 + U.S. Nuclear and Space Talks + Delegation, member of, 4, 99 + + Trade unions, 306 + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear + Weapons (1968) (NPT), 284, 286: + Verification and verification + protocols related to, 99, 102, 154 + + Treml, Vladimir, 214 + Trident SLBM, 77, + 98, 172, 185, 195 + Trimble, Jeff, 267 + Tsvigun, Semyon, 198 + TTBT. See + Threshold Test Ban Treaty + (1974) + Tunisia, 219 + TWA Flight 847 hijacking (1985), 57 + + Ukraine, 136, 156, 220, 302 + UN. See + United Nations + United Kingdom, 3, + 22, 23, 166, 200, 201, 202, 212, 249, 286: + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, + 188, 191, 192 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + and, 6, 8, + 97, 131, 180 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 164, 177, 180, 187, 197, + 205, 212, 239, 280, 286, + 296, 301, 302, 306 + Strategic offensive weapons and + weapons systems, and, 99, 130, 153, + 161, 162, 164, 177, 178 + + United Nations Security Council: + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 287, 288 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + role in, 173 + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 18, 28, + 173 + + United Nations (UN), 88, 120, 121, 201, 204: + Clandestine intelligence collection, + 285, 288, 289, 290, 291, + 292, 295 + Regional issues, mediator of, 23, 120, + 152, 173, 195 + Soviet Mission at the United Nations, + 216, 240, 291, 292 + United Nations General Assembly, 8, 9, 18, 21, + 22, 24, 29, 56, 69, 246, 257, + 262, 277 + United Nations Secretariat, 267, 268, + 270, 274, 288, 289 + + United States, 136, + 143, 156, + 169, 303, + 306 (see also + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues; + U.S.-Soviet Union relations): + Bombing of Libya (April, 1986), 216, 219, + 228, 232, 287 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + response to, 221, 222, 224, + 225, 228, 230, 234 + China, relations with, 28, 88, + 186, 260 + Discrimination, and, 136, 143, + 156, 169, 303, 306 + Flexible response, 70 + Foreign policy, 2, 126 + Gorbachev, Mikhail invited to, 165, 167, + 172, 174, 184, 190 + Human rights, and, 169, 303 + Immigration, and, 136 + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986), + response to, 216 + Military budget, 151, 200, 236, 239 + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985), response to, 13 + Mujahideen, and, 65, 186, 209 + NATO INF deployment (1983), 8, 50, 58, 97, + 124, 135, 157, 197, 286 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 29, 70, 88, + 92, 130, 132, 135, 164, + 194, 233, 236, 239, 249, + 278, 286, 296 + Nuclear testing, participant in, 207 + Nuclear triad, 58, 118, 308 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, + 21, 23, 42, 262 + Presidential election (1984), 51 + Religious freedom, 156 + Unemployment, and, 119 + United States Armed Forces, 193 + U.S. Air Force, 193 + U.S. Embassy, Moscow, 78, 201, + 207, 268 + U.S. presidential election (1984), + 51 + + United States Information Agency (USIA), 190, 211, 212, 218 + Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), + 19, 23 + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 18, 28, 173 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal (1985), + 134, 140, + 157: + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), + and, 135, 140, 143, 154 + Soviet military and, 131 + + U.S.-China relations, 88, 106: + Regional issues, 28 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 7, 130, + 164, 199 + + U.S. Congress, 3, + 153, 159, + 238, 245, + 261, 265, + 302, 306: + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 138, 156 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 293 + Soviet Union, relations with, 15, 129 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 132, 200, 239, 243 + + USIA. See + United States Information + Agency + U.S.-NATO relations, 164, 258, 265, 277, 298: + Arms control and disarmament and, 6, 17, 77 + Europe and, 13, 32, 99, 129, + 157, 164, 176, 182, 189, + 195, 262 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, + 188, 189, 194 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + affected by, 239, 249, 278, + 286, 296 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 7, 9, 17, 70, + 80, 88, 92, 124, 130, 132, 135, + 164, 189, 194, 209, 233, + 236, 239, 249, 278, 286, + 296 + + U.S. News and World + Report, 271, 274 + Uspensky, Nikolai, 28, 121, 135, 138: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, + 150, 151, 153, 156, 157 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), interpreter + for, 301, 308 + + U.S.-Soviet Exchanges Initiative, 211, 218 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, 42, 71, 103, 161, 165, 183, 210, 250, 255, 256, 262, 287, 289: + Cancer research, 218 + Civil aviation, 13, 23, 62, 71, + 72, 134, 144, 159, 161, + 204 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), included in, 28 + Consular offices, 13, 140, 144 + Educational exchange, 116, 218 + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, + 96, 127, 144, 149, 158, + 204 + Information exchange, 116 + Maritime boundaries, 71, 165 + Medical sciences, 106 + Nuclear energy safety, 247, 256, + 287 + Pacific air safety, 5, 23, 29, 55, + 61, 72, 122, 134, 140, + 144 + People-to-people contacts, 96, 105, + 116, 118, 135, 151, 161, + 168, 192, 199, 211, 212, + 287 + Soviet private channel, 111, 114, + 116 + Space activities, 130, 139 + Sports diplomacy, 116, 218 + Thermonuclear fusion, 134, 137, + 138, 140, 142, 144, 161, + 165, 190, 249, 287, 306 + U.S.-Soviet cultural exchanges, 9, 13, 29, 62, + 85, 96, 105, 106, 122, + 123, 134, 142, 151, 156, + 158, 165, 204, 218, 287, + 306 + + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 3, 32, 47, 63, 65, 88, 134, 144, 161, 186, 187, 192, 200, 209, 236, 257, 292, 301, 303: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 5, 6, + 8, 13, + 15, 29, 127, 132 + Berlin air corridors impact on, 22, 28, + 29, 30, 55, 61, 71, 135, 186 + Chautauqua Conference (1985), 47, 97 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 232, 233, 234, + 257 + China-Soviet Union relations related + to, 7, 260 + Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 270, 271, + 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, + 279, 280, 283, 285, 287, + 288, 289, 291, 292, 295 + Department of State + and, 14, 20, 73, 190, 207, 218, 267 + views on, 2, 14, 67, 292 + + Deterrence, 77, 146, 158, 203 + Developing countries, and, 150, 152, + 163 + Economic cooperation, 116 + Europe and, 28, 41, 112, 151, + 205, 214, 219 + “Four-part agenda” and, 13, 15, + 27, 137, 161, 174, 190, + 197, 298 + Geneva Summit (1985) and, 71, 73, + 80, 84, 94, 132, 135, 158, 161, + 163, 164, 165, 166, 169, + 176, 187, 190, 191, 192, + 200, 204, 205, 208, 210, + 234, 235, 239, 246, 247, + 254, 280, 292, 294, 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail impact on, 3, 9, 37, 61, + 278 + Historical overview, 92, 106 + Human rights and, 5, 6, 11, 30, 32, 71, + 136, 137, 143, 175, 181, + 245, 262, 283, 303 + International relations, impact on, + 5, 10, + 71, 123, 138, 139, 140, + 150, 151, 169 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 28, 138 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union + impact on, 28, 94, 119, 136, 156, + 168, 257, 262 + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986) + impact on, 217 + Military balance related to, 92, 99, + 104, 105, 129, 143, 151, + 185, 187, 197 + Military buildup impact on, 151, 152 + Military Liaison Mission incident + (March 1985) impact on, 15, 17, 22, + 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 41, + 42, 46, 55, 71, 94, 101 + Military-to-military contacts, 232 + National Security Council and, 3, 144 + National security interests, mediated + by, 151, 172, 177, 185, 208, + 236, 247 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 7, 9, + 17, 70, 80, 124, 135, 209, 239, + 249, 278, 286, 296 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 2, 30, + 51, 63, 70, 71, 80, 89, 119, + 123, 138, 169, 199, 252, + 266, 280 + Regional issues and, 5, 18, 21, 23, + 28, 41, 55, 71, 105, 120, 191, + 194, 212, 246, 256, 257, + 260, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, + 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, + 305, 306, 307, 308, 309 + SALT II Treaty compliance, related to, + 46, 105, 143, 247, 258, + 264, 284, 302 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, and, 23, 94, 152, + 161, 173, 232 + Soviet private channel, 67, 115, + 128 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + and, 65, 66, 69 + Space cooperation, 244, 245, 254, 256, + 262, 287 + Summit planning, 14, 24, 30 + Trade relations, 26, 31, 32, 87, + 94, 129, 151, 160, 169 + U.S.-China relations and, 7, 130, + 164, 199 + U.S.-NATO relations and, 7, 9, 17, 70, + 80, 88, 92, 124, 130, 132, 135, + 164, 189, 194, 209, 233, + 236, 239, 249, 278, 286, + 296 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + and, 212, 245, 246 + Visas, 201 + Western Europe, and, 98, 182, + 185 + + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations: + Baldrige, Malcolm role in, 144, 161, + 165, 168 + Electronic equipment, 169 + Emigration impact on, 31, 32, + 38, 95, 168, 169, 303 + Export Administration Act (1979), 169 + Human rights impact on, 17, 26, + 31, 94, 100, 108, 114, + 129, 136, 156, 161, 167, + 168, 169, 175, 181, 306 + Joint Commercial Commission mediator + of, 23, 28, 55, 62 + Refuseniks, impact on, 38 + + U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the + Field of Environmental Protection (1972), 190 + U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the + Field of Medical Science and Public Health (1972), 190 + U.S.-USSR Trade and Economic Council, 165, 169 + + V-E Day 40th anniversary (1985), 16, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29 + Velikhov, Evgeny, 50, 65, 66, + 146, 148 + Verification and verification protocols, 71, 124: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + 97, 124, 227 + Chemical weapons, 29, 61, 195, 197, + 204, 286 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + related to, 225 + Conventional weapons, 204, 286 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), included in, 188, 191, 210, 296, + 299, 302 + National Technical Means included in, + 8, 69, + 84, 97, 140, 166, 177, + 185, 197, 203 + Nuclear testing, 166, 170, 171, 177, + 203, 204, 205, 212, 247, + 257, 262, 265, 286, 305, + 306 + On-site inspections included in, 89, 166, + 177, 180, 280, 284, 299, + 301, 302 + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty + (1976), 95, 171, 265, 281, 297, + 301 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), included in, + 301, 306 + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974), 95, 171, + 265, 281, 297, 301, 302 + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968), related to, 99, 102, 154 + Treaty ratification result of, 71, 124 + Weapon destruction, 177, 204, + 212 + Weapons and weapons systems, 97, 104, + 105, 134, 135, 138, 146, + 152, 157, 162, 195 + + Vessey, John W., Jr., 76, 77: + Joint Chiefs of Staff, chair of, 92, 104 + + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, 28, 71, 152, 186 + Visas, 201, 306: + Trade unions, 306 + + Vladivostok, 260, + 262 + Voice of America, 306 + Vorontsov, Yuli, 250 + + Wade, Jim, 249 + “Walk in the Woods” (1982), 17, 114, 296 + Wallis, W. Allen, 214 + Walters, Vernon “Dick,” 152 + Warner, John, 135, + 161 + Warnke, Paul, 153 + Warsaw Treaty Organization, 28, 48, 97, 117, 133, 197, 220, 254, 284, 306 + Washington Post, 261 + Weapons and weapons systems: + Air-launched cruise missiles, 8, 27, 28, 58, + 70, 97, 99, 112, 124, 131, 134, + 135, 153, 157, 197, 254, + 284, 296, 302, 304, 305 + Anti-satellite systems, 8, 50, 65, 70, + 71, 89, 95, 97, 99, 102, 112, + 122, 140, 195, 202, 236, + 238, 247, 257, 296, 301 + Ballistic missiles, 27, 28, 97, 99, + 112, 124, 130, 134, 138, + 169, 172, 178, 195, 197, + 219, 227, 243, 254, 264, + 275, 283, 284, 296, 299, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 + D-5 submarine-launched ballistic + missile, 77, 98, 172, 185, 195 + Forward-based systems, 131, 135, + 152, 162, 302 + Ground-launched ballistic missiles, + 124 + Ground-launched cruise missiles, 124, 135, + 153, 185, 275, 282, 283, + 296, 297 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, + 124, 131, 134, 135, 152, + 157, 162, 172, 185, 254, + 264, 284, 296, 302, 304, + 305 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + 162, 176, 180, 188, 194, + 195, 197, 243, 254, 282, + 302, 306 + Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 27, 114, 131, 134, 135, + 157, 164, 176, 180, 185, + 254, 263, 264, 275, 282, + 283, 284, 286, 296, 306 + Midgetman intercontinental ballistic + missile, 185, 188 + Minuteman intercontinental ballistic + missile, 70 + Modernization, 104, 112, 114, 124 + Multiple independently targeted + re-entry vehicles, 99, 138, 162, + 258, 296, 301, 305 + MX missile, 16, 131, 146, 185, + 188, 248 + Pershing II missile, 172, 185, + 195, 248, 275, 282, 283, + 296, 297, 299, 302 + SA–5 missiles, 167, 173 + Sea-launched cruise missiles, 304, 305 + Short-range attack missile, 124, 135, + 304, 308 + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 124, 180, 185, 263, 284, + 286, 292, 296, 301, 302, + 305, 306, 308 + SS–18 ICBM, 195, 296, 302, 308 + SS–20 ICBM, 8, + 275 + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle, + 134, 135, 152, 177, 197, + 263, 284, 296, 304 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile, + 134, 157, 162, 254, 264, + 284, 301, 302, 304 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles, + 102, 124, 135, 304, 305 + Throw-weight, 284, 296, 301, 302 + Verification and verification + protocols, 97, 104, 105, 134, 135, + 138, 146, 152, 157, 162, + 195 + + Weinberger, Caspar, 27, 40, 76, 87, 104, 106, 211, 283, 290, 307: + Arms control and disarmament, views + on, 77, 138, 142, 161 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, views on, 178, 243, + 282 + Middle East, and, 256 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 188, 243 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 299 + Sokolov, Sergei, counterpart to, 199, 232 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views + on, 43, 86, 94, 152, 243, 249, 254 + U.S. national security concerns, + response to, 199 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 41, 144, + 169 + + Western Europe, 46, + 58, 60, 65, 87, 117, 220: + United States INF deployments (1983), + 98 + + West Germany, 16, + 23, 151, 306: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + response to, 222, 230 + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate + Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000 impact on, 182 + Kohl, Helmut and, 194, 225, 236 + Soviet Union, relations with, 214 + West German Greens, 220, 223 + + Whitehead, John, 78, + 170, 260 + WHO. See + World Health Organization + Wick, Charles, 59, + 73, 85, 106, 116, 190, 212, 218 + Wickham, Jr., John, 243 + Woessner, Bill, 193, 207, 241 + Wolf, Charles, 214 + Wolfowitz, Paul, 62, + 71, 83 + World Health Organization (WHO), 230 + World Jewish Congress, 119 + World War II (1939–1945), 5, 74, 107, 152, 246, 306 + Wright, William, 189 + + Yeltsin, Boris, 198, 226 + Yemen, 219 + + Zagladin, Vadim, 59, + 65, 242, 245: + Soviet private channel, related to, + 114 + + Zakharov, Gennady: + Arrest, 267, + 268, 270, 272, 273, 274, + 276, 279, 283, 285, 287, + 289, 291, 292, 295 + Daniloff, Nicholas related to, 271, 272, + 276, 277, 279, 280, 283, + 285, 288, 290, 291, 292, + 295 + Diplomatic immunity, 267, 268, + 274, 288 + Espionage, allegations of, 283, 287 + Orlov, Yuri related to, 283, 288, + 289, 290, 291, 292 + Refuseniks, exchanged for, 276, 279, + 283, 288, 289 + Release, 277, 283, 289, 290, + 291, 292 + + Zamyatin, Leonid, 151 + Zarechnak, Dimitri: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, + 150, 151, 156, 157, 158 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), interpreter + for, 301, 306, 307, 308 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + interpreter for, 99, 121, 134, + 135, 138, 204, 284, 285, + 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + + Zaytsev, Mikhail, 13, 22 + Zhao Ziyang, 7 + Zia, Muhammad, 7 + Zimmermann, Warren, 262 + + + +
diff --git a/volumes/frus1981-88v06.xml b/volumes/frus1981-88v06.xml index b8f69a679..4194b482a 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1981-88v06.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1981-88v06.xml @@ -86436,6 +86436,9006 @@ +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + + ABM Treaty. See + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + (1972) + Abrahamson, James, 79, 110 + Abramowitz, Morton, 29, 32 + Abrams, Elliott, 82, + 141, 142, + 147 + Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 178, 181, 183 + ACDA. See + Arms Control and Disarmament + Agency + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), + 84, 133, 139, 154 + Adamishin, Anatoly, 26, 138, 183: + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” counterpart + to, 132, 136, 137, 139 + Crocker, Chester “Chet” counterpart + to, 150, 157 + Human rights, and, 121, 136 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 136, 161 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” counterpart + to, 98 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 98, 99, 100, + 101, 121, 123, 126, 137, + 138, 139 + Whitehead, John counterpart to, 100 + + Adelman, Kenneth, 9, + 29, 32, 67, 120: + Chemical weapons, and, 40 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 39, 70, 74 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 35 + Nuclear testing, and, 40, 80 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 39, 40, 44, + 45, 68, 70, 74, 85 + Vorontsov, Yuli, meeting with, 17 + + Aeroflot, 147: + Aeroflot 244 hijacking (1970), 121, 133, + 144, 172 + + Afanasenko, Peter, 105, 124, 142, 149, 152, 177 + Afghanistan, 21, + 30, 44, 72, 123, 132, 137, 139, 157: + Cambodia, compared to, 26, 67, + 97, 139 + Coalition government, 115, 119, + 123, 125, 175 + Islamic fundamentalists, 104, 147, + 175 + National reconciliation, 26, 44, + 72, 111, 114, 115, 123, + 183 + Nonaligned countries, member of, 72, 114, + 115, 123, 125, 137, 139, + 145, 147, 162, 175 + Pakistan, and, 44, 72, 78, 110, + 123, 132, 137, 139, 157, + 175, 183 + Refugee resettlement, 123, 151, + 175 + Self determination, 52 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 132 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 26, 30, 42, 44, 67, 72, 110, + 114, 115, 119, 132, 139, + 140, 155 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 41, 157 + + AFL-CIO. See + American Federation of Labor and Congress + of Industrial Organizations + Agreement for Cooperation in Basic Scientific + Research (1989), 154, 183 + AIDS. See + Acquired Immune Deficiency + Syndrome + Air and Space Museum, 127 + Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM), 84, 161, 176, 177: + Bomber aircraft, and, 139, 152, + 153, 158, 173 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991) and, 120, 131, 133, + 134, 136, 138, 141, 142, + 143, 146, 152, 153, 162, + 173 + Sublimits, 122, 146, 157 + + Akhromeyev, Sergei, 104, 110, 115, 146, 149, 169: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 112, 122, 123, 134, 173 + Crowe, William, counterpart to, 84, 99, + 112, 125, 152 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 161 + Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 1, 6, 42, 84, + 100, 107, 114, 161 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 102 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 84, 98, 101, + 102, 125, 147 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 108 + + Alaska, 39, 45 + ALCM. See + Air-launched cruise missiles + Alderman, Craig, 31 + Alekseev, Alexander, 132, 137, 142 + American Chemical Society, 113 + American Defense Preparedness Association, + 79 + American Federation of Labor and Congress of + Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 7, 133 + Andreas, Dwayne, 11 + Andrews Air Force Base, 1, 54, 89, 90, 99, 130 + Andropov, Yuri, 29 + Angola, 38, 58, 103, 183: + Cuba, relations with, 82, 97, + 137, 139, 150, 161, 175, + 178 + National reconciliation, 137, 139, + 150, 161, 175, 181 + National Union for the Total + Independence of Angola, 44, 92, 97, + 150, 161, 175 + Regional issues, 35, 82, 125, 139, + 161, 175, 178 + South Africa and, 44, 82, 137, 161, + 178 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty): + Arms control and disarmament, 4, 6, 7, 8, 17, 39, + 64, 68, 89, 110, 132, 139, 149, + 168 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 36, 51, 97, 125, 136, + 140, 158, 173 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 4, 36, 45, + 66, 102, 107 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 141, 142, + 157, 158, 162 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 15, 16, 42, 132, 173 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1, 66, 68, 89, + 102 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + impact on, 161, 168, 173 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979), and, 42 + Strategic defenses whether permitted + by, 1, 3, + 4, 6, + 39, 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 89, + 97, 105, 107, 118, 122, + 134, 142 + Treaty violation related to, 45, 67, + 158, 167, 168, 173 + Verification and verification + protocols, 4, 102, 105, 122, 132, + 134, 139, 142 + Washington Summit Joint Statement + (1987), mentioned in, 118, 121, 125, + 132, 138, 139, 140, 142, + 144, 146, 152, 158, 162, + 173, 177 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance: + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius + vs. Time EXperiment system, 40, + 42, 45, 120, 122, 132, + 134, 139 + Fylingdales radar, 167, 173, 177 + Gomel radar, 82, 118, 160, 173, + 175 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 6, 39, 67, 82, + 84, 97, 110, 118, 120, + 146, 152, 157, 158, 161, + 162, 167, 170, 173, 175, + 176, 177, 178, 181 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 105 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 1, 3, 4, 21, 39, 42, + 43, 68, 81, 84, 97, 118, 134 + Thule radar, 167, 173, 177 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal: + National security interests, and, 125, 132, + 134, 136, 141, 142, 146, + 152 + Nuclear testing, and, 3, 8, 17, 39, + 45, 51, 52, 68, 139, 142, 146 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + views on, 3, 6, 7, 17, 125 + Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty + (1991), and, 64, 65, 67, 68, 74, + 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107, + 110, 112, 121, 122, 125, + 134, 136, 138, 139, 152, + 157, 161 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + associated with, 8, 36, 42, + 84, 89, 102, 108, 132, + 136, 138, 152, 161, 168 + Treaty compliance, and, 158, 176 + Washington Summit (1987), included in, + 89, 90, 100, 110, 112, + 122, 173 + + Anti-satellite systems (ASAT), 1, 45, 108, 110 + Apartheid, 44, 82, 139 + Arafat, Yasser, 142, 143, 175: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 145 + Visa clearance, conflict with, 178 + + Argentina, 40, 67 + Aristov, Boris, 41 + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 11, 12, 25, 30, 31, 59, 66, 74, 78, 124: + Adamishin, Anatoly counterpart to, + 132, 136, 137, 139 + Afghanistan, views on, 26, 72, + 119, 123 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 119 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 24, 72 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 116, 166 + Polyakov, Vladimir, counterpart to, + 175 + Regional issues, and, 8, 21, 24, 26, + 35, 42, 44, 56, 72, 91, 119, + 121, 123, 132, 136, 139, + 143, 175, 183 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 72, 78, 123, + 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, + 142, 175 + Vorontsov, Yuli, counterpart to, 8, 26, 44, 82, + 91, 123 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 111 + + Armenia, 129, 143, 163, 164, 174: + Armenian earthquake (1988), 179, 181, + 182 + Relief effort, 183 + + Armitage, Richard, 116, 166 + Arms control and disarmament, 16, 63: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + 4, 6, + 7, 8, + 17, 39, 64, 68, 89, 110, 132, + 139, 149, 168 + Chemical weapons and, 169, 177 + Confidence-building measures, 7, 40, 84, 108, + 110, 122, 134, 142, 147, + 158 + Conventional weapons, 40, 50, + 64, 80, 85, 88, 103, 144, 158, + 172, 177, 183 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 1, 5, + 45, 79, 90, 110, 122, 131, 134, + 140, 157, 158, 176 + Department of Defense and, 84, 89 + Department of State and, 84 + Europe and, 1, + 7, 39, + 40, 42, 44, 45, 55, 80, 81, + 85, 100, 134, 138, 139, + 158, 172, 178, 181 + Geneva Summit (1985), 22, 57 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 4, 22, 45, + 48, 54, 67, 68, 81, 96, 97, + 101, 102, 125, 151 + Moscow Summit (1988), 120, 138, + 141, 146, 150, 156, 158, + 161 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 6, 7, + 8, 42, + 45, 55, 91, 107, 134, 150, 161, + 178 + Nuclear arms reductions, 39, 64, + 90 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + 3, 11, + 23, 39, 66, 110, 120, 128, 139, + 157, 167 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, + 1, 3, + 5, 6, + 8, 14, + 23, 34, 40, 43, 44, 45, 66, + 67, 68, 74, 84, 87, 89, 90, + 102, 158, 173 + Space activities, 84, 143, 146, 152, + 173 + Space-strike arms, 39, 40, 42, 51, + 69, 181 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 4, 36, 39, + 55, 65, 120, 125, 152 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 3, 6, + 8, 14, + 36, 37, 39, 42, 45, 51, 64, + 67, 68, 74, 75, 81, 84, 88, + 89, 90, 102, 107, 110, + 112, 121, 128, 133, 134, + 146, 149, 152, 157, 158, + 168, 181 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 3, 108, + 151 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 42, 88, + 92, 151, 158, 165 + Warsaw Treaty Organization and, 7, 123, + 134, 138, 150, 158 + Washington Summit (1987), 108, 122 + + Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), + 70, 74, 175 + Arms race, 39, 81, 88, 125, 134, 146, 158: + Conventional weapons, and, 3, 100, + 151 + Outer space, in, 42, 51, 64, 68 + Space-strike arms, and, 110 + + Armstrong, Anne, 61 + ASAT. See + Anti-satellite systems + ASEAN. See + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + Associated Press, 10, 95 + Association of Southeast Asian Nations + (ASEAN), 26, 44, + 56: + United States, relations with, 149, 175 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator + of, 82, 111, 139 + + Australia, 40 + Aziz, Tariq, 78, + 173 + + Baker, Howard, 23, + 26, 42, 53, 60, 65, 67, 90, 94, 118, 129, 131, 137, 144, 148, 149: + Linkage, views on, 30 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + views on, 61 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 158, 162 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, + 61, 79, 116, 120, 154 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 25, 48, + 95 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 75, 138 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115 + + Baker, James, 3, 143: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 35, 61, 79, + 116 + Shultz, George, successor of, 178, 179, + 180, 181, 183 + + Ballistic missiles, 6, 74, 98, + 102, 120, + 150, 153: + Deterrence, role in, 3 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 21, 69, 80 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), 42, 161 + Strategic defenses, and, 1, 5, 8, 9, 110 + Sublimits, 39, 84, 89, 96, 107, 146, + 173 + + Basic sciences, 154, 183 + Batsanov, Sergey, 85, 121 + BBC. See + British Broadcasting + Corporation + Begun, Yosef, 67 + Belenogov, Alexander, 78 + Belgium, 6, 113 + Berlin Wall, 67, + 177 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 41, 66, 67, 86, 90, 98, 183: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 7, 39, 44, 68, 70 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 158, 161, 162 + Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), + drafter of, 162 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz” counterpart to, + 6, 74, + 89, 105, 107, 108, 111, + 123, 126, 132, 145, 149, + 150 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 40, + 44, 45, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, + 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, + 85, 89, 91, 122, 123, 125, 133, + 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, + 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, + 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, + 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, + 177, 178 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 121 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 111 + Working Groups (Soviet), and, 39, 74 + + Bishop, Maurice, 44 + Bogatiy, Anatoly, 74, 89 + Bomber aircraft, 1, + 6, 69, 125, 146: + Air-launched cruise missiles and, 139, 152, + 153, 158, 173 + Backfire bomber, 88 + Bomber counting rule, 39, 42, + 45, 68, 81, 122, 133, 134, 143, + 152, 153, 158, 162 + + Botha, P.W., 139 + Bracy, Arnold, 27, + 28, 31, 33 + Brandenburg Gate, 54, 110, 177 + Brazil, 40, 67, 158 + Brazinskas, Algirdas, 66, 121, 133, 144, 172 + Brazinskas, Pranas, 66, 121, 133, 144, 172 + Brazzaville Protocol (1988), 183 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 41, 117, 145, 170: + Brezhnev Doctrine, 97 + Human rights, and, 29, 32 + + British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 38 + Brokaw, Tom, 110 + Brooks, Linton, 3, + 120 + Brown, Harold, 19, + 99 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 50 + Bukharin, Nikolai, 32, 127 + Burns, Arnold, 31 + Burns, William F., 143, 167, 173: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 175 + + Bush, George H.W., 9, + 13, 19, 23, 30, 34, 41, 60, 65, 131, 137, 147, 148, 160, 173: + Bush administration (George H.W.) + (1989–1993), 178, 180, 181, + 183 + Chemical weapons, views on, 173, 181 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 113, 180, + 182 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 67 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 116 + Olympic Games (1988), views on, 138 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 138, 170 + United Nations, views on, 114 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 99, 100, 107, 108, 110, + 114, 115 + + Byrd, Robert, 139 + + Cambodia, 35, 39, 44, 72, 80, 110, 123, 138, 146, 157, 177 (see also + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict): + Afghanistan, compared to, 26, 67, + 97, 139 + National reconciliation, 82, 111, + 162 + Nonaligned countries, 175 + Norodom Sihanouk former leader of, + 82 + Vietnam, conflict with, 111, 115, + 139, 153, 162 + + Camp David, 79, 85, 123, 125 + Canada, 6, 113, 150, 172, 183 + Carlucci, Frank, 11, + 13, 16, 17, 23, 25, 26, 42, 49, 59, 67, 73, 75, 88, 94, 124, 144, 149, 160: + Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 50, 58 + Confidence-building measures, and, + 110 + Department of Defense, appointed to, + 98 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 18, 52 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 60, 97 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, + 34 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 65, 66 + Linkage, views on, 84 + Memorandum prepared by, 53, 60, + 65 + Moscow Summit (1988) + participant in, 158, + 162 + views on, 97 + + National Security Council, appointed + to, 9 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 61, + 79, 116, 120, 154, 166 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 50 + meeting with, 14, 20, 48, 77, 95 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 74, 75, 76, + 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, + 90, 91, 138, 177 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 34, 52, 60, 65, 97 + Washington Summit (1987) + participant in, 108, + 110, 114, 115 + views on, 65, 97 + + Yazov, Dmitry, counterpart to, 108, 133, + 136, 138, 139, 149, 151, + 177 + + Carter, Jimmy, 30, + 84, 108, 120: + Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 50, 58 + Carter administration (1977–1981), + 19, 31, 41 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), 41 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, response to, 35, 84 + + Casey, William, 23, + 31, 61 + Castillo, Jay, 175, + 183 + CBM. See + Confidence-building measures + Central America, 48, + 67, 74, 91, 111, 114, 115: + Contadora, and, 44, 82, 123, 139 + Military assistance and sales, 130, 140, + 146, 151, 162 + Regional issues, 123, 131, 132, 140, + 146, 151, 162, 177 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 26, 35 + + Central American Peace Accords (1987), 132, 139, 146 + Central Committee, 23 + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 27, 103, 118: + Covert actions, 42, 116, 166 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” response + to, 93 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), views on, 24 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 27, 61 + Paper prepared in, 23, 93 + Washington Summit (1987), role in, + 104 + + Chemical weapons (CW), 6, 55: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 169, 177 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), and, 143, 150, 173, + 176 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 7, 45, 64, + 70, 82, 88, 108 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 40, 70, + 108, 137, 138, 139, 145, + 146, 158, 173, 176, 181 + Libya, 82, + 158, 173, 176, 181, 183 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 158 + Nonproliferation, 40, 150, 158, 161, + 162, 181 + Saudi Arabia, 145, 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, + 122, 125, 134, 141, 146, + 149, 178 + United Kingdom and, 40, 45, 108, 125, + 134, 150 + Verification and verification + protocols, 7, 45, 63, 82, 108, + 134, 146, 158, 162, 181 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 89, 108 + + Chernenko, Konstantin, 29, 41, 147 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986): + Gorbachev, Mikhail, impact on, 164 + Nuclear energy safety, 6, 67, 113, 120, + 158, 163 + + Chernyaev, Anatoly, 42, 99: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 84, 125, 147 + + Chervov, Nikolai, 138, 141, 149: + Glitman, Maynard “Mike” counterpart + to, 151, 152 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 138, 151, 152 + + China, 39, 44, 58, 94, 95, 108, 123: + Nuclear proliferation, and, 150, 158, + 162, 173 + Soviet Union, relations with, 97, 175, + 179 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 6 + United States, relations with, 103 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, and, 139, 178, + 179 + + Chirac, Jacques, 7 + Churkin, Vitaly, 12 + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Cisneros, Henry, 113 + Civil aviation, 105: + Terrorism and, 7 + + Clandestine intelligence collection, 116: + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union and, 166 + + Cobb, Tyrus “Ty,” 153 + Cockell, William, 3 + COCOM. See + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls + Coffey, Steven, 141, 153 + Combs, Richard, 2, + 41 + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union + (KGB, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), + 2, 15, 20, 27, 29, 32, 53, 84, 104: + Clandestine intelligence collection, + and, 166 + Lonetree, Clayton collaboration with, + 10, 31, 33 + + Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, + Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo + Soyuza), 6, 29, 117, 158, 160: + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1988), 157 + + Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), 40 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), + 66, 134, 144, 158: + Chemical weapons and, 143, 150, + 173, 176 + Nuclear testing, 70 + + Conference on Security and Co-operation in + Europe, 111, 183: + Conventional weapons and, 40, 66, + 82, 108, 123, 125, 139, + 141, 144, 146, 147, 149, + 150, 162, 172, 177 + Human rights included in, 38, 40, + 55, 80, 85, 133, 134, 143, 144, + 153 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), precursor to, 6, 8, 38, 63, 80, + 97, 183 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 157, 158, + 162, 175 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 138, 139, + 146, 152, 162, 170 + Turkey and, 172, 178, 183 + United Kingdom and, 178 + + Conference on the Prohibition of Chemical + Weapons (1989), 183 + Confidence-building measures (CBM), 151, 175: + Arms control and disarmament, 7, 40, 84, 108, + 110, 122, 134, 142, 147, + 158 + + Contadora, 44, 82, 115, 123, 139 + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time + EXperiment system (CORRTEX), 40, 42, 120, 122, 132, 134, 139 + Contras, 114, 139 + Conventional weapons, 6: + Arms control and disarmament, 40, 50, + 64, 80, 85, 88, 103, 144, 158, + 172, 177, 183 + Arms race and, 3, 100, 151 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, and, 40, + 66, 82, 108, 123, 125, + 139, 141, 144, 146, 147, + 149, 150, 162, 172, 177 + Human rights and, 143, 146, 147, 150, + 161, 172, 178 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 3, 7, 39, 40, 64, + 81, 88, 108 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 158, 161 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), and, 81, 85, 136, + 139 + Naval forces related to, 134, 136, + 146, 161, 162 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 3, 7, + 108, 123, 138, 147, 158, + 161, 175 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, + 123, 125, 134, 172 + Verification and verification + protocols, 7, 40 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 100, 108, + 123 + + Cooper, Henry “Hank,” 68: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 40 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 45 + + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral + Export Controls (COCOM), 104 + Cordovez, Diego, 110: + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + mediator of, 44, 72, 123, 132, 137, + 139, 145, 147, 175 + + CORRTEX. See + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. + Time EXperiment system + Counterintelligence, 33, 61 + CPSU. See + Communist Party of the Soviet + Union + Crocker, Chester “Chet,” 26: + Adamishin, Anatoly, counterpart to, + 150, 157 + Botha, P.W., meeting with, 139 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 161 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 176, 183 + + Crowe, William, 120, 143: + Akhromeyev, Sergei counterpart to, + 84, 99, 112, 125, 152 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 35, 79, + 116, 120, 154 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views + on, 17 + + Cruise missiles, 9, + 68 + CTB. See + Comprehensive Test Ban + Cuba, 58, 61, 80, 160: + Angola, relations with, 82, 97, + 137, 139, 150, 161, 175, + 178 + Soviet Union, relations with, 44, 103, + 130, 131, 146, 154 + + CW. See + Chemical weapons + Cyprus, 139, 146, 151, 183 + Czechoslovakia, 40, + 42, 43, 46, 169, 183: + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces, and, 39, 44, 45, 69, 98 + + + Daniloff, Nicholas, 35, 38, 74, 139: + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 33 + + Danilov Monastery, 155, 159 + Death penalty, 80, + 111, 121, + 133, 138, + 144 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 36, 51, 97, 125, 136, + 140, 158, 173 + Arms control and disarmament and, 1, 5, 45, 79, + 90, 110, 122, 131, 134, + 140, 157, 158, 176 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 26, 34, 84 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 17, 118, 142 + Research and development, and, 79, 103, + 110, 122, 132, 140, 142, + 173, 177, 181 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 64, 81, + 84, 90, 110, 120, 131, + 132, 134, 143, 144, 146, + 149, 150, 173, 177 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 18, 45, 67, + 79, 114, 118, 158 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 21, 120, 143 + Washington Summit Joint Statement + (1987), covered by, 152, 153, 173, + 177 + + Defense Intelligence Agency, 26 + Democratic Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Democratic Party, 8, + 100 + Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See + North Korea + Deng Xiaoping, 94, + 175, 179 + Department of Defense, 61, 76: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 84, 89 + Carlucci, Frank appointed to, 98 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 31 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views + on, 84 + + Department of Justice, 144: + Espionage, and, 31 + + Department of State: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 84 + Consular offices, 74, 85, 99, 112, + 143 + Counterintelligence, role in, 28, 31, + 53, 61 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” and, 41, 108, + 121, 124, 127, 181 + Human rights, views on, 121, 133, + 172 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 27, 28, 31, 43, 49, + 61, 62 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 135, 146 + Paper prepared in, 8 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + role in, 30 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1 + U.S. Embassy, Moscow, 38 + Visa clearance, and, 7, 133, 147 + + Derwinski, Edward, 29, 32 + Detente, 34, 103, 117 + Deterrence, 8, 79, 149: + Ballistic missiles role in, 3 + + Developing countries, 63, 177: + Soviet Union and, 103 + + DiMaggio, Joe, 109 + Dissident movements, 29, 32, 38 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 9, + 15, 16, 26, 114: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 36, 42 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted” and, 51, 57 + Massie, Suzanne, meeting with, 129 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 36, 51, + 96 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 80, 81, 82, + 84, 85, 125, 147, 179 + Soviet private channel, and, 11, 51 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 107, 108, 110, 114, + 115 + + Donahue, Phil, 116 + Duarte, José Napoleón, 79 + Duberstein, Kenneth, 30, 53, 55, 67, 90, 94, 117: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 61, + 79, 120, 143, 154, 166 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 77, 95 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 75, 138, 177 + + Dubinin, Liana, 130, 170, 174 + Dubinin, Yuri, 3, + 4, 56, 59, 60, 67, 90, 100, 124: + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” meeting + with, 119 + Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 18, 52 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, + 18 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Matlock, Jack counterpart to, 42, 111, + 112 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Parris, Mark, meeting with, 12 + Powell, Colin, meeting with, 104, 118 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” meeting with, + 12 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 1, 16, 165, 167 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 40, 41, 44, + 68, 70, 72, 75, 76, 84, 89, + 91, 121, 125, 138, 145, + 146, 147, 170, 171, 172, + 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, + 178 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 52 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 108, 112, 115 + Whitehead, John, meeting with, 130 + + + Eastern Europe, 93, + 94, 95: + Soviet Union, relations with, 97, 178 + + East Germany, 46, + 67, 76, 183: + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces, and, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, + 45, 69, 98, 151 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 7, 39, 42, 69, 98, 177 + + East-West relations, 6, 26, 55, 63, 94, 97, 106, 110, 178, 183 + East-West trade, 41, + 42: + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 24, 97 + + Economic affairs, 183: + Economic cooperation, 154, 175 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + 41, 42, 124, 160 + + Egypt, 44, 77, 82, 84, 118, 125, 145, 157 + Elleman-Jensen, Uffe, 173 + El Salvador, 146, + 151: + Nicaragua, conflict with, 82 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 139 + + Emery, David, 79, + 120 + Emigration, 8, 85, 121, 180: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), 89 + Israel and, 38, 67, 80, 133, + 146, 172 + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 41, 97, + 108 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 1, 24, + 32, 43, 67, 80, 89, 123, 143, + 144, 146 + Most Favored Nation status, precursor + to, 154 + Washington Summit (1987), included in, + 107, 111 + + Energy technology, 113 + England. See + United Kingdom + Environmental affairs, 178 + Ermarth, Fritz, 34, + 52, 67, 80, 90, 97, 103: + Kryuchkov, Vladimir, meeting with, + 104, 118 + Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev + (1987), views on, 117 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 35, 61, 79 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 45, 72, + 138 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + views on, 30 + Washington Summit (1987), notetaker + for, 107, 110, 114 + + Espionage, 53 + Ethiopia, 38, 151: + Food shortages, 142, 143, 162 + + Eureka College, 39 + Europe, 6, 51, 66, 103, 117, 121, 163, 177, 179, 180: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 1, 7, + 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 55, 80, + 81, 85, 100, 134, 138, + 139, 158, 172, 178, 181 + European security, 8, 34, 50, 97, + 108, 183 + United States and, 4, 23, 34, 50, + 100, 108 + + Evans, T. Cooper, 113 + + Family reunification, 1, 6, 38, 66, 138, 145, 172, 177 + FBI. See + Federal Bureau of + Investigation + FBS. See + Forward-based systems + Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 31: + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 61 + + Federal Republic of Germany. See + West Germany + Fedorenko, Feodor, 133 + Feltsman, Vladimir, 38 + Filaret, Metropolitan, 159 + Finnbogadóttir, Vigdís, 1 + Fitzwater, Marlin, 56, 67, 79, 143, 154, 166: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 177 + + Ford, Gerald, 50, + 145 + Ford Motor Company, 124 + Forward-based systems (FBS), 42 + “Four-part agenda”: + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + and, 4, 18, + 24, 30, 35, 37, 55, 63, 90, + 92, 97, 143, 147, 154, + 177 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 1, 8, 34, 55, + 75, 92, 94, 95, 162, 177, 179, + 181 + + France, 7, 8, 11, 38, 40, 121, 134: + Chemical weapons, and, 70, 122, + 150, 178, 181 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + and, 1, 6, + 39, 91 + Lebanon, diplomatic relations with, + 44 + Nuclear energy, and, 113, 158, + 163 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 1, 6, + 39 + United Nations Security Council, + member of, 44 + + FSLN. See + Sandinista National Liberation + Front + Fuller, Craig, 31, + 35, 61, 116, 143, 166 + Fylingdales radar, 167, 173, 177 + + G–7 Economic Summit (1987), 52, 54, 109 + Gaffney, Frank, 24, + 67 + Galbraith, John Kenneth, 181 + Gale, Robert, 163, + 164 + Gandhi, Rajiv, 58 + Gary Powers U-2 incident (1960), 84 + Gates, Robert, 9, + 23: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 79, + 143, 154 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 104 + + GATT. See + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) + Gaza, 125, 137, 145 + GDR. See + East Germany + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) + (GATT), 42, 97 + General Motors, 113, 124 + Geneva Accords (1988), 177: + Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin and, 145 + Military assistance and sales, 137, 140 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + precursor to, 123, 132, 137, + 139, 140, 141, 145, 175, + 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 140, 177, + 183 + + Geneva Summit (1985), 6, 12, 37, 90, 102, 154: + Arms control and disarmament, 22, 57 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 21, 35, + 38, 39, 63, 84, 107, 138, 157, + 158, 162, 180, 183 + + Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 68, 71, 138, 151, 175 + George, Douglas, 3, + 35 + Georgia, 29, 67, 145, 147, 163, 174, 183: + Armenian earthquake (1988), affected + by, 179, 181 + + Gerasimov, Gennadi, 67, 177 + German Democratic Republic. See + East Germany + German P1 issue, 80: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 39, + 55, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, + 79, 81, 84, 98, 150 + West Germany and, 8, 63, 64, 65, + 68, 69, 81, 98, 150, 151 + + GKNT. See + Soviet State Committee for Science & + Technology + Glasnost, 26, 45, 47, 58, 93, 116 (see also + Gorbachev’s “new thinking”): + Military capabilities, impact on, 97 + + GLBM. See + Ground-launched ballistic + missiles + GLCM. See + Ground-launched cruise + missiles + Glitman, Maynard “Mike,” 22, 68, 80, 98, 100, 101, 150: + Chervov, Nikolai, counterpart to, 151, 152 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 17, 39, 45, 55, + 74, 81, 149 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 45, 74, + 149, 151, 152 + + Global double zero option, 68, 108, 142: + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces + included in, 54, 57, 68, 69, 81 + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces included in, 54, 57, 64, + 68, 74, 80, 81 + + Global zero option, 39, 42, 44, 51, 68, 142 + Glukhov, Yuri, 171: + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 161 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 170, 176 + + Golan Heights, 44, + 125 + Golovko, Yevgeny, 85 + Gomel radar, 82, + 118, 160, + 173, 175 + Gomery, Ralph, 99 + Good, Mary, 99, 113 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3, 9, 13, + 15, 16, 30, 45, 46 (see also + Gorbachev’s “new thinking”): + Arafat, Yasser, meeting with, 145 + Armenian earthquake (1988), response + to, 182 + Arms control and disarmament, views + on, 26, 41, 44, 64, 74, 81, 86, + 88, 97, 133, 138, 147, + 156 + Brezhnev Doctrine, views on, 77 + Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 113, 180, + 182 + Business community, meeting with, 97, 160 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) + impact on, 164 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1988), speaker at, 157, 160 + East-West trade, views on, 19, 42, + 175 + Economic reform, advocate for, 32, 160, + 175 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), views on, + 60, 125 + Krasnoyarsk radar, speaker at, 175 + Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev + (1987), 117 + Ligachev, Yegor, 108 + Linkage, and, 22, 23, 34, 35 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 156, 158, 160, 162, 163 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + views on, 17, 142 + Perestroika, 66, 107, 160, 163, + 181 + Politburo, relations with, 23 + Powell, Colin, meeting with, 105, 107, + 125 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 34, 42, 55, + 84, 97, 121, 125, 156, + 157, 158, 160 + Reagan, Nancy, and, 109, 163, + 165 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 37, + 42, 56, 59, 64, 73, 88, 165, 167, 168 + meeting with, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115, 156, 158, 160, 162, 180, 181, 182 + + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 19 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 42, 43, + 84, 125, 127, 147, 183 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April + 1985), speaker at, 41 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 18, 117, + 125, 153 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), response + to, 19 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + and, 119, 125 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views + on, 42, 84, 110, 158 + Supreme Soviet, meeting with, 76, 133, + 137 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, + 42, 125, 181 + United Nations General Assembly, + speaker at, 178, 179, 180, + 181, 183 + U.S. Congress, meeting with, 89, 99, + 100, 104, 115 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 42, 84, 88, 106, 147, 156, 158 + Verification and verification + protocols, and, 5, 39 + Verity, C. William, meeting with, 154 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, + 115 + + Gorbachev, Raisa, 37, 106, 109, 164, 182: + Educational exchange, views on, 113 + Reagan, Nancy, and, 96, 99, 100, 163, + 165 + + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” 13, 108, 121, 124: + Central Intelligence Agency response + to, 93 + Department of State, and, 41, 108, + 121, 124, 127, 181 + Detente, impact on, 77, 97, 103, 117 + East-West trade, impact on, 41 + Economic affairs, and, 103, 104, + 117, 160, 183 + Human rights, and, 18, 25, 32, 38, + 43, 66, 107, 111, 127, + 161, 172, 178, 179 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 117 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), 35, 41, 121, 133, 136, + 172, 178 + Politburo and, 181 + Reagan Doctrine, 77 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April + 1985), 41 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 47, 157, + 160, 170, 181 + Soviet Union and, 18, 66, 67, 94, + 95, 97, 103, 104, 106, + 116, 117, 125, 127, 129, + 144, 153, 160, 166 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + impact on, 117 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 18, 111, 124, 144, 149, + 153 + + Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear + Weapons by the Year 2000, 45 + Gordievskaya, Leyla, 38, 67, 80, 89, 165, 172, 183 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), 178, 179, 180, 181, 182: + Armenian earthquake (1988) impact on, + 181, 182 + + Graham, Katherine, 149 + Graham, William, 35, + 79, 120, 143, 154 + Great Britain. See + United Kingdom + Greece, 139, 146, 174, 183 + Greenland, 167 + Gregg, Donald, 79: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 61, 120 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + + Grinevskiy, Oleg, 126: + Conventional weapons, and, 85, 121, + 161 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 139, 152, + 175, 176 + + Gromyko, Andrei, 31, + 63, 138, 170: + Gary Powers U-2 incident (1960), + response to, 84 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Supreme Soviet, head of, 66, 162 + + Groshev, Andrey, 178, 179 + Ground-launched ballistic missiles (GLBM), + 83, 100 + Ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM), 1, 39, 81, 82, 83, 91, 98, 100 + Guhin, Michael, 24 + + Hammer, Armand, 99, + 124 + Hanmer, Stephen, 173 + Hartman, Arthur, 1, + 4, 6, 15, 42, 61: + Counterintelligence, views on, 31 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7 + + Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 123, 151: + Geneva Accords (1988), and, 145 + Peshawar Alliance, and, 132, 175 + + Helsinki Acts (1975), 25, 32, 40, 41, 80, 155, 177: + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 6, 38, 134, 183 + Human rights included in, 32, 108, + 138, 147, 172, 177, 183 + + Henhoeffer, Mary, 116, 166 + Herbst, John, 115, + 154 + Herres, Robert, 31, + 61, 166 + Herrington, John, 3, + 120 + Hill, M. Charles, 106 + Holmes, H. Allen, 44, 121, 134, 153, 173: + Chemical weapons, and, 80, 85, + 150, 152, 176 + Karpov, Viktor, meeting with, 161 + Nuclear testing, and, 139 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 45, 152, 176 + + Honduras, 114: + Nicaragua, conflict with, 82, 130, + 132, 139 + United States and, 132, 139, 146 + + Hopkins, William, 41, 78, 105, 135, 146, 147, 159, 174, 175, 178, 179: + Washington Summit (1987), interpreter + for, 112 + + Horowitz, Lawrence “Larry,” 57: + Soviet private channel, role in, 11, 36, + 51 + + Howe, Jonathan, 61, + 120, 143, + 154, 166 + Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 7, 122 + Human rights: + Brezhnev, Leonid and, 29, 32 + Broadcasting, 25, 38, 74, 180 + Communications and postal systems, + 85 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, included in, 38, 40, 55, 80, + 85, 133, 134, 143, 144, + 153 + Conventional weapons, and, 143, 146, + 147, 150, 161, 172, 178 + Death penalty, 80, 111, 121, 133, + 138, 144 + Department of State views on, 121, 133, + 172 + Dissident movements, and, 29, 32, + 35, 38 + Dual national, and, 1, 38, 144, 178 + Emigration, 6, + 38, 85, 89, 107, 111, 121, 133, + 143, 144, 172, 180 + Family reunification, and, 25, 38, + 45, 66, 80, 107, 121, 133, 138, + 145, 172, 177, 178 + Freedom of expression, and, 29, 32 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” and, 18, 25, + 32, 38, 43, 66, 107, 111, 127, + 161, 172, 178, 179 + Helsinki Acts (1975), included in, + 32, 108, 138, 147, 172, + 177, 183 + Homelessness, 111 + Human rights violations, 147 + Immigration, 107, 160 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 25, 35, + 38, 40, 43, 45, 55, 66 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 42, 67, 80, 89, 121 + Moscow Summit (1988), 143, 153 + Most Favored Nation status, related + to, 41, 160 + Political prisoners, and, 25, 32, + 38, 111, 121, 133, 136, + 138, 144, 145, 157, 172 + Psychiatric abuse, 38, 85, 121, 131, + 133, 136, 144, 148, 172, + 183 + Refuseniks, 38, 58, 138, 172, + 178, 183 + Religious freedom, 25, 32, 38, 107, + 111, 121, 129, 133, 136, + 138, 144, 149, 153, 159, + 172 + Sakharov, Andrei advocate for, 97 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 133, 144, + 145, 147, 172 + Soviet Union and, 18, 29, 32, 38, + 43, 66, 107, 111, 133, + 144, 172, 179 + Trade unions, and, 133, 144, 147 + United States and, 156, 160 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 21, 66, 74, + 80, 90, 115, 121, 138, + 144, 153, 168, 177 + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + impact on, 41, 154 + Visas, 107, + 121, 133, 144, 172 + War crimes, 121, 133, 144, 172 + Washington Summit (1987), 21, 90, + 92, 100, 107, 111 + + Hungary, 6: + Most Favored Nation status, 41 + + Hun Sen, 123, 139, 175 + Hussein, Saddam, 77, + 78, 137 + + IAEA. See + International Atomic Energy + Agency + ICBM. See + Intercontinental ballistic + missile + Iklé, Fred, 24, 35, 79 + Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972) (INCSEA), + 67, 84, 151 + INCSEA. See + Incidents at Sea Agreement + (1972) + India, 132, 173, 175: + Nuclear nonproliferation, and, 40, 70 + Pakistan, conflict with, 26, 150 + + INF. See + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty + (1987) + Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), + 69, 79, 88, 102, 138, 176: + SS–18 ICBM, 14, 146, 173 + SS–20 ICBM, 85, 91, 97, 98, + 100, 101, 104, 105, 151, + 152 + SS–25 ICBM, 85, 91, 98, 100, + 101, 104, 105 + SS–4 ICBM, 68 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991) and, 121, 152 + Sublimits, 17, 42, 67, 81, 84, 89, + 96, 118, 122, 125, 131, + 136, 141, 143, 152, 158 + Verification and verification + protocols, 83, 120, 133, 134, 136, + 141, 142, 153, 157, 161, + 173 + + Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation + of Strategic Offensive Weapons (1972), 39 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 4, 36, + 45, 66, 102, 107 + Arms control and disarmament and, 4, 22, 45, 48, + 54, 67, 68, 81, 96, 97, 101, + 102, 125, 151 + Chemical weapons and, 7, 45, 64, 70, + 82, 88, 108 + Conventional weapons and, 3, 7, 39, 40, + 64, 81, 88, 108 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 26, 34, 84 + Emigration, 89 + German P1 issue impact on, 39, 55, + 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 79, + 81, 84, 98, 150 + Global double zero option and, 42, 45, + 54, 68, 108, 142 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, + 117 + Human rights and, 8, 25, 35, 38, + 40, 43, 45, 55, 66 + Linkage and, 5, 18, 21, 22, 23, 30, + 35, 75 + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975) + impact on, 24, 97 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986) + impact on, 31, 33, 35, 38, 42 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 8, 45, + 121 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 17, 45, 84, 85, 87, + 88, 89, 97, 98 + Nuclear testing, 4, 40, 42, 70, + 74, 84, 85, 88, 107 + Pershing II missile, 42, 151 + Regional issues and, 30, 35, + 72, 82 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 5, 6, 7, 8, 66, 69, + 74, 90, 102, 107 + Shultz, George and, 8, 39, 40, 41, + 42, 45, 46, 55 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials and, + 21, 22, 65, 66, 69 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 42, 68 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan + included in, 30, 44, 67, 72 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 34 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 16, 23, + 42, 79 + U.S. Congress and, 8, 40, 74, 97, + 99, 121, 125, 149, 150, + 155 + U.S.-NATO relations and, 23 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues + role in, 7, 24, 38, 55 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 8, 45, 90 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 1, 6, 22, 36, 42, + 64, 74, 82, 89, 98, 101, 108, + 110, 117, 122, 125, 133, + 142, 143, 146, 152, 158, + 173 + Washington Summit (1987) result of, + 46, 75, 87 + + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty + (1987) (INF), 22, 103, 125, 177, 179: + Advanced weaponry, 142, 144, 149, 150, + 151, 152 + On-site inspections included in, 149, 151, + 173 + Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991) + and, 120 + Treaty compliance, 100, 102, 105 + Treaty ratification, 108, 118, + 142, 144, 147, 157, 158, + 162 + U.S. Congress advise and consent, 74, 118, + 120, 125, 147, 150, 152, + 155 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 4, 7, 36, 39, 42, + 43, 45, 48, 52, 68, 69, 70, + 74, 81, 83, 84, 88, 91, 100, + 105, 107, 134, 138, 158, + 162 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 46, 48, + 55, 89, 90, 91, 92, 98, 99, + 100, 110, 121, 122, 139 + + International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), + 70 + International Business Machines Corporation, + 99, 113 + International Monetary Fund, 97 + International Olympic Committee, 110, 111, 123 + Iran (see also + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)): + Chemical warfare, 82 + Islamic fundamentalists, 84, 104, + 110, 147 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 78, 110, 114, 123, 139, + 145, 162 + Terrorism, and, 145 + + Iran-Contra Affair, 9, 19, 34, + 38, 139 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988): + Ceasefire, 78, 82, 145 + Chemical weapons and, 40, 70, + 108, 137, 138, 139, 145, + 146, 158, 173, 176, 181 + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier mediator of, + 44, 59, 72, 74, 78, 82, 111, + 115, 123, 138, 139, 142, + 145, 151 + Persian Gulf and, 44, 56, 59, 60, + 72, 82, 91, 92, 115, 147 + Soviet Union and, 56, 59, 110 + United Nations Security Council and, + 44, 56, 59, 72, 78, 82, 92, + 110, 111, 115, 123, 125, + 145 + United Nations and, 59, 63, 78, 110, + 114, 115, 123, 162 + United States mediator of, 56, 110 + UNSC Resolution 598 (1987) impact on, + 72, 78, 82, 110, 111, 139, 145, + 162 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 26, 44, + 59, 60, 63, 67, 72 + + Iraq (see also + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)): + Chemical warfare, 137, 173, 176, 183 + + Israel, 26, 40, 77, 97, 111, 114, 123, 137, 145, 157, 173: + Emigration, and, 38, 67, 80, 133, + 146, 172 + Palestine Liberation Organization, + and, 142, 143, 175 + Soviet Union, relations with, 44, 123, + 125, 133, 162, 175 + Syria, and, 7, + 44, 71 + + Italy, 11, 150, 178 + + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 104, 154, 160: + Emigration, 41, 97, 108 + + Jameson, Lisa, 129, + 148 + Japan, 11, 51, 55, 58, 124, 145, 150, 151, 153: + Nuclear weapon control, 39 + Space activities, and, 173 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 44, 45, 183 + + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 42, 163, 180 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 3, 9, 79: + Arms control and disarmament, views + on, 120 + + Joint Verification Experiment (1988), 173: + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 147, 157, + 161, 162 + Nuclear testing and, 105, 120, + 122, 132, 134, 136, 138, + 139, 142, 145, 146, 147, + 150, 152, 161, 175 + Verification and verification + protocols, 122, 132, 152, + 153, 165, 175 + + Jones, David, 19 + Jordan, 77, 78, 125, 137, 145, 157, 175 + + Kamentsev, Vladimir, 99, 124: + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 108, 115 + + Kamman, Curtis, 40, + 116 + Kampelman, Max, 9, + 22, 29, 32, 45, 66, 67, 100, 132: + Arms control and disarmament, expert + on, 6, 11, + 63, 70, 149, 151 + Defense and Space, expert on, 84, 134 + Horowitz, Lawrence “Larry,” meeting + with, 51 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987) + participant in, 68, 101 + views on, 57 + + Kampelman-Vorontsov channel, 16, 17, + 57, 98, 101 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 139, 149, + 151 + Kirkpatrick, Jeane, meeting with, 17 + Linkage, views on, 55 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 79, 120 + Obukhov, Alexey, counterpart to, 134 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 68, 70, + 85, 91, 101, 134, 138, + 149, 151, 152, 174 + U.S. Nuclear and Space Talks + Delegation, head of, 7, 12, 13, + 42, 55, 91 + + Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Karpov, Viktor, 3, + 42, 67, 69, 90, 98, 102, 108: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 39, 40, 121, 134, 170, + 171, 175, 183 + Holmes, H. Allen, meeting with, 161 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 4, 39, 68, 74, 101 + Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 139, 149, + 151 + Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 91 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 40, + 44, 45, 68, 70, 74, 83, 91, + 101, 121, 122, 123, 133, + 134, 137, 138, 142, 144, + 145, 146, 150, 151, 152, + 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, + 175, 176, 177, 183 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 112 + + Kashlev, Yuri, 157, + 172 + Keel, Alton “Al,” Jr., 1, 3, 8, + 9, 10 + Kelly, Barry, 31, + 61, 116, 166: + Memorandum prepared by, 28, 33, + 49 + + Kelly, Sandra, 35 + Kendall, Don, 13 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted”: + Dobrynin, Anatoly, and, 51, 57 + Soviet private channel, role in, 11, 51 + + Kerr, Richard, 24 + KGB. See + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union + Khalis, Mohammad, 123 + Khamenei, Ali, 78, + 123 + Khmer Rouge, 44, + 165, 175, + 179 + Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 26, 123 + Khrushchev, Nikita, 29, 32, 97, 169 + Kim Il Sung, 123, + 138, 139: + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 110, 115 + + Kirkland, Lane, 7 + Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 17: + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 19 + + Kissinger, Henry, 19, 158 + Kohl, Helmut, 3, 138: + German P1 issue, response to, 80, 151 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), role in, 67, + 68, 69, 71, 74 + + Korchilov, Igor, 74, + 112 + Kordek, John, 24 + Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown (1983), + 35, 84, 123, 175 + Korean Airlines Flight 858 bombing (1987), + 138 + Korniyenko, Georgiy, 118 + Kosygin, Alexei, 41, + 117, 124 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 74: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + compliance, 6, 39, 67, 82, 84, + 97, 110, 118, 120, 146, + 152, 157, 158, 161, 162, + 167, 170, 173, 175, 176, + 177, 178, 181 + Space cooperation, and, 167, 177, + 178, 181 + + Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 118 + Kutovoy, Yevgeny, 68, 70: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 72, 139 + + Kuwait, 78 + Kuznetsov, Vasily, 146, 156 + Kyiv, 1, 44, 141, 143, 147, 152, 161 + + Laird, Melvin, 49, + 61 + Lamb, Robert, 31 + Laxalt, Paul, 11 + Lebanon, 125, 174: + France, diplomatic relations with, + 44 + + Ledogar, Stephen, 70, 150, 151, 172 + Ledsky, Nelson, 117, 154, 165: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + notetaker for, 177, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), notetaker for, + 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 178, 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + views on, 148 + + Lehman, Ronald, 17, + 22, 68: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 35 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 40, 44, 45, + 121 + + Leningrad Consulate, 2 + Lenin, Vladimir, 97, + 148 + Leontieff, Vassily, 124 + Lerner, Aleksandr, 89 + Levitsky, Melvyn, 46, 59, 87, + 90, 106, 118, 181: + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + and, 27 + + Libya, 44, 70: + Chemical weapons, 82, 158, 173, 176, + 181, 183 + Terrorists and terrorism, 7 + + Ligachev, Yegor, 108: + Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev + (1987), 117 + + Linhard, Robert, 9, + 30, 52, 67, 80, 90, 98, 117: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 40 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 35, 79, + 120 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), negotiator of, 63 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 44, + 45, 68, 70, 138 + + Linnas, Karl, 133 + Lonetree, Clayton, 27, 28: + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union, collaboration with, 10, 31, 33 + + Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, 101, 151 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces + (LRINF), 39, 42, + 44, 45, 51, 55, 67, 74, 80: + Global double zero option, included + in, 54, 57, 68, 69, 81 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 1 + + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 24, 97 + Longtree, Clayton. See + Lonetree, Clayton + LRINF. See + Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces + Lynch, Virginia, 144 + + Major, David, 28, + 31, 49 + Mamedov, Georgiy, 90: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + notetaker for, 178, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), notetaker for, + 157, 160 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials + notetaker for, 68, 72, 123, 149, 152, 172 + participant in, 138, + 144, 177 + + + Marine Corps, 31, + 33 + Marine Search and Rescue Agreement (1988), + 157 + Maritime boundaries, 1, 100, 143, 161, 176 + Martin, William, 35, + 79, 143 + Massie, Suzanne, 20, + 129 + Masterkov, Lev, 39, + 68, 70: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 45 + + Mathias, Charles, 19 + Matlock, Jack, 8, + 9, 20, 66, 67, 80, 106, 124, 159: + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 36, 51, + 96 + Dubinin, Yuri, counterpart to, 42, 111, + 112 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 35, 183 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 161, 162 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 142 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 40, + 41, 44, 45, 68, 70, 75, 76, + 84, 85, 89, 91, 99, 100, 101, + 121, 122, 123, 125, 138, + 142, 145, 146, 147, 149, + 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, + 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, + 177, 178, 179, 183 + U.S. Embassy, Moscow, appointed to, + 15, 31 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 36, 77, 86, 147 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 108, 111, 115 + + Matthews, Gary, 62 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” 31, 39: + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 14 + + Medvedev, Vladimir, 126: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 122 + + Meese, Edwin “Ed,” 35, 143, 154, 166 + Meiman, Naum, 38, + 67, 80, 89 + Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation to + Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), 183 + Mengistu Haile Mariam, 151 + MFN. See + Most Favored Nation status + Michelson, Anatoliy, 89 + Middle East, 14: + Economic aid, and, 44, 74 + Islamic fundamentalists, 111, 145, + 147 + Nuclear proliferation in, 111, 150, + 158 + Peace plan, 26, 55, 72, 77, + 97, 125, 133, 137, 143, + 145, 162, 175, 181 + Regional issues, 42, 44, 72, 74, + 80, 89, 100, 114, 123, + 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, + 138, 139, 144, 151, 153, + 165, 181 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1 + Soviet Union and, 130, 131, 145, 162, + 181 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 42, 110, + 111, 114, 115, 131, 142, + 145, 161, 162 + Weinberger, Caspar and, 78 + + Mikol’chak, Vitaliy, 2: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 44, 45 + + Military Liaison Mission (MLM), 76 + Military Staff Committee, 82 + Miller, James, 3, + 35, 61, 79, 116, 154 + MIRV. See + Multiple independently targeted re-entry + vehicles + MLM. See + Military Liaison Mission + Moellering, John, 1: + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 45 + + Moffitt, William, 139 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), 10, 20, 27: + Central Intelligence Agency response + to, 27, 61 + Department of Defense response to, + 31 + Department of State response to, 27, 28, + 31, 43, 49, 61, 62 + Federal Bureau of Investigation + response to, 61 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 31, + 33, 35, 38, 42 + Lonetree, Clayton role in, 10, 31, + 33 + National Security Council response to, + 49 + National Security Planning Group + response to, 61 + Naval Investigative Services response + to, 28, 53 + President’s Foreign Intelligence + Advisory Board and, 49, 61 + Reagan, Ronald response to, 37, 61 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + 38 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 28, 31, 33, 38, 42, 43, 45, + 49 + + Moscow State University, 161, 163 + Moscow Summit (1988), 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 141, 142, 157, 158, 162 + Arms control and disarmament, 120, 138, + 141, 146, 150, 156, 158, + 161 + Bilateral work agreements signed at, + 149, 153, 162, 168 + Chemical weapons and, 158 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe and, 157, + 158, 162, 175 + Conventional weapons and, 158, 161 + Department of State and, 135, 146 + Economic affairs, 124 + Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, + 156, 158, 160, 162, 163 + Human rights, 143, 153 + Joint Verification Experiment (1988) + and, 147, 157, 161, 162 + Marine Search and Rescue Agreement + (1988), 157 + Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), + 157, 161, 162 + National Security Council views on, + 97 + National Security Planning Group views + on, 120, 154 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 137, 142, 150 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 128, 135, 146, 154 + Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, 156, 158, + 160, 162, 163 + Reagan, Nancy role in, 144, 147 + Reagan, Ronald participant in, 156, 158, + 160, 162, 163 + Regional issues and, 151, 153, + 161, 162 + Scheduling, 135, 142, 144, 147, + 149, 157 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, + 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, + 164 + Shultz, George + participant in, 157, + 158, 161, 162, 163, 164 + views on, 140, 153, 154 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, + 168 + Southern Africa included in, 153, 157, + 162 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan + impact on, 123, 143, 157 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991) and, 110, 126, 128, + 149, 162 + Strategic Defense Initiative, 158 + Summit planning, 89, 120, 126, 130, + 131, 132, 135, 137, 139, + 141, 143, 144, 149, 150 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues + role in, 140, 142, 143, 147, 153, + 154, 161 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 168, 177, + 181 + Washington Summit (1987) and, 89 + Working Groups (Soviet) participant + in, 157, 161 + Working Groups (U.S.) participant in, + 157, 161 + + Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 41, 154, 160 + Mubarak, Hosni, 118 + Mujahideen, 26, 115, 130, 183: + Military assistance and sales, 131 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 30, 111, 114, 131, 132, + 139, 175 + + Multiple independently targeted re-entry + vehicles (MIRV), 6, 42, 81 + Murphy, Richard, 123, 131, 132, 141, 142: + Polyakov, Vladimir, counterpart to, + 144, 165 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 78, 137, 145 + + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), 70, 146, 147, 150, 158: + Conventional weapons and, 81, 85, + 136, 139 + Verification and verification + protocols, 7 + + MX missile, 39, 84, 101, 146 + + Nagorno-Karabakh region, 174 + Nagradov, Sergei, 99, 151 + Najibullah, Mohammad, 26, 137, 183: + People’s Democratic Party of + Afghanistan, and, 72, 110, 147, + 151 + + Namibia, 82, 137, 139, 162, 175, 178, 183: + National independence, 161, 181 + United Nations Security Council, and, + 150 + + National Security Agency (NSA), 31, 61 + National Security Council (NSC), 8, 9, 11, 31, 98, 104, 167: + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 49 + Moscow Summit (1988), views on, 97 + Paper prepared in, 10, 97, 148 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 97, 125 + + National Security Decision Directive: + NSDD 288, “My Objectives at the + Summit,” 92 + + National security interests: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal and, 125, 132, 134, + 136, 141, 142, 146, 152 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 2, 28, + 31, 33, 38, 42, 43 + + National Security Planning Group (NSPG), 34, 49, 62, 116, 143: + Meetings, 3, + 31, 35, 61, 79, 116, 120, 143, + 154, 166 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 61 + Moscow Summit (1988), views on, 120, 154 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), response to, + 3 + + National Union for the Total Independence of + Angola (UNITA, União Nacional para a Independência + Total de Angola), 150: + Savimbi, Jonas and, 44, 82, 137, 139, + 162, 175 + United States and, 139, 162 + + NATO. See + North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + Naval forces, 145, + 151, 160, + 161, 162, + 173, 175, + 181 + Naval Investigative Services, 27 + Nazarkin, Yuri, 68, + 70: + Chemical weapons, and, 139, 152, + 161, 176 + + Negroponte, John, 117, 120, 129, 154, 166 + Netherlands, 23 + New York Times, 10, 20 + Nicaragua, 14, 35, 38, 58, 67, 115, 146: + Central American Peace Accords (1987), + 139, 151 + El Salvador, conflict with, 82 + Honduras, conflict with, 82, 130, + 132, 139 + Regional issues, 82, 123, 162 + Soviet Union, relations with, 44, 82, + 103, 123, 129, 132, 140, + 141, 151 + United Nations, relations with, 139 + + Nitze, Paul, 6, 11, 66, 98, 157: + Akhromeyev, Sergei counterpart to, + 1, 6, + 42, 84, 100, 107, 114, + 161 + Arms control and disarmament, expert + on, 39, 80, 81, 91, 100, 121, 125, + 138, 149, 150, 161, 170, + 171, 176 + Defense and Space, and, 9, 40, 139, 152 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 7, 24, 39, 42, 67, 74, + 101, 102 + Karpov, Viktor counterpart to, 91 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 161 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 35, 79, 120 + Obukhov, Alexey counterpart to, 149, 176 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 40, + 44, 45, 68, 70, 74, 81, 83, + 84, 85, 91, 101, 102, 123, 125, + 126, 138, 147, 152, 170, + 171, 173, 174, 176 + Soviet private channel, and, 51 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 112 + + Nixon administration (1969–1974), 66, 122, 139 + Nixon, Richard, 11, + 50, 104, 147 + Norodom Sihanouk, 44, 123, 139, 175: + Cambodia, former leader of, 82 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator + of, 114, 162 + + North Atlantic Council, 8, 38, 55, 150 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) + (see also + U.S.-NATO relations): + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 6, 7, + 8, 42, + 45, 55, 91, 107, 134, 150, 161, + 178 + Conventional weapons, and, 3, 7, 108, 123, + 138, 147, 158, 161, 175 + European security, 50, 97, 100 + Flexible response, 50 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 45, 121 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 6 + Shultz, George report to, 101, 141, + 143 + Soviet Union, relations with, 7, 23, 34, 97, + 108, 134, 138, 146 + United Kingdom member of, 3 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 7, 8, 33, 39, + 52, 55, 63, 79, 89, 121, 178, + 180 + Warsaw Treaty Organization and, 40, 146 + + North Korea, 40, + 82, 111, 115, 162: + Korean Airlines Flight 858 bombing + (1987), 123, 138 + South Korea, relations with, 175 + Soviet Union, relations with, 138, 179 + United States, relations with, 162, 175, + 179 + + Norway, 39 + NPT. See + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NRRC. See + Nuclear Risk Reduction + Centers + NSA. See + National Security Agency + NSC. See + National Security Council + NSPG. See + National Security Planning + Group + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 12, 39, 66, 74, 80, 91, 112, 139, 161, 170, 176: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 15, 16, 42, 132, 173 + Ballistic missiles and, 21, 69, + 80 + Bush administration (George H.W.) + (1989–1993) impact on, 178 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + and, 17, 118, 142 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 17, 142 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 17, 45, 84, + 85, 87, 88, 89, 97, 98 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 137, 142, + 150 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, + 6, 45, + 102 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia included in, + 83 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 17, 63, 90, + 110, 120, 121, 122, 125, + 126, 132, 142, 146, 150, + 152, 165, 178 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 55 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 45, 81, 84, 153 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 112, 153 + + Nuclear energy safety: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + 6, 67, + 113, 120, 158, 163 + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown + (1979), 163 + + Nuclear nonproliferation, 6, 39, 40 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement + (1987), 63, 67, + 73 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRC), 8, 40, 45, 55, 121, 132, 133, 151, 162, 172 + Nuclear testing, 44, + 158: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal and, 3, 8, 17, 39, 45, + 51, 52, 68, 139, 142, 146 + Comprehensive Test Ban, 40 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), 70 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), 4, 40, 42, + 70, 74, 84, 85, 88, 107 + Joint Verification Experiment (1988), + and, 105, 120, 122, 132, 134, + 136, 138, 139, 142, 145, + 146, 147, 150, 152, 161, + 175 + Nuclear weapon control, 107 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1, 3, 5, 6 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 122, 125, + 134, 149, 152, 177 + Soviet Union and, 82 + Strategic defenses, and, 8, 9, 17, 39 + Verification and verification + protocols, 1, 40, 42, 43, 45, + 70, 120, 141, 161, 162 + + Nudel, Ida, 38, 40, 67, 80 + Nunn, Sam, 17, 40, 125, 139: + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, + establisher of, 63 + + + Oakley, Robert, 30, + 183: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 123 + + Obukhov, Alexey, 98: + Defense and Space, and, 134, 142, + 151 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 39, 68 + Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 134 + Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 149, 176 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 45, 68, + 70, 121, 126, 134, 138, + 139, 142, 149, 152, 176, + 177 + + Odom, William, 31, + 61 + Olympic Games (1988), 110, 175: + Security related to, 138, 162 + South Korea host to, 123, 138, + 139, 162 + Soviet Union participant in, 111, 123 + + O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 120 + On-site inspections, 7, 121, 158, 183: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Treaty (1987), included in, 149, + 151, 173 + Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, 101, 151 + Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty + (1991), included in, 120, 146, 173 + U.S. Navy role in, 122, 173 + Verification and verification + protocols, included in, 36, 39, 42, + 64, 70, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, + 88, 91, 98, 100, 101, 110, 120, + 122, 125, 133, 134, 146, + 149, 150, 152, 162, 173 + Votkinsk Machine Building Plant, 101, 151 + + Organization of African Unity, 44 + Orlov, Yuri, 35 + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, 82, 130, 151: + Shultz, George, meeting with, 44, 139 + + Outer space: + Arms race in, 42, 51, 64, 68 + + + Pakistan, 7, 63, 145: + Afghanistan and, 44, 72, 78, 110, + 123, 132, 137, 139, 157, + 175, 183 + India, conflict with, 26, 150 + Military assistance and sales, 26, 130, + 139 + Nuclear capability, 82 + Nuclear nonproliferation, related to, + 40 + Refugee resettlement, 110, 137, + 175 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations + with, 72, 157, 162 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 30, 44, 67, 72, 132, + 139, 175 + Zia, Muhammad and, 147, 163 + + Palazhchenko, Pavel, 42: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + interpreter for, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), interpreter for, + 156, 157, 160, 163 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + interpreter for, 6, 7, 46, 66, 67, + 69, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82, 83, + 84, 85, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, + 101, 121, 125, 132, 133, + 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, + 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, + 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, + 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, + 177 + Washington Summit (1987), interpreter + for, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114 + + Palenykh, Igor, 139: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 152, 175, 176 + + Palestine, 44, 97, 123, 125, 137, 145, 175 + Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 125, 137: + Israel and, 142, 143, 175 + United States, relations with, 178 + + Panama, 131, 146, 147 + Parris, Mark, 16, + 24, 68, 87, 141, 153: + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 12 + Moscow Summit (1988), notetaker for, + 157, 158, 162 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials + notetaker for, 38, 44, 66, 69, 71, 72, 74, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, 98, 100, 122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 137, 139, 142, 144, 146, 150, 152 + participant in, 7, 44, 45 + + Washington Summit (1987), notetaker + for, 107, 110, 111, 115 + + Pascoe, Boris “Lynn,” 41 + Pasternak, Boris, 47 + PDPA. See + People’s Democratic Party of + Afghanistan + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976) + (PNET), 70, 149, + 173: + Treaty ratification, 1, 43, 74, 84, + 120, 122, 131, 132, 134, + 136, 161, 177 + Verification and verification + protocols, 40, 139, 141, 145, 147, + 150, 152, 153, 162, 165, + 175, 178 + + Peltier, Leonard, 144, 172 + Penzias, Arnold, 99 + People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA): + Najibullah, Mohammad and, 72, 110, + 147, 151 + Soviet Union, relations with, 110, 123, + 131, 132 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + and, 26, 72, 175 + + People’s Republic of China. See + China + Peres, Shimon, 123, + 145, 175 + Perestroika, 41, + 66, 84, 107, 160, 163, 181 (see also + Gorbachev’s “new thinking”) + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 91: + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), mediator + of, 44, 59, 72, 74, 78, 82, 111, + 115, 123, 138, 139, 142, + 145, 151 + + Perina, Rudolf, 156, 159, 160, 182 + Perle, Richard, 1, + 11, 51: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 9 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 40 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), and, 63 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 39, 40, 44, + 45 + + Persian Gulf, 58, + 100, 111, + 143: + East-West trade, and, 59, 78 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 44, 56, + 59, 60, 72, 82, 91, 92, 115, + 147 + United States role in, 82, 115, + 125, 145, 162 + U.S. Navy, and, 72, 78, 82, 145, + 147 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 84, 89, + 162 + + Peshawar Alliance, 132, 175 + Petrov, Sergey, 183 + Petrovsky, Vladimir, 78, 123, 173 + PFIAB. See + President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory + Board + Platt, Nicholas, 12 + PLO. See + Palestine Liberation + Organization + PNET. See + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty + (1976) + Poindexter, John, 1, + 4, 6, 139: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), views on, 5 + Iran-Contra Affair, role in, 9 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3 + + Poland, 7, 38 + Policy Planning Staff (S/P), 89 + Policy Review Group, 33: + Meetings, 24 + + Politburo, 110, + 114, 115, + 117, 154, + 158, 162: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 23 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” and, 181 + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 97, 103 + + Political prisoners, 136, 144, 157: + Prisoner release, 32, 38, 66, 111, + 133 + Soviet Union, and, 29, 80, 121, 138, + 145, 172 + + Pol Pot, 44, 82, 175, 179 + Polyakov, Vladimir, 75: + Armacost, Michael “Mike” counterpart + to, 175 + Murphy, Richard counterpart to, 144, 165 + Regional issues, and, 137, 170, + 171, 175 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 137, 145, 170, + 171, 175, 176 + + Pope John Paul II, 120 + Posner, Vladimir, 116 + Powell, Alma, 174 + Powell, Colin, 30, + 33, 65, 103, 106, 117, 124, 129, 148, 159, 165: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 118, 121, 122, 123, 143 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 104, 118 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 105, 107, + 125 + Korniyenko, Georgiy, meeting with, + 118 + Kryuchkov, Vladimir, meeting with, + 104 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 158, 162 + National Security Council, appointed + to, 98 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 61, 116, + 120, 143, 154, 166 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 136 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 98, 99, 100, + 101, 122, 123, 125, 126, + 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, + 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, + 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, + 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, + 176, 177, 179 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + views on, 131 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, + 115 + + Pravda, 110 + President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory + Board (PFIAB), 28, 33, 62: + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + and, 49, 61 + + Press, Frank, 99 + Primakov, Evgeniy, 1, + 111: + Solomon, Richard counterpart to, 111 + + Psychiatric abuse, 38, 85, 131, 133, 136, 144, 148, 172 + + Qadhafi, Muammar, 44, 173, 181, 183 + Qian Qichen, 179 + + Racism, 133 + Rangoon bombing (1983), 138 + Reagan administration (1981–1988): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal, views on, 3, 6, 7, 17, 125 + Arms control and disarmament, 3, 11, 23, 39, + 66, 110, 120, 128, 139, + 157, 167 + Contras, and, 38, 92, 114, 139, + 162 + Department of State role in, 30 + “Four-part agenda” and, 4, 18, 24, 30, + 35, 37, 55, 63, 90, 92, 97, + 143, 147, 154, 177 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 128, 135, + 146, 154 + Mujahideen, and, 30, 111, 114, 131, + 132, 139, 175 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 3, 7, 8, 17, 33, 39, 52, + 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180 + Public diplomacy, and, 25 + Reagan Doctrine, 30, 77 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 35, 121 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 17, 34, + 39, 51, 79, 86, 118, 158 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 4, 8, 14, 26, + 30, 49, 63, 120, 123, 158 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 4, 6, 17, 25, + 26, 30, 35, 42, 66, 77, 84, + 95, 97, 103, 117, 125, + 129, 135, 143, 147, 154, + 183 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 51, 55, + 66, 97, 134, 143 + + Reagan, Nancy, 20, + 37, 67, 73, 159, 160, 177, 182: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 109, 163, + 165 + Gorbachev, Raisa and, 96, 99, + 100, 163, 165 + Moscow Summit (1988), role in, 144, 147 + + Reagan, Ronald, 12, + 22, 46: + Afghanistan, and, 30, 37 + Arms control and disarmament, 6, 37, 45, 54, + 108 + Brandenburg Gate speech (1987), 54, 110, + 177 + Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 14, 20, + 48, 77, 95 + Danilov Monastery, speaker at, 155 + Eureka College, speaker at, 39 + Global double zero option, 54 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + correspondence with, 37, + 42, 56, 59, 64, 73, 88, 165, 167, 168 + meeting with, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115, 156, 158, 160, 162, 180, 181, 182 + + Human rights, and, 138, 155 + Kim Il Sung, correspondence with, 110, 115 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” + correspondence with, 14 + Memorandum of Notification, 93, 166 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + response to, 37, 61 + Moscow State University, speaker at, + 161, 163 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 156, 158, 160, 162, 163 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 120 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), 63, 67, 73 + Religious freedom, views on, 149, 156, + 159, 177 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1, 6 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 63, 67, 73, 75, 90, 138, 177 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 14, 19, + 21, 25, 48, 77, 95 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + views on, 30, 110, 156 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 34, 39, 118 + Thatcher, Margaret, meeting with, 155 + United Nations General Assembly, + speaker at, 63, 153 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 14, 19 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 43, 147, 155 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, + 115 + + Redman, Charles, 142, 152, 183 + Refugee resettlement, 123, 137, 145, 151, 175 + Refuseniks, 29, 32, 35, 38, 172, 178, 183 + Regan, Donald, 3, + 6, 9: + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 14, 19, + 21 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + + Regional issues, 24, + 98, 126: + Afghanistan, 26, 63, 72, 114, + 119, 123, 125, 131, 139, + 141, 142, 145, 175 + Angola, 35, + 82, 125, 139, 161, 175, + 178 + Central America, 123, 131, 132, 140, + 146, 151, 162, 177 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 30, 35, 72, + 82 + Middle East, 42, 44, 72, 74, + 80, 89, 100, 114, 123, + 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, + 138, 139, 144, 151, 153, + 165, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 151, 153, + 161, 162 + Nagorno-Karabakh region, 174 + National reconciliation, 82, 123, + 139, 162, 168 + Nicaragua, 82, 123, 162 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, + 123, 142, 161, 174, 176 + Southeast Asia, 26, 82, 123, 165 + Southern Africa, 8, 44, 82, 111, + 115, 123, 139, 146, 150, + 153, 157, 161, 162, 177, + 178, 183 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 30, 41, 43, 44, 72, 77, 110, + 140, 157, 162, 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 8, 64, 67, + 82, 94, 114, 115, 123, + 131, 137, 139, 151, 153, + 161, 165, 181, 183 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 55, 89, + 90, 92, 100, 111, 114, + 115 + + Republican Party, 8, + 95, 147 + Republic of Korea. See + South Korea + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 1, 12, 24: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 1, 66, + 68, 89, 102 + Arms control and disarmament, impact + on, 1, 3, + 5, 6, + 8, 14, + 23, 34, 40, 43, 44, 45, 66, + 67, 68, 74, 84, 87, 89, 90, + 102, 158, 173 + Bomber counting rule, 79, 81, + 84, 89, 102, 107, 134, + 146 + Department of State role in, 1 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 19 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 5, 6, 7, 8, 66, 69, 74, + 90, 102, 107 + Middle East role in, 1 + National Security Planning Group + response to, 3 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 6 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + impact on, 6, 45, 102 + Nuclear testing and, 1, 3, 5, 6 + Reagan, Ronald participant in, 1, 6 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + impact on, 41, 84, 102, 107, 146 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 1, 6, 51, 108 + U.S. Congress and, 3, 4, 120 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues + role in, 1, 6, 66 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 5, 6, + 18, 34, 38, 55, 64, 66, 84, + 99, 100, 157 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 1, 6, 42, 68 + + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” 29, 32, 42, 67, 90, 124, 138, 141, 153: + Adamishin, Anatoly counterpart to, + 98 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, counterpart + to, 6, 74, + 89, 105, 107, 108, 111, + 123, 126, 132, 145, 149, + 150 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 12 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 30 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 158, 161, 162 + Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), + 162 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 79, 120, 154 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1, 35 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 7, 39, 40, + 41, 44, 45, 68, 72, 74, 76, + 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, + 89, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 122, + 123, 125, 133, 134, 135, + 137, 139, 142, 144, 145, + 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, + 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, + 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, + 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 24, 39, 66, 121, 134, + 139, 177, 183 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 108, 111, 115 + + Robinson, C. Paul, 161: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 152, 175, 176 + + Rodman, Peter, 117 + Romania, 172, 183 + Rondeau, Ann, 31 + Ross, Dennis, 145 + Rostow, Nicholas, 116, 166 + Rowny, Edward, 3, + 67, 143: + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 102 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 35, 79, 120 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 1 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 40, 44, 45, + 102, 138 + + Rumsfeld, Donald, 11 + Russian Orthodox Church, 148, 159, 163 + Ruwe, L. Nicholas, 1 + Rybakov, Yuri, 111 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 26, 46, 66, + 121, 160, + 181: + Economic reform, views on, 42, 124, + 125 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 41, 126, + 127 + + + Sakharov, Andrei, 38, 127, 133, 178: + Dissident movements, participant in, + 32 + Human rights, advocate for, 97 + Refuseniks, member of, 29, 35 + + SALT II (1979), 9, + 39, 42, 58, 81, 85, 107 (see also + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks + (1969–1979)) + Samoilovich, Georgiy, 183 + Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, + Frente Sandinista de Liberación + Nacional), 131, 139, 162 + Saudi Arabia, 78, + 150, 162 + Savimbi, Jonas, 35: + National Union for the Total + Independence of Angola, and, 44, + 82, 137, 139, 162, 175 + + SCC. See + Special Coordination Committee; + Standing Consultative + Commission + Schifter, Richard, 38, 80, 144, 161, 172: + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, 123 + Human rights, and, 29, 32, 39, 121, + 133, 143, 157, 170 + Information Memorandum prepared by, + 29, 32 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 24 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 126, 170, + 171, 176, 178 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 111 + + Schlesinger, James, 49, 53, 55, 61 + Scowcroft, Brent, 180 + SDI. See + Strategic Defense Initiative + Sears World Trade, 124 + Senate Observer Group, 91 + Shah, Mohammed Zahir, 26, 72: + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 44, 132, 175 + + Shamir, Yitzhak, 125, 131, 137, 145: + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, + 77 + + Shevardnadze, Eduard, 3, 4, 8, + 11, 15, 16, 26, 35, 42, 55, 57, 87 (see also + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials): + Afghanistan, views on, 44 + Agreement for Cooperation in Basic + Scientific Research (1989), signer of, 183 + Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 138, 170 + Cambodia, views on, 44 + Conference on the Prohibition of + Chemical Weapons (1989), speaker at, 183 + Environmental affairs, views on, 178 + Geneva Accords (1988), signer of, 141, 142 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” and, 169 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Komsomol Congress, meeting with, 45 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 142 + Memorandum of Understanding on + Cooperation to Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), + signer of, 183 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, + 164 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), signer of, 63, + 67 + Powell, Colin, meeting with, 136 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 63, 67, + 73, 75, 90, 138, 177 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 39 + U.S. Congress, meeting with, 66 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 89, 130, 169 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, + 111, 112, 114, 115 + + Shevardnadze, Nanuli, 132, 163, 170, 174 + Short-range attack missile (SRAM), 39, 42 + Short-range intermediate nuclear forces + (SRINF), 1, 8, 24, 36, 41, 48, 51, 67, 71: + Czechoslovakia and, 39, 44, 45, 69, + 98 + East Germany and, 39, 40, 42, 43, + 44, 45, 69, 98, 151 + Global double zero option, included + in, 54, 57, 64, 68, 74, 80, 81 + + Shultz, George, 23, + 37, 50, 56, 66, 118, 120, 160 (see also + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials): + Afanasenko, Peter interpreter for, + 85, 124, 142, 149, 152 + Agreement for Cooperation in Basic + Scientific Research (1989), signer of, 183 + Baker, James successor of, 178, 179, + 180, 181, 183 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union + Conference (1988), views on, 170 + Conference on the Prohibition of + Chemical Weapons (1989), views on, 183 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 1, 16, 165, 167 + East-West trade, views on, 41, 42 + Economic affairs, and, 41 + Foreign currency exchange, views on, + 124 + Geneva Accords (1988), signer of, 141, 142 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 42, 43, + 84, 125, 127, 147, 183 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, + 47 + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 39, 40, + 41, 42, 45, 46, 55 + Labor disputes, and, 133 + Memorandum of Understanding on + Cooperation to Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), + signer of, 183 + Memorandum prepared by, 55, 62, + 63, 119, 127, 131, 136, + 140, 153 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + views on, 62 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), views on, 66, 141, 178 + Moscow Summit (1988) + participant in, 157, + 158, 161, 162, 163, 164 + views on, 140, 153, 154 + + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, + 120 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + report to, 101, 141, 143 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center + Agreement (1987), signer of, 63, + 67 + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, meeting with, + 44, 139 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 8, + 16, 47, 55 + meeting with, 14, 19, 21, 25, 48, 77, 95 + + Refuseniks, meeting with, 127 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, meeting with, 41, 126, + 127 + Soviet intelligentsia, meeting with, + 127 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + views on, 41 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 8, 41, + 43, 47, 55, 63, 84, 87, 89, + 94, 95 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, + 111, 112, 114, 115 + + Shultz, Helena O’Bie, 40, 47, 99, 106, 163, 164, 174 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + impact on, 161, 168, 173 + Chemical weapons and, 122, 125, + 134, 141, 146, 149, 178 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, 138, 139, 146, + 152, 162, 170 + Conventional weapons and, 123, 125, + 134, 172 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), + 64, 81, 84, 90, 110, 120, 131, + 132, 134, 143, 144, 146, + 149, 150, 173, 177 + Geneva (April and May, 1988), 142, 149, + 150, 151, 152 + Geneva (November 1987), 98, 99, + 100, 101, 102 + Human rights, 133, 144, 145, 147, + 172 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 21, 22, 65, + 66, 69 + Memorandum of Understanding, 134, 138, + 144, 146, 151 + Moscow (April 1987), 38, 39, + 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46 + Moscow (April 1988), 144, 145, + 146, 147 + Moscow (February 1988), 121, 122, + 123, 124, 125, 126 + Moscow (May and June 1988), 157, 161 + Moscow (October 1987), 80, 81, + 82, 83, 84, 85 + Moscow Summit (1988) and, 168 + Nuclear testing, 122, 125, 134, 149, + 152, 177 + Paris (January 1989), 183 + Regional issues and, 123, 142, + 161, 174, 176 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, + 41, 84, 102, 107, 146 + Southern Africa included in, 137, 139, + 141, 146, 150, 161, 175 + Strategic Defense Initiative related + to, 90 + Vienna (November 1986), 6, 7 + Washington (December 1987), 105, 110, + 111, 112 + Washington (December 1988), 178, 179 + Washington (March 1988), 132, 133, + 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, + 139, 140 + Washington (October 1987), 89, 90, + 91 + Washington (September 1987), 63, 66, + 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, + 75, 76, 78 + Washington (September 1988), 170, 171, + 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, + 177 + Washington Summit (1987), and, 51, 66, + 134, 143 + + Silins, Ints, 170, + 171: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 176 + + Simons, Thomas, 16, + 38, 66, 67, 106, 141, 153: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + notetaker for, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988) + notetaker for, 160 + participant in, 156 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials + notetaker for, 6, 39, 42, 68, 91, 101, 125, 133, 138, 145, 147, 149, 151 + participant in, 45, 85, 121, 126, 139, 178, 183 + + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 39, 85, 91, 121, 139, + 149, 161, 183 + Washington Summit (1987), notetaker + for, 108, 111, 114 + + SLBM. See + Submarine-launched ballistic + missile + SLCM. See + Submarine-launched cruise + missiles + SNDV. See + Strategic nuclear delivery + vehicle + Sokolov, Sergei, 68, + 70: + Weinberger, Caspar, meeting with, 45 + + Solidarity, 116 + Solomon, Richard, 29, 32, 41, + 80, 86, 87, 124: + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 161 + Primakov, Evgeniy, counterpart to, + 111 + Regional issues, and, 121, 170, + 171, 176 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 89 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 44, 145, 170, + 171, 175, 176 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 111 + + South Africa, 40, + 123, 150: + Angola, and, 44, 82, 137, 161, + 178 + Apartheid, 44, 82, 139 + International Atomic Energy Agency, + member of, 70 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 137, 139 + + Southern Africa, 123, 162: + Humanitarian assistance, 82 + Moscow Summit (1988), included in, + 153, 157, 162 + Regional issues, 8, 44, 82, 111, + 115, 123, 139, 146, 150, + 153, 157, 161, 162, 177, + 178, 183 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + included in, 137, 139, 141, + 146, 150, 161, 175 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 26 + + South Korea, 39: + North Korea, relations with, 175 + Olympic Games (1988), host to, 123, 138, + 139, 162 + Soviet Union, relations with, 179 + + Soviet SS–20s in Asia: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + compliance, 105 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), 42, 68 + Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 1 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + included in, 83 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 1, 6, 51, 108 + Verification and verification + protocols, 39, 44, 68, 74, 91, + 98 + + Soviet State Committee for Science & + Technology (GKNT, Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Nauke + i Tekhnike), 15 + Soviet Union, 93, + 141, 147: + Afghanistan, diplomatic relations + with, 132 + China, relations with, 97, 175, + 179 + Clandestine intelligence collection, + allegations of, 38, 42 + Consumer goods, 13, 124 + Contadora, 115, 139 + Cuba, relations with, 44, 103, + 130, 131, 146, 154 + Cultural heritage, 174 + Developing countries, and, 103 + Disinformation, 166 + Eastern Europe, relations with, 97, 178 + East Germany, diplomatic relations + with, 7, 39, 42, 69, 98, 177 + Economic reform, 32, 41, 67, 97, + 103, 104, 117, 124, 127, + 129, 160, 175, 181, 183 + Emigration, and, 1, 24, 32, 38, + 80, 121, 123, 133, 136, + 143, 144, 146, 180 + Food industry, participant in, 113 + Food shortages, 124 + Free flow of information, 116 + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) and, 42, 97 + Global zero option, 39, 42, 43, 44, + 51, 68, 142 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” and, 18, 66, + 67, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 106, + 116, 117, 125, 127, 129, + 144, 153, 160, 166 + Housing, 124 + Human rights, and, 18, 29, 32, 38, + 43, 66, 107, 111, 133, + 144, 172, 179 + Intelligence collection, 33, 38, + 42 + International Monetary Fund, admission + to, 97 + International trade, participant in, + 24, 41, 42, 97, 124 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 56, 59, + 110 + Iran, diplomatic relations with, 78, 110, + 114, 123, 139, 145, 162 + Israel, relations with, 44, 123, + 125, 133, 162, 175 + Land reform, 124 + Legal reform, 80, 131, 160, 161, + 172, 183 + Middle East, and, 130, 131, 145, 162, + 181 + Military capabilities, 58, 97, + 103, 110, 139, 178, 180, + 181 + Most Favored Nation status, 41, 154 + Nicaragua, relations with, 44, 82, + 103, 123, 129, 132, 140, + 141, 151 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 7, 23, 34, + 97, 108, 134, 138, 146 + North Korea, relations with, 138, 179 + Nuclear testing, and, 82 + Olympic Games (1988), participant in, + 111, 123 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, + 72, 157, 162 + People’s Democratic Party of + Afghanistan, relations with, 110, + 123, 131, 132 + Political prisoners and, 29, 80, + 121, 138, 145, 172 + Refuseniks, response to, 29, 32, + 42, 97, 178 + Religious freedom, 38, 148, 149, 156, + 159, 172 + Russian Orthodox Church, 148, 159 + Social reform, 97, 124, 127, 160, + 176 + South Korea, relations with, 179 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April + 1985), 41 + Soviet foreign policy, 18, 34, + 58, 67, 97, 103, 117, 119, 153, + 160, 170, 181 + Soviet government reform, 32, 117, + 124, 160, 163, 181, 183 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), 19, 31, + 41 + Soviet intelligentsia, 32, 47, + 127 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 22, 58 + Soviet military, and, 97, 104 + Strategic Defense Initiative, response + to, 34, 50, 58, 68, 86, 89, 103, + 110, 134, 158 + Strategic defenses, capable of, 1, 6, 39, 42, + 45, 108, 110, 158 + United Kingdom, relations with, 1, 150, + 178 + United Nations Security Council, role + in, 44, 59, 60, 78, 82, 84, 123, + 138, 145 + United Nations, and, 26, 97 + UNSC Resolution 598 (1987) and, 111, 115, + 123 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator + of, 82, 115, 157 + Vietnam, relations with, 82, 114, + 115 + West Germany, relations with, 41, 69, + 71, 74, 80, 151 + + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan: + Cordovez, Diego mediator of, 44, 72, + 123, 132, 137, 139, 145, + 147, 175 + Geneva Accords (1988) precursor to, + 123, 132, 137, 139, 140, + 141, 145, 175, 183 + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 119, 125 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), included in, 30, + 44, 67, 72 + Linkage, 132 + Moscow Summit (1988), impact on, 123, 143, + 157 + Prisoners of War/Missing in Action, + 165 + Shah, Mohammed Zahir, 44, 132, + 175 + United Nations Security Council role + in, 119, 123 + United States role in, 44, 55, + 110, 111 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 26, 30, + 44, 55, 67, 110, 125, 145, 175 + Washington Summit (1987), included in, + 92, 110, 111, 115 + + S/P. See + Policy Planning Staff + Space-strike arms, 39, 40, 42, 51, 69, 181: + Arms race and, 110 + + Spain, 40 + Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 39, 45, 67, 68, 89, 110, 134 + Spiers, Ronald, 61 + SRAM. See + Short-range attack missile + Sredin, Vasiliy, 75, + 101: + Moscow Summit (1988), notetaker for, + 157, 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + notetaker for, 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + and, 121, 170, 171, 176 + + SRINF. See + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces + Stalin, Joseph, 67, + 97, 104: + Human rights violations, and, 29, 32 + Religious discrimination, 148 + + Standing Consultative Commission (SCC), 81, 89: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + violation, and, 82, 110 + + Stepanov, Teymuraz, 67, 90: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 68, 70, 83, + 89, 91, 100, 133, 137, + 138, 139, 150, 152, 174, + 177, 178, 183 + + Stevens, Paul, 116, + 166 + Stolar, Abe, 38, + 67, 80, 89, 156, 165, 172, 183 + Stone, Marvin, 24 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), + 58, 68, 107, 108: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) + and, 42 + + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), + 5, 7, 58: + Air-launched cruise missiles, and, + 120, 131, 133, 134, 136, + 138, 141, 142, 143, 146, + 152, 153, 162, 173 + Arms control and disarmament and, 4, 36, 39, 55, + 65, 120, 125, 152 + Ballistic missiles, 42, 161 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 18, 45, 67, 79, 114, + 118, 158 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, + and, 121, 152 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987) and, 34 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 110, 126, + 128, 149, 162 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 17, 63, 90, 110, 120, + 121, 122, 125, 126, 132, + 142, 146, 150, 152, 165, + 178 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 35, 121 + Strategic Defense Initiative and, 55 + Strategic defenses and, 110, 153 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + 36, 89, 121, 146, 162 + U.S. Congress and, 120, 158, 173 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 110, 118, 120, + 125, 128, 131, 132, 133, + 134, 142, 144, 146, 152, + 173 + + Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991), 120, 147, 153: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal and, 64, 65, 67, + 68, 74, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, + 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, + 122, 125, 134, 136, 138, + 139, 152, 157, 161 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Treaty (1987), and, 120 + Linkage, 74, + 75, 81, 84, 107, 110, 152 + On-site inspections included in, 120, 146, + 173 + Treaty compliance, 120 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 42, 68, 74, + 81, 82, 84, 89, 98, 107, 110, + 112, 120, 122, 133, 134, + 136, 138, 142, 152 + + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 30: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + compliance, and, 1, 3, 4, 21, 39, + 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 97, 118, + 134 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) + and, 21, 120, 143 + Department of Defense views on, 84 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 16, 23, 42, + 79 + Linkage and, 23, 34, 45, 51, + 67 + Moscow Summit (1988), 158 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + and, 55 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + and, 17, 34, 39, 51, 79, + 86, 118, 158 + Research and development, 18, 42, + 81, 158 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + related to, 90 + Soviet Union response to, 34, 50, + 58, 68, 86, 89, 103, 110, 134, + 158 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 55 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + related to, 6, 8, 14, 17, 18, + 51, 65, 110, 134 + Teller, Edward contribution to, 158 + U.S. Congress and, 14, 43 + Washington Summit (1987), 89, 90, + 92, 134 + + Strategic defenses: + Air and missile defense, 105, 107, + 153 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + whether permitted by, 1, 3, 4, 6, 39, 42, 43, + 68, 81, 84, 89, 97, 105, 107, + 118, 122, 134, 142 + Ballistic missiles and, 1, 5, 8, 9, 110 + Deterrence, 3, + 8, 79, + 92, 97, 149 + First strike capability, related to, + 3, 39, + 158 + Nuclear testing and, 8, 9, 17, 39 + Soviet Union capable of, 1, 6, 39, 42, + 45, 108, 110, 158 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 110, 153 + + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle (SNDV), + 74, 143 + Strategic offensive arms reductions: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal associated with, 8, + 36, 42, 84, 89, 102, 108, 132, + 136, 138, 152, 161, 168 + Arms control and disarmament, 3, 6, 8, 14, 36, 37, + 39, 42, 45, 51, 64, 67, 68, + 74, 75, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, + 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, + 128, 133, 134, 146, 149, + 152, 157, 158, 168, 181 + China and, 6 + France and, 1, + 6, 39 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), + 45, 81, 84, 153 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), 36, 89, 121, 146, 162 + Strategic Defense Initiative related + to, 6, 8, + 14, 17, 18, 51, 65, 110, 134 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile + included in, 39, 42, 125, 136, 173 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles + role in, 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, + 134, 138, 142, 146, 158, + 173 + United Kingdom and, 6, 8 + U.S.-NATO relations affected by, 7, 8, 34, 39, + 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180 + U.S. nuclear triad included in, 39, 42, + 67, 81, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107 + Verification and verification + protocols, 8, 39, 81, 84, 91, + 121, 122, 125, 128, 131, + 133, 144, 146, 152, 173 + + Sublimits: + Air-launched cruise missiles, 122, 146, + 157 + Ballistic missiles, 39, 84, 89, 96, + 107, 146, 173 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, + 17, 42, 67, 81, 84, 89, 96, + 118, 122, 125, 131, 136, + 141, 143, 152, 158 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile, + 1, 81, + 84, 96, 136 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles, + 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, 134, 138, + 142, 146, 158, 173 + + Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), + 79, 102, 143, 151, 162: + Nuclear triad, role in, 39, 69, + 74, 107 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + included in, 39, 42, 125, 136, 173 + Sublimits, 1, + 81, 84, 96, 136 + + Submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), + 88, 98, 112, 131, 161, 176, 181: + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + role in, 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, + 134, 138, 142, 146, 158, + 173 + Sublimits, 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, 134, + 138, 142, 146, 158, 173 + Verification and verification + protocols, 45, 89, 102, 110, 118, + 122, 125, 138, 139, 143, + 144, 146, 152, 162 + + Sukhodrev, Viktor: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + notetaker for, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988) + notetaker for, 158, 162 + participant in, 156 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 121, 126, + 151, 152 + + Summit meeting. See + Geneva Summit (1985); Moscow Summit (1988); Reykjavik Summit (1986); Washington Summit (1987) + Sununu, John, 113 + Supreme Soviet, 125, 172: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 76, 133, + 137 + + Sweden, 40, 124 + Syria, 125, 157, 172: + Chemical warfare, 71, 82, 183 + Israel and, 7, + 44, 71 + Terrorism, and, 7 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 174 + + + Tarasenko, Sergei, 40, 44, 66, 67, 82, 83, 90: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials + notetaker for, 98, 133, 134, 137, 138, 142, 144, 150, 170 + participant in, 68, 70, 78, 99, 100, 121, 122, 123, 139, 145, 149, 151, 152, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177 + + Washington Summit (1987), notetaker + for, 107, 108, 110, 111, 114 + + TASS. See + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet + Union + Tbilisi, 141, 143, 147, 149, 163, 168, 179 + Technology transfer, 40, 104 + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS, + Telegraphnoye Agentstvo Sovyetskogo + Soyvza), 7, 115 + Teller, Edward, 42, + 158 + Terrorism: + Aeroflot 244 hijacking (1970), 121, 133, + 144 + Civil aviation, and, 7 + Hindawi Affair (April 1986), 7 + Iran and, 145 + Korean Airlines Flight 858 bombing + (1987), 138 + Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking (September + 1986), 7 + Rangoon bombing (1983), 138 + Syria and, 7 + + Thatcher, Margaret, 38, 41, 138: + Conventional weapons, and, 8 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, + 42, 125, 181 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 155 + Shamir, Yitzhak, relations with, 77 + + Third World. See + Developing countries + Thomas, Charles, 1, + 16, 87: + Conventional weapons, and, 80, 123 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 152, 175, + 176 + + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown (1979), + 163 + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974) (TTBT), 70, 161: + Treaty ratification, 1, 43, 74, 84, + 120, 122, 131, 132, 134, + 136, 162, 177 + Verification and verification + protocols, 40, 139, 141, 147, 150, + 165, 175, 178 + + Throw-weight, 8, 39, 74, 79, 81, 84, 102, 107, 133: + Arms control and disarmament, role in, + 120 + + Thule radar, 67, + 167, 173, + 177 + Tichon, Archimandrite, 159 + Timbie, James, 80, + 141, 153: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 40, 44, 45 + + Trade unions, 121: + Human rights and, 133, 144, 147 + + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear + Weapons (1968) (NPT), 40, 70, 74, 100, 134, 150 + TTBT. See + Threshold Test Ban Treaty + (1974) + Turkey, 39, 133, 174: + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, and, 172, + 178, 183 + Greece, relations with, 139, 146 + United States, relations with, 44, 146 + + Tuttle, Donna, 154 + + Ukraine, 38, 147, 148, 160, 163 + UN. See + United Nations + UNGA. See + United Nations General + Assembly + UNITA. See + National Union for the Total Independence + of Angola + United Kingdom, 7, + 11, 38, 113, 165, 181: + Chemical weapons, and, 40, 45, + 108, 125, 134, 150 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, and, 178 + Fylingdales radar, 67, 167, 173, 177 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + and, 3, 6, + 39, 40, 91, 108, 110, 136 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + member of, 3 + Nuclear testing, and, 122 + Soviet Union, relations with, 1, 150, + 178 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + and, 6, 8 + United Nations Security Council, + member of, 123, 139 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 1, 121, 122 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 8, 177 + + United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 26, 125, 153, 165, 175: + Gorbachev, Mikhail speaker at, 178, 179, + 180, 181, 183 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 55, 90, + 161 + + United Nations Good Offices Mission to + Afghanistan and Pakistan, 175 + United Nations High Commissioner for + Refugees, 123, 137, 144 + United Nations Security Council, 153: + France member of, 44 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 44, 56, + 59, 72, 78, 82, 92, 110, 111, + 115, 123, 125, 145 + Soviet Union role in, 44, 59, + 60, 78, 82, 84, 123, 138, 145 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + role in, 119, 123 + United Kingdom member of, 123, 139 + UNSC Resolution 242 (1962), 44, 125, + 137, 145, 175 + UNSC Resolution 338 (1973), 44, 125, + 137, 145, 175 + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 82, 139, + 150, 161, 162 + UNSC Resolution 598 (1987), 67, 84, + 97, 110, 111, 115, 123, + 138, 139, 145, 162 + + United Nations Special Session on Disarmament + (1988), 146, 150 + United Nations (UN), 55, 58, 111, 121, 125, 133, 134, 139: + Chemical weapons control, and, 146, 161 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 59, 63, + 78, 110, 114, 115, 123, + 162 + Refugee resettlement, 145, 151 + Soviet Union and, 26, 97 + United States Mission at the United + Nations, 56, 178 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 2, 80, 82, 84, + 183 + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator + of, 175 + + United States (see + also + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues; + U.S.-Soviet Union relations; + U.S.-Soviet Union trade + relations): + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 30, 40, 64, 70, 90, 103, 146, + 151, 158 + China, relations with, 103 + Contadora, and, 44, 115, 139 + Covert actions, 93, 116, 166 + Cultural heritage, 107, 153, 160, 174 + Discrimination, and, 107, 121, + 156 + El Salvador, diplomatic relations + with, 139 + Europe, and, 4, 23, 34, 50, 100, 108 + Foreign policy, 31, 40, 51, 141, + 147 + Honduras, and, 132, 139, 146 + Human rights, and, 156, 160 + International trade, and, 41 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), mediator + of, 56, 110 + Japan, diplomatic relations with, 44, 45, + 183 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + 10, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, + 42, 43, 49, 53, 61, 62 + Mujahideen, and, 92, 111, 130, 131, + 132, 139, 175, 183 + National security interests, 38 + National Union for the Total + Independence of Angola, and, 139, + 162 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 39, 55, 63, + 79, 103, 121, 178, 180 + North Korea, relations with, 162, 175, + 179 + Nuclear triad, 42, 68, 69, 74, + 79, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 107 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, + 30, 44, 67, 72, 132, 139, 175 + Palestine Liberation Organization, + relations with, 178 + Persian Gulf, role in, 82, 115, + 125, 145, 162 + Racism, 133 + Religious freedom, 156 + South Africa, diplomatic relations + with, 137, 139 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + role in, 44, 55, 110, 111 + Space activities, 41 + Syria, diplomatic relations with, 174 + Turkey, relations with, 44, 146 + United Kingdom, diplomatic relations + with, 1, 121, 122 + United States invasion of Grenada + (October 1983), 44 + U.S. Air Force, 31, 42, 134, 146, + 147, 173 + U.S. Navy, 152, 181 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + 23, 117, 125 + Vietnam, diplomatic relations with, + 162, 175 + West Germany, diplomatic relations + with, 71, 74, 84, 122, 150 + + United States Information Agency (USIA), 7, 38, 74, 100, 115, 157 + Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), + 6, 32, 38, 41, 80, 147 + UNSC Resolution 242 (1962), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175 + UNSC Resolution 338 (1973), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175 + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 82, 139, 150, 161, 162 + UNSC Resolution 598 (1987), 67, 84, 97, 115, 123, 138: + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), impact on, + 72, 78, 82, 110, 111, 139, 145, + 162 + + Uruguay, 67 + U.S. Congress, 10, + 33, 42, 55, 70, 91, 105, 108, 118, 183: + Defense budget, and, 14, 23, + 61, 120 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 89, 99, + 100, 104, 115 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 40, 74, + 97, 99, 121, 125, 149, + 150, 155 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Treaty (1987), advise and consent, 74, 118, 120, 125, + 147, 150, 152, 155 + Krasnoyarsk radar, views on, 173 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 4, 8, 14, 26, 30, + 49, 63, 120, 123, 158 + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 14, 19 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 3, 4, 120 + Senate Armed Services Committee, 17 + Senate Foreign Relations Committee, + 79 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 66 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), and, 120, 158, 173 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, + 14, 43 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 3, 123, + 133, 156, 160, 172 + Washington Summit (1987), role in, + 99, 100, 104 + + USIA. See + United States Information + Agency + U.S.-NATO relations, 17: + Arms control and disarmament and, 3, 108, + 151 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 23 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, + affected by, 7, 8, 34, 39, 55, + 63, 79, 121, 178, 180 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 3, 7, 8, 33, 39, 52, + 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180 + + U.S. Navy: + On-site inspections, role in, 122, 173 + Persian Gulf and, 72, 78, 82, 145, + 147 + Verification and verification + protocols, response to, 125, 134, 142, + 144, 146, 152, 158, 173 + + U.S. presidential election (1988): + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, + 117 + + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, 8, 63, 91, 166: + Basic sciences, 85, 97, 141, 154 + Broadcasting, 7, 112, 172, 178, + 180 + Civil aviation, 7, 105 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe + (1984–), included in, 134 + Consular offices, 1, 74, 85, 99, + 111, 112, 132, 141, 143, + 152, 153, 183 + Cyprus included in, 139, 146, + 151, 153, 183 + Drug industry, 154 + Economic affairs, 41, 42, 124, 160 + Environmental affairs, 183 + Fisheries aid, 121, 139, 143 + Information exchange, 38, 158 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), role in, 7, 24, 38, + 55 + Maritime boundaries, 100, 143, + 161, 176 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + 38 + Moscow Summit (1988), role in, 140, 142, + 143, 147, 153, 154, 161 + Nuclear energy safety, 1, 163 + People-to-people contacts, 66, 67, + 97, 121, 153, 158, 168, + 177, 178 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1, 6, 66 + U.S.-Soviet cultural exchanges, 33, 67, + 139, 142, 154, 157, 158 + Washington Summit (1987), role in, + 100 + + U.S.-Soviet Union relations: + Afghanistan and, 41, 157 + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 42, 88, 92, 151, 158, 165 + Bush administration (George H.W.) + (1989–1993), and, 178, 181, 183 + Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 33 + Economic cooperation, 124, 154, + 160, 175, 176 + Energy technology, 113 + Espionage, and, 38, 49 + “Four-part agenda” and, 1, 8, 34, 55, + 75, 92, 94, 95, 162, 177, 179, + 181 + Geneva Accords (1988), and, 140, 177, + 183 + Geneva Summit (1985) and, 21, 35, + 38, 39, 63, 84, 107, 138, 157, + 158, 162, 180, 183 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, + 18, 111, 124, 144, 149, + 153 + Human rights and, 6, 21, 66, 74, + 80, 90, 115, 121, 138, + 144, 153, 168, 177 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 45, 90 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 26, 44, + 59, 60, 63, 67, 72 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union + impact on, 121 + Middle East and, 42, 110, 111, 114, + 115, 131, 142, 145, 161, + 162 + Military balance related to, 97 + Military-to-military contacts, 115, 123, + 138, 151, 177 + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986) + impact on, 28, 31, 33, 38, 42, + 43, 45, 49 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 168, 177, + 181 + National Security Council and, 97, 125 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 7, 8, + 33, 39, 52, 55, 63, 79, 89, + 121, 178, 180 + Persian Gulf and, 84, 89, 162 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 4, 6, + 17, 25, 26, 30, 35, 42, 66, + 77, 84, 95, 97, 103, 117, 125, + 129, 135, 143, 147, 154, + 183 + Reagan, Ronald views on, 43, 147, + 155 + Regional issues and, 6, 8, 64, 67, 82, 94, + 114, 115, 123, 131, 137, + 139, 151, 153, 161, 165, + 181, 183 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, + 5, 6, + 18, 34, 38, 55, 64, 66, 84, + 99, 100, 157 + Sandinista National Liberation Front + impact on, 131, 139 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, and, 30 + Soviet private channel, 11, 57 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + and, 26, 30, 44, 55, 67, + 110, 125, 145, 175 + Space cooperation, 44, 85, 156, 157, + 161, 167, 173, 175, 177, + 178 + Tourism, 74 + United Kingdom and, 6, 8, 177 + United Nations General Assembly and, + 55, 90, 161 + United Nations and, 2, 80, 82, 84, + 183 + U.S. Congress and, 3, 123, 133, 156, + 160, 172 + U.S.-NATO relations and, 3, 7, 8, 33, 39, 52, + 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + and, 23, 34, 117, 125, 147, + 156, 172, 177, 181 + Visas, 112 + + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, 42, 66, 103, 124, 160, 176, 177: + Human rights impact on, 41, 154 + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), and, + 24, 97 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), 19, 31, + 113 + + + Vance, Cyrus, 19, + 38 + Vasev, Vladilen, 26, + 176 + Velikhov, Evgeny, 113 + Verification and verification protocols: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), + 4, 102, 105, 122, 132, + 134, 139, 142 + Chemical weapons, 7, 45, 63, 82, + 108, 134, 146, 158, 162, + 181 + Conventional weapons, 7, 40 + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 5, 39 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, + 83, 120, 133, 134, 136, + 141, 142, 153, 157, 161, + 173 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), included in, 1, + 6, 22, + 36, 42, 64, 74, 82, 89, 98, + 101, 108, 110, 117, 122, + 125, 133, 142, 143, 146, + 152, 158, 173 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Treaty (1987), included in, 4, 7, 36, 39, 42, + 43, 45, 48, 52, 68, 69, 70, + 74, 81, 83, 84, 88, 91, 100, + 105, 107, 134, 138, 158, + 162 + Joint Verification Experiment (1988), + 122, 132, 152, 153, 165, + 175 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), 7 + National Technical Means included in, + 81, 82, 83, 85, 98, 100, 101, + 107, 121, 122, 125, 133, + 134, 146, 173 + Nuclear testing, 1, 40, 42, 43, + 45, 70, 120, 141, 161, + 162 + On-site inspections included in, 36, 39, + 42, 64, 70, 79, 81, 82, 83, + 85, 88, 91, 98, 100, 101, 110, + 120, 122, 125, 133, 134, + 146, 149, 150, 152, 162, + 173 + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty + (1976), 40, 139, 141, 145, 147, + 150, 152, 153, 162, 165, + 175, 178 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), included in, + 1, 6, + 42, 68 + Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 39, 44, + 68, 74, 91, 98 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks + (1982–1991), included in, 110, + 118, 120, 125, 128, 131, + 132, 133, 134, 142, 144, + 146, 152, 173 + Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty + (1991), included in, 42, 68, 74, + 81, 82, 84, 89, 98, 107, 110, + 112, 120, 122, 133, 134, + 136, 138, 142, 152 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles, + 45, 89, 102, 110, 118, + 122, 125, 138, 139, 143, + 144, 146, 152, 162 + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974), 40, 139, + 141, 147, 150, 165, 175, + 178 + Treaty ratification result of, 43 + U.S. Navy response to, 125, 134, + 142, 144, 146, 152, 158, + 173 + Washington Summit (1987), included in, + 91, 97, 100, 112 + Weapons and weapons systems, 74 + Working Groups (U.S.) contribution to, + 81 + + Verity, C. William, 124, 125, 142: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 154 + + Vershbow, Alexander, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183 + Vessey, John W., Jr., 9 + Vietnam, 44, 82, 97, 103, 114, 157, 160 (see also + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict): + Cambodia, conflict with, 111, 115, + 139, 153, 162 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 162, 175 + + Vietnam-Cambodia conflict: + Association of Southeast Asian Nations + mediator of, 82, 111, 139 + China and, 139, 178, 179 + Soviet Union mediator of, 82, 115, + 157 + United Nations mediator of, 175 + + Visas, 107, 178: + Trade unions, 7, 80, 133, 144 + Visa clearance, 7, 147, 178 + + Voice of America, 7, + 24, 74, 133 + Vorontsov, Yuli, 51, + 124: + Adelman, Kenneth, meeting with, 17 + Armacost, Michael “Mike” counterpart + to, 8, 26, + 44, 82, 91, 123 + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 11, 15, 16, 85, 123 + Kampelman-Vorontsov channel, 16, 17, + 57, 98, 101 + Regional issues, and, 91, 121, + 123, 183 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 85, 121, 123, + 126 + Soviet Nuclear and Space Talks + delegation, appointed to, 11, 12, 13, + 15, 16 + Strategic Defense Initiative, response + to, 16 + + Votkinsk Machine Building Plant, 101, 151 + + Walters, Vernon “Dick,” 44, 56, 58: + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 78 + + Warner, John, 40, + 63 + Warsaw Treaty Organization, 39, 89, 108: + Arms control and disarmament, and, + 7, 123, 134, 138, 150, + 158 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + and, 40, 146 + + Washington Post, 128, 149, 156 + Washington Summit (1987), 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + non-withdrawal included in, 89, + 90, 100, 110, 112, 122, + 173 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + violation, 89, 100, 138 + Arms control and disarmament, 108, 122 + Central Intelligence Agency role in, + 104 + Chemical weapons and, 89, 108 + Conventional weapons and, 100, 108, + 123 + Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, + 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, + 115 + Hopkins, William interpreter for, 112 + Human rights, 21, 90, 92, 100, + 107, 111 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Talks (1982–1987), result of, 46, + 75, 87 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces + Treaty (1987) and, 46, 48, 55, + 89, 90, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, + 110, 121, 122, 139 + Moscow Summit (1988), and, 89 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) + and, 112, 153 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 51, 55, 66, 97, 134, 143 + Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, 107, 108, + 109, 110, 114, 115 + Reagan, Ronald participant in, 107, 108, + 109, 110, 114, 115 + Regional issues and, 55, 89, + 90, 92, 100, 111, 114, + 115 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, + 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, + 111, 112, 114, 115 + Shultz, George participant in, 105, 106, + 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, + 114, 115 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials and, + 51, 66, 134, 143 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan + included in, 92, 110, 111, + 115 + Strategic Defense Initiative, 89, 90, + 92, 134 + Summit planning, 55, 66, 74, 75, + 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, + 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105 + U.S. Congress role in, 99, 100, + 104 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + impact on, 23, 125 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues + role in, 100 + Verification and verification + protocols included in, 91, 97, 100, + 112 + Washington Summit Joint Statement + (1987), 115, 134, 136, 138, 139, + 142, 144, 146, 152, 153 + Working Groups (Soviet) participant + in, 105, 107, 111 + Working Groups (U.S.) participant in, + 105, 107, 111 + + Weapons and weapons systems: + Air-launched cruise missiles, 122, 131, + 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, + 142, 143, 152, 153, 161, + 173, 176, 177 + Anti-satellite systems, 1, 45, 108, 110 + Ballistic missiles, 1, 3, 6, 39, 42, 68, + 69, 74, 80, 84, 89, 98, 102, + 107, 110, 146, 150, 173 + Forward-based systems, 42 + Ground-launched ballistic missiles, + 83, 100 + Ground-launched cruise missiles, 1, 81, 82, 83, + 91, 98, 100 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, + 14, 17, 42, 68, 69, 81, 83, + 89, 96, 98, 122, 125, 131, 133, + 134, 136, 141, 146, 152, + 161, 173, 176 + Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 1, 39, 42, 44, 45, + 51, 54, 55, 57, 67, 68, 69, + 74, 80, 81 + Midgetman intercontinental ballistic + missile, 79, 84 + Modernization, 39, 42, 55, 67, + 70, 88, 103, 125, 143, + 167, 173, 181 + Multiple independently targeted + re-entry vehicles, 6, 39, 81, + 84, 146 + MX missile, 39, 84, 101, 146 + Pershing II missile, 36, 39, + 42, 68, 100, 101, 134, + 151 + Sea-launched cruise missiles, 68, 82, + 88, 112, 120, 152, 162, + 181 + Short-range attack missile, 39 + Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces, 1, 8, 24, 36, 39, 40, 43, + 44, 45, 51, 57, 64, 69, 71, + 80, 81 + SS–18 ICBM, 14, 146, 173 + SS–20 ICBM, 85, 91, 97, 98, + 100, 101, 104, 105, 151, + 152 + SS–25 ICBM, 85, 91, 98, 100, + 101, 104, 105 + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle, + 74, 143 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile, + 1, 39, + 42, 69, 74, 79, 81, 84, 89, + 96, 102, 107, 125, 133, + 134, 136, 143, 146, 151, + 162, 173 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles, + 82, 89, 98, 110, 122, 125, 133, + 134, 139, 146, 152, 161, + 162, 173, 181 + Throw-weight, 8, 39, 74, 79, + 81, 84, 102, 107, 133 + Verification and verification + protocols, 74 + + Webster, William, 93, 103, 104, 154: + Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), + views on, 61, 62 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 31, 61, 79, + 116, 120, 143, 154, 166 + + Weinberger, Caspar, 9, 11, 23, + 31, 52, 158: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty + violation, views on, 67 + Middle East, and, 78 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, + 61, 79 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 19 + Sokolov, Sergei, meeting with, 45 + U.S. national security concerns, + response to, 61 + Yazov, Dmitry, counterpart to, 67, 80 + + Weizsaecker, Richard Von, 57 + West Bank, 125, + 137, 145, + 175 + West Germany, 11, + 44, 57, 133, 138, 145, 178: + German P1 issue, and, 8, 63, 64, 65, + 68, 69, 81, 98, 150, 151 + Soviet Union, relations with, 41, 69, + 71, 74, 80, 151 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 71, 74, 84, 122, 150 + + Whitehead, John, 11, + 89, 121: + Adamishin, Anatoly, counterpart to, + 100 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 130 + National Security Planning Group + meeting, participant in, 61, 116, 166 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, + 130, 132 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 72 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 124 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 111 + + Wick, Charles, 7: + Cultural exchange, supporter of, 131, 157 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, + 84 + U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, + 55, 74, 80 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 115 + Yakovlev, Aleksander, counterpart to, + 38, 80, 100, 115, 154 + + Wilson, James, 61 + Wood, Mary. See + Good, Mary + Woodson, Helen, 144 + Working Groups (Soviet), 44, 66, 69, 74, 80, 85, 98, 121, 126, 132, 138, 139, 144, 152, 170, 171, 176: + Arms control working group (Soviet), + 66, 69, 74, 83, 110, 121, 136, + 138, 149, 161, 170, 171 + Bilateral issues working group + (Soviet), 7, 80, 121, 136, 139, + 161, 170, 171, 176 + Chemical weapons working group + (Soviet), 70, 121, 134, 139, 150, + 152, 161 + Conventional weapons working group + (Soviet), 7, 121, 125, 139, 152, + 161, 175, 176 + Human rights working group (Soviet), + 6, 111, 121, 125, 133, + 136, 138, 161, 170, 171 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 161 + Nuclear testing working group + (Soviet), 70, 74, 139, 152, 161, + 175, 176 + Regional issues working group + (Soviet), 1, 121, 138, 161, 170, + 171, 175, 176 + Soviet INF working group, 44, 80, + 84 + START and Defense and Space working + group (Soviet), 69, 144, 149, + 150, 152, 173, 176 + Verification and verification + protocols, contribution to, 81 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 107, 111 + + Working Groups (U.S.), 24, 44, 66, 69, 74, 80, 85, 98, 121, 126, 132, 138, 139, 144, 152, 170, 171, 176: + Arms control working group (U.S.), + 66, 69, 74, 83, 110, 121, 136, + 138, 149, 161, 170, 171 + Bilateral issues working group (U.S.), + 7, 80, + 121, 136, 139, 161, 170, + 171, 176 + Chemical weapons working group (U.S.), + 70, 121, 134, 139, 150, + 152, 161 + Conventional weapons working group + (U.S.), 7, 121, 125, 139, 152, + 161, 175, 176 + Human rights working group (U.S.), + 6, 111, 121, 125, 133, + 136, 138, 161, 170, 171 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 157, 161 + Nuclear testing working group (U.S.), + 70, 74, 139, 152, 161, + 175, 176 + Regional issues working group (U.S.), + 1, 121, 138, 161, 170, + 171, 175, 176 + START and Defense and Space working + group (U.S.), 69, 144, 149, + 150, 152, 173, 176 + U.S. INF working group, 44, 80, + 84 + Verification and verification + protocols, contribution to, 81 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 105, 107, 111 + + World War II (1939–1945), 42, 72, 104, 115, 156, 162, 177 + Wright, James “Jim,” 25 + Wright, Joseph, 120, 166 + Wriston, Walter, 99 + + Yakovlev, Aleksander, 99: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + participant in, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Politburo, member of, 110, 114, + 115, 117, 154, 158, 162 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + participant in, 179 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115 + Wick, Charles counterpart to, 38, 80, + 100, 115, 154 + + Yazov, Dmitry, 99: + Carlucci, Frank counterpart to, 108, 133, + 136, 138, 139, 149, 151, + 177 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 158, 162 + Weinberger, Caspar counterpart to, + 67, 80 + + Yeltsin, Boris, 104, 117, 147 + + Zagladin, Vadim, 51 + Zarechnak, Dimitri, 182: + Governor’s Island meeting (1988), + interpreter for, 180, 181 + Moscow Summit (1988), interpreter for, + 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, + 162, 163 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, + interpreter for, 6, 7, 38, 39, 42, + 46, 67, 69, 74, 75, 76, 82, + 84, 89, 90, 91, 99, 100, 101, + 121, 122, 123, 125, 132, + 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, + 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, + 151, 170, 171, 173, 176 + Washington Summit (1987), interpreter + for, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, + 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 + + Zero option, 54, + 134 + Zia, Muhammad, 119, + 123: + Pakistan, and, 147, 163 + + Zimmermann, Warren, 80, 151: + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, ambassador to, 108, 111, 133, 134, + 157, 172 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 161 + Washington Summit (1987), participant + in, 111 + + Zolotov, Evgeny, 118, 175 + + + +
diff --git a/volumes/frus1981-88v41.xml b/volumes/frus1981-88v41.xml index 307e053c8..bfc10080f 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1981-88v41.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1981-88v41.xml @@ -68806,5 +68806,10448 @@
+ +
+ Index +

References are to document numbers.

+ + + ABA. See + American Bar Association + Abe, Shintaro, 187, + 303 + Abortion, 24, 36, 265, 274: + China and, 294, 297, 299 + Department of State views on, 284, 298 + Foreign aid, impact on, 263, 270, + 273, 282, 283, 290, 291 + Helms Amendment (1973) and, 263, 268 + Kemp-Kasten Amendment (1985) and, 297, 298 + National Security Council views on, + 286 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + views on, 267, 278, 283, 284, 285, + 286, 290, 294 + United Nations Fund for Population + Activities and, 268, 273, 276, + 277, 286, 290, 293, 294, + 297, 298, 299 + + Abramowitz, Morton, 9, 78, 88, + 93, 99, 103, 108, 111: + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions + (1973–1989), and, 59 + + Abrams, Elliott, 42, + 58, 72, 90, 119, 121: + Human rights, and, 53, 56, 60, 66, + 67 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + ambassador to, 61, 62, 64, + 65, 71 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 75 + + ACLU. See + American Civil Liberties + Union + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), + 259: + Agency for International Development + response to, 10, 22, 24, 25 + Armed forces, related to, 19, 21, + 25, 30, 32, 34, 36 + Biomedical research, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 23, 24, 25, + 34, 35 + Blood transfusion, associated with, + 2, 3, + 7, 8, + 18, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37 + Centers for Disease Control response + to, 1, 4, + 5, 6, + 10, 11, 13, 31 + Central Africa, impact on, 7, 18, 25 + Central Intelligence Agency and, 15, 29 + Congo (Kinshasa) and, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13 + Cuba, and, 34 + Department of Defense response to, + 27, 28, 32 + Department of Health and Human + Services response to, 11, 12, 14, + 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, + 31 + Department of State response to, 1, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, + 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, + 27, 31, 34 + Disinformation, associated with, 9, 19, 21, 23, + 25, 30, 33, 34 + Drug use, associated with, 2, 3, 7, 8, 18, 24, + 25, 27, 32, 35, 36 + Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, + 7, 8, + 14, 16, 17, 27 + Epidemiology, 7, 10, 11, 12, + 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 28, 29, + 35, 36 + Family planning, and, 25 + Foreign Service national personnel, + and, 7, 8, + 11, 20, 27 + Haiti and, 2, + 3, 4, + 6, 7, + 35 + Health education, 7, 8, 12, 18, 22, 24, + 25, 27, 32, 33, 37 + Homosexuality, associated with, 1, 3, 7, 8, 18, 24, + 25, 32, 35 + Human Immunodeficiency Virus, 24, 25, + 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, + 37 + Least Developed Countries, impact on, + 24, 37 + Mortality rate, and, 25, 34 + National Institutes of Health response + to, 1, 3, + 5, 6, + 8, 24 + Prostitution, and, 7, 8, 12, 24, 25, 32, + 35, 36 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) + response to, 1, 3, 4, 7, 24, 27, 29, + 31, 37 + Reagan, Ronald response to, 28, 31 + Refugee resettlement, impact on, 31 + Retrovir treatment, 27 + Soviet military, in, 34 + Uganda and, 10, 25, 35 + U.S. foreign policy, role in, 12, 13, + 15, 18, 26, 30, 31, 37 + Vaccine, and, 24, 34, 37 + Visa clearance, related to, 14, 16, + 17, 26, 27, 31 + Western Blot test, 14, 16, 17, 27 + World Health Organization response to, + 11, 17, 22, 24, 25, 34, 35, + 37 + + Adamishin, Anatoly, 30, 100, 107, 111 + Adams, John, 14 + Adelman, Kenneth, 93, 165, 166, 186, 187, 190 + Afghanistan, 35, + 59, 69, 77, 84, 105, 258: + Human rights violations, 58, 82 + Self determination, 47, 57 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 39, 46, 54, 58, 95 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, + 106 + + Africa, 12, 24, 35, 44, 46, 57, 84, 261, 284 (see also + African famine relief): + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + and, 7, 11, + 18, 19, 30 + Economic recession, 251, 254, + 256, 259 + Family planning, 259 + Humanitarian assistance, 22, 25, + 34, 203, 211, 212, 213, + 215, 218, 219, 223, 224, + 225, 226, 227, 241, 251, + 254, 255, 256, 259 + Population increase, 259, 273, + 287 + + African Development Bank, 259 + African Economic Policy Initiative, 244, 251: + U.S. Congress and, 236 + + African famine relief: + Agricultural development, 209, 210, + 251, 254, 256 + Cross-border relief efforts, 204, 229, + 230, 232, 239, 241, 243, + 250, 253 + Department of State and, 228, 235, + 252 + Drought, and, 203, 219, 226, 235, + 241, 245, 252 + Economic reform, 236, 238, 244, 245, + 246, 251, 254, 256, 258, + 259 + European Community, 233, 256 + Food aid, 208, 213, 214, 215, + 217, 218, 219, 222, 226, + 227, 233, 236, 238, 243, + 246, 255, 256, 258, 259 + Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, + 256, 258, 259 + International donors role in, 241, 244, + 246, 250, 254 + Private voluntary organizations, 229, 230, + 232, 243, 253, 255, 257, + 258 + Public Law 480 (1954), 220, 221, + 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, + 244, 246, 255 + United Nations and, 226, 230, + 232, 239, 241, 254, 255 + United States and, 207, 215, 216, 217, + 227, 232, 234, 236, 238, + 241, 242, 245, 246, 251, + 252, 254, 256, 259 + U.S. Congress and, 210, 218, 221, 228, + 234, 249, 256 + World Bank role in, 236, 244, + 251, 255, 256, 259 + + Agency for International Development (USAID), + 6, 12, 13, 204, 223, 226, 237, 253, 288, 289, 300: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 10, 22, 24, 25 + Budgets, 262, 263, 271 + Food for Peace and Voluntary + Assistance Bureau, 203, 207, 208, + 224 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 240, + 244, 246 + Foreign aid, 205, 228, 239, 243, + 250, 293, 297, 299, 300 + Hunger relief, 209, 210, 212, 216, + 218, 221, 258, 259 + International population policy, and, + 261, 262, 264, 270, 271, + 273, 274, 275, 278, 282, + 283, 293, 294, 297, 298, + 299 + Operations research, 24 + Paper prepared in, 220, 257, 273, 295 + Population programs, and, 262, 263, + 265, 267, 268, 270, 271, + 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, + 278, 282, 293, 294, 296, + 297, 298, 299 + RAPID project, and, 261 + United Nations Fund for Population + Activities and, 261, 262, 296, + 300 + + Agricultural development: + African famine relief, 209, 210, + 251, 254, 256 + Developing countries and, 233, 236, + 238, 244, 246, 252, 254, + 255, 256, 259 + Economic reform, 236, 238, 244, 245, + 246, 251, 254, 256, 258, + 259, 287 + Food aid, 213, 214, 215, 218, + 219, 226, 233, 236, 238, + 243, 246, 250, 251, 254, + 255, 256, 258, 259 + “Food for Progress” Program, 233, 236, + 238, 244 + + Aguilar, Andrés, 82, + 123 + AIDS. See + Acquired Immune Deficiency + Syndrome + Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), + 330 + Alaska, 313 + Albania, 35, 45 + Aldrich, George, 114, 115, 117, 119 + Algeria, 35, 47, 57, 287, 352 + Alkhimov, Vladimir, 311 + Allen, Richard V., 128, 264 + Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy, 355, 359 + American Bar Association (ABA), 67, 72 + American Cetacean Society, 310: + American Cetacean Society, et al. v. + Malcolm Baldrige (1985), 310 + Japan Whaling Association v. American + Cetacean Society (1986), 337 + + American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 44 + American Law Institute, 160, 162, 195 + American Psychiatric Association, 65, 77, 107, 111 + Amnesty International, 52, 65 + Amstutz, Daniel, 211, 240, 244 + Anderson, Gerald, 162, 164, 306, 310 + Anderson, L. Dasaix, 294 + Anderson, Martin, 134, 135, 137, 138 + Andropov, Yuri, 64 + Angola, 35, 84, 205 + Animal conservation, 303, 307, 326, 334: + International Convention for the + Regulation of Whaling (1946) and, 310, 316, 333, 348 + International Whaling Commission and, + 302, 304, 306, 308, 312, + 315, 318, 319, 320, 323, + 332, 337, 343, 344, 345 + + Antarctica, 363, + 368 + Antigua and Barbuda, 35 + Antisemitism, 60, + 61, 64, 70 + Apartheid, 47, 57, 69, 84, 85 + Arab League, 352 + Arbatov, Georgii, 78 + Archipelagic claims, 161, 162, 191: + Transit passage, and, 114, 120, + 122, 133, 192, 200 + + Argentina, 35, 54, 66, 84, 90, 105, 111, 188, 189, 287, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Kennedy-Humphrey Amendment (1977) + impact on, 53 + Political disappearances, associated + with, 41, 42, 47, 48, 57 + United States, relations with, 39, 48, + 50, 91 + + Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 23, 83, 99, 107, 230, 243, 289, 292, 295, 297, 338, 340: + Shultz, George, correspondence with, + 222, 298 + + Armenia, 52, 58, 79, 83, 103, 110 + Arms control and disarmament, 177, 178, 287, 289, 290, 292 + Armstrong, Anne, 155 + Arnaudo, Raymond, 310, 311, 340 + ASEAN. See + Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + Associated Press, 289 + Association of Southeast Asian Nations + (ASEAN), 49, 127, + 187 + Atherton, Alfred “Roy,” Jr., 275 + Atmosphere, 354, + 370: + Acid rain, 351 + Chlorofluorocarbons impact on, 349, 352, + 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, + 360 + Ozone depletion, 352, 355, 368 + + Australia, 35, 47, 57, 84, 90, 123, 145, 147, 162, 165, 239, 243, 346, 352, 356, 358, 362 + Austria, 35, 61, 63, 82, 87, 90, 145, 147, 352, 356, 358, 362: + United States, relations with, 65, 110 + + Avery, Dennis, 245 + AWACS. See + Airborne Warning and Control + System + AZT. See + Retrovir treatment + + Baas, Marc, 187 + Bache, D. Michael, 45 + Bahamas, The, 35 + Bahrain, 35 + Bailey, Eugene, 19, + 21 + Bailey, Martin, 360 + Baker, Howard, 28, + 92, 370, 371 + Baker, James, 155, + 158, 226, + 254, 256, + 280, 372: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 370 + International population policy, and, + 282, 283, 285 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138 + + Baker Plan (1985), 251, 256: + Debt relief, 258, 259 + + Bakshian, Aram, 139 + Baldrige, Malcolm, 158, 210, 217, 254, 305, 309, 321, 360, 372: + American Cetacean Society, et al. v. + Malcolm Baldrige (1985), 310 + Memorandum prepared by, 213 + Murazumi, Yasushi, correspondence + with, 308 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + and, 302, 307, 311, 333, 345 + Pelly Amendment (1978), and, 307, 311, + 318, 319, 323, 330, 333, + 337, 345 + Shultz, George, correspondence with, + 306, 312, 320, 332 + Weinberger, Caspar, correspondence + with, 331 + + Ball, William, III, 297 + Baltimore Sun, 4 + Bandow, Doug, 130, + 134, 138, + 146 + Bangladesh, 35, 90, 95, 273 + Barbados, 35 + Barbero, Vick, 13 + Barnes, Michael, 45 + Barnett, Dick, 359 + Barrows, Walter, 258 + Barr, William, 172 + Barth, Bjorn, 321 + Bart, Kenneth, 11, + 12, 13 + Bauer, Gary, 26, + 28, 360, 363, 369, 370 + Bavaria, 35 + BBC. See + British Broadcasting + Corporation + Becton, Julius, 223, 235 + Beesley, John Alan, 161 + Begun, Yosef, 68 + Bekele Tibebu, 231 + Bela, Kapita, 6 + Belgium, 35, 61, 73, 74, 77, 90, 133, 141, 145, 152, 153, 161, 180, 189, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Biomedical research, location of, 4, 5, 6 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 142, 143, 159, + 169, 197, 198, 199 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 157, 188, 190, 191 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 127, 162, 166, 171, 179, + 186 + + Belize, 35 + Bemis, Robert, 97 + Benedick, Richard, 16, 25, 263, 271, 273, 275, 276, 284, 288, 349, 364, 366, 368: + AIDS Working Group meeting, + participant in, 11 + Conference of Plenipotentiaries for + Protection of the Ozone Layer, representative to, 352, 356, + 357, 358, 362 + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 363, 369 + International population policy, views + on, 266, 268, 281, 289 + Memorandum prepared by, 359, 367 + Paper prepared by, 261 + Pope John Paul II, meeting with, 272 + United Nations Population Commission, + representative to, 260, 262 + + Benelux, 162 + Bengzon, Alfredo, 32, 36 + Benin, 35 + Bennett, William, “Bill,” 10, 28, 372: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 26 + + Bent, Rodney, 258 + Bermuda, 35 + Bernhardt, John Peter, 188 + Bernstein, Robert, 48, 160 + Bernthal, Frederick, 300 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 94, 100, 124 + Bhutan, 35 + Bigger, Robert, 10 + Billo, Charles, 238 + Biomedical research, 9, 275: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + 3, 4, + 5, 6, + 18, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35 + Belgium location of, 4, 5, 6 + Fertility regulation, role in, 261, 266, + 284, 286 + Foreign aid, and, 273 + Uganda and, 10 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 23, 33 + + Birth rate, 278, + 284, 287: + Development aid impact on, 273, 282, + 286 + Foreign aid related to, 262, 267 + + Blair, Dennis, 135, + 141 + Bledsoe, Ralph, 369, 370, 371, 375 + Bloch, Julia, 207, + 208 + Block, John, 210, + 211, 217 + Blood transfusion, 2, + 3, 7, 8, 18, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37 + Blumberg, Robert, 157, 310, 311, 323 + Boggs, Danny, 274, + 349 + Bogosian, Richard, 229 + Bohn, John, 254 + Bolivia, 35, 39, 41, 47, 57, 189, 273 + Bollinger, Walter, 258 + Bonker, Don, 43, + 45 + Bonner, Elena, 61, + 71 + Bookbinder, Hyman, 45 + Bosworth, Stephen, 205 + Botswana, 35, 205, 256 + Bova, Michele, 72 + Bowen, Otis, 26, + 31, 369, 370, 372 + Boyer, Neil, 11, + 12, 13, 22 + Bradford, William, 45 + Brady, Nyle, 265 + Braithwaite, Rodric, 167 + Brandt, Willy, 230 + Brazeal, Aurelia, 306 + Brazil, 35, 47, 57, 84, 90, 91, 127, 130, 144, 256, 266, 273, 280, 287, 352, 356, 373: + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 45, 50 + + Breaux, John, 160, + 195 + Brement, Marshall, 313 + Bremer, L. Paul, III (Jerry), 53, 121, 137, 141, 144, 150, 182, 194, 196, 267: + Memorandum prepared by, 118, 162, + 164, 183, 188 + United Nations Conference on Law of + the Sea, views on, 127, 167 + + Brexler, Robert, 12 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 87, 88, 93, + 99, 101 + British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 81, 102, 160 + Brock, William, 138, 177, 210, 217 + Bronfman, Edgar, 68, + 79, 103 + Brooke Amendment, 243, 258 + Broomfield, William., 40 + Brown, Clarence “Bud,” Jr., 31, 294, 318, 331, 369 + Brown, Leslie, 127 + Brown, Marvin, 12 + Brown, William A., 276 + Brunei, 35 + Brunner, Eduardo, 71 + Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 263, 270, 273 + Buckley, James, 48, + 56, 119, 143, 152, 156, 267, 274, 349: + International Population Conference + (1984), representative to, 280, + 282, 283, 288, 290, 292 + International population policy, views + on, 261, 263, 264, 268, 269, + 289, 292 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 127 + Senior Interagency Group meeting, + chair of, 132, 150, 163 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 142, 157, + 170, 171, 174, 175 + + Bucsko, Phyllis, 14 + Buerk, Michael, 229 + Bukharin, Nikolai, 93 + Bulgaria, 35, 57, 58, 91, 352 + Bureau of International Whaling Statistics, + 311 + Burke, W. Scott, 67 + Burkina Faso, 35, + 245 + Burma, 35, 273 + Burns, Arnold, 26, + 28, 89, 98, 104, 337, 370 + Burt, Richard “Rick,” 56, 60, 65, 198 + Burundi, 25, 35, 273 + Bush, George H.W., 28, 73, 210, 217, 226, 228, 241, 251, 254, 270, 344, 372: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 370 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Sub-Saharan Africa, visit to, 227, 237 + + Bushnell, John, 42, + 53 + Butcher, Suzanne, 353, 359, 360, 364, 367 + Byrnes, John, 305, + 306, 307, + 314 + + Cabo Verde, 35, 123, 203, 237, 245 + Caldwell, Ray, 55 + Calingaert, Michael, 161, 169 + Calio, Anthony, J. “Tony,” 329, 337, 339, 363: + Ásgrímsson, Halldór, meeting with, + 322, 324, 326, 328, 333 + Memorandum prepared by, 327 + Pelly Amendment (1978), and, 319, 325 + + Cambodia, 35, 39, 46, 47, 54, 57, 59, 69, 84: + Refugee resettlement, and, 17 + + Cameroon, 35, 273 + Camp David Accords (1978), 47, 57 + Canada, 35, 63, 65, 74, 123, 127, 169, 189, 204, 299, 333, 351, 352, 356, 358, 362, 373: + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 145, 147, + 162, 165, 188, 191 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 47, 57 + + Carey, John, 52 + Caribbean, 24, 273, 282, 287 + Carliner, David, 44, + 52 + Carlucci, Frank, 126, 212, 275, 331, 337: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 330, 332, + 334 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 131, 165 + Shultz, George, correspondence with, + 201 + + Carpenter, Margaret, 45 + Carswell, H. Wilson, 10 + Carter administration (1977–1981), 45, 48, 66, 117: + Human rights, and, 38, 42, 52, 58 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), and, 80 + + Carter, Jimmy, 67, + 72, 264 + Casaroli, Agostino, 62, 63, 73, 74, 272 + Casey, William, 158, 210, 217, 254, 270: + African famine relief, and, 233 + International population policy, and, + 266 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + + Castro, Fidel, 34, + 35, 94, 105 + Catch quota, 305: + International Whaling Commission and, + 311, 317, 336 + Minke whales, 307, 308, 311, 317, + 318, 321, 322, 326, 340, + 345 + Sperm whales, 302, 306, 308 + + Catholic Church, 263: + Population programs, views on, 261, 266, + 272 + + Catholic Relief Services, 224: + Ethiopia, 206, 239, 250, 253 + + Cayman Islands, 35 + Centers for Disease Control, 2, 8, 12, 19, 22: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, + 31 + + Central Africa, 35: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome + impact on, 7, 18, 25 + + Central African Republic, 35 + Central America, 35, + 42, 47, 63, 271, 273, 282, 284, 287 + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 19, 33, 165, 176, 210, 243, 275, 278, 336: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + and, 15, 29 + African famine relief, and, 214, 236, + 258 + Oceans policy, and, 132, 164, + 195 + Paper prepared in, 35, 154, 287 + Population increase, views on, 266, 267, + 271, 273, 282 + + Chad, 35, 203, 225, 226, 227, 229, 245 + Chapman, William., 302, 326, 358 + Chashma Nuclear Power Complex, 177 + Chazov, Yevgeny, 102, 111 + Chebrikov, Viktor, 101 + Cheek, James, 250 + Chemical industry, 371, 372: + Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy, + 355, 359 + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, views on, 359, 364, 368, + 370 + European Chemical Industry and Aerosol + Associations, 356 + European Chemical Industry Council, + 352 + + Chemical weapons (CW), 45, 54 + Chernenko, Konstantin, 230, 232 + Chetverikov, Sergei, 107 + Cheysson, Claude, 135, 142, 143 + Chile, 35, 41, 48, 50, 69, 105, 188, 352: + Human rights violations, 39, 47, + 57, 82, 84 + Kennedy Amendment (1974) impact on, + 53 + + China, 35, 57, 66, 127, 145, 187, 263, 273, 352, 356, 358, 361, 373: + Abortion, and, 294, 297, 299 + Family planning, 287, 293, 294, 297, + 298, 299 + Population programs, and, 276, 277, + 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, + 299, 300 + United States, relations with, 261, 298 + + Chlorofluorocarbons: + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, 357, 358, 360, + 361, 362, 363, 364, 367, + 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, + 373, 374, 375 + Ozone depletion, 349, 352, 354, 355, + 356, 357, 358 + Production freeze, 356, 357, 358, 361, + 362, 363, 364, 367, 368, + 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, + 375, 376 + Regulation, 350, 351, 352, 353, + 355, 357, 359, 362, 363, + 367, 368, 373 + + Christenson, Richard, 322 + CIA. See + Central Intelligence Agency + Cicconi, James, 285 + Circular 175 (1982), 364, 367, 368, 371: + Ozone layer protection policy, 350, 355, + 360 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + 350, 351, 355 + + Civil war: + Ethiopia, 204, 229, 230, 231, + 232, 233, 241, 242, 243, + 259 + Refugees, impact on, 204, 212, + 220 + Sub-Saharan Africa, 256 + + Clark Air Base, 32 + Clark, William “Bill,” 29, 58, 66, 124, 126, 144, 174, 196, 205, 268: + Human rights, and, 44, 51, 52, 53, + 54, 61 + International population policy, and, + 269, 274 + Memorandum prepared by, 264, 270 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 119, 146, + 167, 175, 176, 180, 181 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 139, 155, 159, 178, 193 + + Claxton, Phil, 289 + Clean Air Act (1963): + Environmental Protection Agency, and, + 350, 355, 360, 363 + Pollution control, 364, 367, 369, 371 + + Clean Water Act (1977), 194, 195 + Clear, Taylor, 29 + Climate change, 368 + Clingan, Tom, 161, + 189, 191 + Clyatt, Oscar, Jr., 49 + Coastal states, 127, 188: + Continental shelf, and, 123, 126, + 133 + Developing countries, 117, 123 + Freedom of navigation related to, 117, 162, + 194 + Maritime claims associated with, 114, 122, + 125, 162, 194, 195, 196, + 200 + + Cobb, Tyrus “Ty,” 337, 347 + Coe, Robert, 350 + Coffey, Marguerite, 14 + Coffey, Steven, 31 + Cohen, Herman “Hank,” 161, 282 + Cohen, William, 117 + Colombia, 35, 84, 90, 91, 105, 273, 282, 362, 373 + Colson, David, 31, + 160, 161, + 319, 328, + 332 + Colson, Janet, 138 + Commercial whaling moratorium: + Iceland response to, 304, 314, + 317, 322, 329, 330, 333, + 335, 346, 347 + International Whaling Commission and, + 301, 303, 309, 310, 321, + 322, 325, 326, 327, 330, + 335, 339, 341, 346, 347 + Japan response to, 304, 306, 307, 309, + 310, 315, 316, 330, 343, + 344 + Norway response to, 304, 314, + 317, 318, 319, 320, 323, + 334 + Scientific whaling, impact on, 314, 316, + 322, 326, 330, 346 + Soviet Union response to, 311, 312, + 325, 327, 334, 341, 345 + United States and, 309, 311, 315, 318, + 319, 322, 325, 347, 348 + U.S.-Japan relations, impact on, 302, 303, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 309, + 310, 314, 316, 325, 340, + 343, 344 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 341 + + Commercial whaling policy: + Department of Commerce role in, 302, 305, + 308, 311, 312, 315, 316, + 319, 320, 321, 323, 325, + 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, + 334, 337, 345 + Department of State views on, 302, 313, + 314, 319, 323, 329, 337 + National Oceanic and Atmospheric + Administration views on, 315, 326, 327, + 332, 333, 347 + National Security Council views on, + 330, 334, 347 + National security interests, 330, 331, + 334, 337 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + 302, 304, 306, 309, 310, + 315, 333, 334, 337, 340, + 344 + Pelly Amendment (1978), 304, 306, + 310, 314, 315, 317, 318, + 319, 321, 323, 333, 334, + 336, 337, 344 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + 301, 303, 307, 317, 318, + 320, 321, 324, 326, 331, + 334, 338, 339, 340 + Reagan, Ronald views on, 303, 306, + 308, 311, 312, 323 + Shultz, George and, 310, 317, + 319, 322, 323, 339, 343, + 345, 346 + U.S. Congress and, 302, 304, 306, 315, + 318, 323, 329, 333 + + Commission on Security and Cooperation in + Europe (CSCE), 48, 49 + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union + (KGB, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), + 60, 64, 88, 93, 97, 101 + Commodity Credit Corporation, 238, 240, 244 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, + Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo + Soyuza), 33, 78, 88, 103, 111 + Comoros, 35 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), + 49, 55 + Conference on Security and Co-operation in + Europe, 52, 53, + 54, 58, 83: + Human rights included in, 42, 49, + 63, 71, 77 + Madrid CSCE Review Conference, 55, 60, + 64, 106 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), precursor to, 87, 97, 99, + 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, + 112, 113 + + Congo (Brazzaville), 6, 35 + Congo (Kinshasa), 6, + 25, 29, 35 35, 66, 84, 127, 205, 256, 260, 266, 273: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + and, 4, 5, + 6, 12, + 13 + + Connally Reservation (1946), 162 + Connuck, Bruce, 345 + Constable, Peter, 4, + 5, 6 + Contiguous zone, 201, 202 + Continental shelf, 162, 170, 175, 196: + Coastal states and, 123, 126, + 133 + Geneva Conventions on the Law of the + Sea (1958), 117, 186, 195 + Minerals and metals, access to, 122, 176, + 194, 195 + + Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, + Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984), 76, 77, 89, 98, 104 + Convention on the Prevention and Punishment + of the Crime of Genocide (1948), 53, 67, 72, 82 + Cook Islands, 191 + Cooper, James F., 328, 332, 346 + Copper, 154 + Cormack, Thomas, 162, 164, 214, 273 + Costa Rica, 35, 39, 57, 84, 90, 91, 282 + Côte d‘Ivoire, 35 + Council of Economic Advisers, 138, 165, 176, 218, 236, 244, 367 + Council of Europe, 73, 356 + Council on Environmental Quality, 278, 303, 343, 344, 346, 355, 371 + Courtney, William, 77 + CPSU. See + Communist Party of the Soviet + Union + Cramer, Shannon, Jr., 114 + Cribb, Kenneth “Ken,” 26, 28, 135, 363, 369, 370 + Crocker, Chester “Chet,” 25, 30, 206: + African famine relief, and, 222, 229, + 237 + Memorandum prepared by, 238, 241, + 243, 252 + + Cross-border relief efforts: + Eritrea recipient of, 229, 233, + 239, 243, 257 + Ethiopia-Sudan border, 230, 232, + 243, 250, 253 + Mengistu Haile Mariam and, 230, 239, + 250 + Private voluntary organizations, 229, 239, + 241 + Provisional Military Government of + Socialist Ethiopia, 226, 231, 239, + 241, 248 + Refugee relief, 204 + Tigray recipient of, 229, 233, + 239, 241, 257 + + CSCE. See + Commission on Security and Cooperation in + Europe + Cuba, 35, 42, 47, 77, 82, 231, 243: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome + and, 34 + Human rights violations, 53, 58, + 90, 91, 105 + + Curran, James, 6, + 14 + CW. See + Chemical weapons + Cylke, Owen, 258 + Cyprus, 35, 39, 57 + Czechoslovakia, 35, + 58 + + Dactu, Ion, 48 + Dailey, Peter, 138 + Dakar, 19 + Dam, Kenneth, 7, 62, 67, 69, 71, 179, 187, 199, 230, 234, 237, 282, 284, 290: + International population policy, and, + 288, 289 + Memorandum prepared by, 280 + Oceans policy, and, 175, 303 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 75 + + Dar es Salaam, 25 + Darman, Richard, 135, 137, 138, 165 + Davis, W. Kenneth, 165 + Dawit, Wolde Giorgis, 224, 230 + Dean, Robert, 330, + 334, 346, + 347, 369 + Deaver, Michael, 138, 155, 158, 227, 237 + Debt relief: + Baker Plan (1985), 258, 259 + Developing countries, 210, 213, + 218, 251, 255, 258, 259 + Sub-Saharan Africa, 255, 256, + 258 + + Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act + (1978), 116, 126, 143, 195, 199 + Defense Intelligence Agency, 34, 129 + DeLaney, James, 14 + Dembski, Sandra, 311 + Democratic Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Democratic Party, 89, 209, 227, 237, 357 + Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See + North Korea + Democratic Republic of the Congo. See + Congo (Kinshasa) + Denmark, 35, 63, 65, 70, 71, 145, 147, 186, 299, 326, 352, 356, 358, 362, 373: + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 47, 57 + + Department of Agriculture (USDA), 210, 213, 216, 258: + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 238, + 244, 246 + Public Law 480 (1954), and, 211 + Third World Hunger Study, and, 218, 219, + 221 + + Department of Commerce, 118, 169, 218, 246, 258, 318, 326, 342, 355, 360, 362: + African famine relief, and, 210, 213, + 256 + Commercial whaling policy, role in, + 302, 305, 308, 311, 312, + 315, 316, 319, 320, 321, + 323, 325, 327, 329, 330, + 332, 333, 334, 337, 345 + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 133, + 137, 138, 162, 164, 165, + 176, 195 + Ozone layer protection policy, views + on, 359, 367, 371 + Preparatory investment protection, + and, 143 + U.S. foreign policy, impact on, 302, 304, + 341 + U.S.-Iceland relations, and, 338, 339 + + Department of Defense, 19, 118, 138, 165, 175, 176, 190, 210, 278, 282, 330, 338, 346, 371: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 27, 28, 32 + African famine relief, and, 218, 235 + Commercial whaling policy, views on, + 331, 334, 337 + Department of State, relations with, + 18 + Oceans policy, views on, 114, 115, + 120, 127, 129, 131, 133, + 137, 161, 162, 164, 168, + 174, 180, 192, 195, 200 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 363, 367 + + Department of Energy (DOE), 118, 138, 165, 176, 355, 362: + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 133, + 137, 164, 195 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 367, 371 + + Department of Health and Human Services, 5, 13, 18, 23, 111, 261, 274, 371: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, + 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 31 + + Department of Justice, 31, 111, 138, 165, 339, 347, 365: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 310, 337 + Convention on the Prevention and + Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), views on, 67, 89, + 98, 104 + Immigration policy, and, 100, 110 + Oceans policy, and, 164, 195 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 357, 364, 367, 371 + Visa clearance, responsible for, 26 + + Department of Labor, 133, 137, 164, 165, 176, 195 + Department of State, 114, 138, 146, 158, 163, 188, 249, 289, 326, 331, 342, 356, 362: + Abortion, views on, 284, 298 + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 1, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, + 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, 27, + 31, 34 + African famine relief, and, 228, 235, + 252 + Agency for International Development, + 12, 13, 18, 22, 24, 32 + Asylum policy, role in, 58, 110 + Bureau of Oceans and International + Environmental and Scientific Affairs, 3, 11, 12, 15, + 18, 25, 115, 124, 125, + 143, 152, 156, 161, 169, + 194, 199, 202, 261, 264, + 266, 267, 271, 275, 276, + 281, 288, 289, 291, 297, + 300, 302, 304, 305, 310, + 311, 319, 332, 350, 354, + 360, 364, 367, 376 + Commercial whaling policy, views on, + 302, 313, 314, 319, 323, + 329, 337 + Department of Defense, relations with, + 18 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 237, + 240, 244, 246 + Foreign Service national personnel, + and, 7, 8, + 11, 20, 27 + Holy See, relations with, 261, 263, + 272 + Human rights, 40, 45, 48, 50, + 51, 58, 60, 61, 62, 70, 71, + 83, 97 + International population policy, views + on, 261, 264, 268, 273, 274, + 283, 284, 292, 297 + International Whaling Commission, and, + 302, 304, 305, 313, 337 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 137, 138, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 121, 127, + 131, 132, 133, 139, 141, + 142, 148, 150, 161, 162, + 164, 165, 167, 168, 172, + 173, 174, 175, 182, 190, + 192, 194, 196, 198, 200 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 357, 359, 365, 367, 371 + Paper prepared in, 8, 18, 37, 46, + 58, 126, 136, 171, 245, + 259, 261, 273, 284, 334, + 354 + Public diplomacy, and, 44, 45, + 48, 58, 77, 92, 102, 237 + Quiet diplomacy, and, 53, 54, + 56, 66, 68, 71, 79, 81, 92, + 243 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + role in, 44, 53, 54, 56, 66, + 89, 98, 104 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 42, 55, 128, 178 + Third World Hunger Study, and, 210, 218, + 221 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, and, 39 + U.S.-Iceland relations, and, 330, 339, + 346 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 65, 77, + 141, 170, 177, 182 + U.S.-Norway relations, and, 318 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 75, 85, + 92, 94, 107, 230, 231, + 232, 249 + Visa clearance, and, 12, 14, + 16, 17, 31, 110 + World Health Organization, and, 18, 24, + 25 + + Department of the Air Force, 131 + Department of the Interior, 118, 138, 165, 176, 182, 346, 360, 362: + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 116, + 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, + 150, 163, 174, 195 + Ozone layer protection policy, views + on, 357, 364, 367, 371 + + Department of the Navy, 36, 131 + Department of the Treasury, 118, 138, 165, 176, 190, 195, 252, 343: + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 240, + 244, 246 + Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, + and, 256, 258, 259 + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 132, + 133, 137, 164 + Third World Hunger Study, and, 210, 216 + + Department of Transportation, 118, 138, 162, 165, 168, 176, 236: + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 133, + 137, 164 + + Derham, Richard, 220, 276, 293 + Derian, Patricia, 45 + Derwinski, Edward, 88, 93, 202, 228, 238, 297, 337: + African famine relief, and, 235, 244 + Memorandum prepared by, 234, 237 + + Detente, 63, 64 + Developed countries, 126, 153: + Developing countries, and, 144, 153, + 189, 190, 197 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), role in, 122, 141, 142, 145 + + Developing countries, 25, 34, 39, 42, 46, 47, 64, 66, 82, 95, 117, 128, 134, 135, 136, 160 160, 180, 186, 189, 190, 197, 261, 280, 281, 287, 292, 355, 367: + Agricultural development, and, 233, 236, + 238, 244, 246, 252, 254, + 255, 256, 259 + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, role in, 352, 356, 358, + 361, 368, 371, 372, 373 + Coastal states, 117, 123 + Debt relief, 210, 213, 218, 251, + 255, 258, 259 + Developed countries and, 144, 153, + 189, 190, 197 + Economic development, and, 122, 162, + 212, 256, 260, 284, 286, + 287, 290 + Family planning, 267, 268, 273, 278, + 286, 287, 295 + Hunger relief, and, 210, 211, + 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, + 217, 218, 219, 221 + International Population Conference + (1984), contribution to, 271 + Law of the sea and, 128, 133, + 136, 137, 187 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That + Deplete the Ozone Layer (1988), and, 356, 361, 372, 373, + 374, 375 + Multi-attribute Utility Theory, 244, 246 + Population increase + and, 272, 283, 284, 286 + in, 260, 261, 262, 263, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 283, 284, 286, 287, 290 + + Population programs, and, 262, 271 + Soviet Union and, 64, 82, 95 + Technology transfer, 126, 127, + 140, 144, 149, 166 + Womens health, 290, 295 + + Development aid, 267: + Birth rate, impact on, 273, 282, + 286 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 268, 270, 271, 275, 277, + 284, 300 + + Development Coordination Committee, 207, 211, 221, 253, 258: + “Food for Progress” Program, 246 + Public Law 480 (1954), 208, 212, + 220, 244 + + Dewey, Houston, 34 + Disinformation: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome + associated with, 9, 19, 21, + 23, 25, 30, 33, 34 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, role in, + 9, 19, + 21, 23, 30, 33, 34 + + Dissident movements, 55, 61, 79, 87, 93, 97, 99 + Djibouti, 35, 203, 239, 250 + Dobriansky, Paula, 61, 70, 73, 89 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 49, 55, 59, 68, 94, 103, 311 + Doder, Dusko, 71 + DOE. See + Department of Energy + Domestic Policy Council, 8, 17, 27, 355, 364, 372, 375: + Meetings, 26, + 28, 363, 369, 370 + Memorandum prepared in, 371 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 357, 360, 367 + + Dominica, 35 + Dominican Republic, 35 + Donovan, Raymond “Ray,” 158, 165 + Douglas, H. Eugene, 60, 67, 121, 127 + Dowdle, Walter, 6 + Draper, Morris, 289 + Driggs, Michael, 251, 254, 258 + Drinan, Robert, 44 + Drought, 205, 215, 256: + African famine relief and, 203, 219, + 226, 235, 241, 245, 252 + Ethiopia, 207, 224, 229, 241, + 247, 250 + Food shortages, and, 203, 206, + 208, 223, 225, 227, 245, + 257 + Refugee relief, 204, 230, 232, 237, + 239, 243 + + Drucker, Peter, 161 + Drug use, 2, 3, 7, 8, 18, 24, 25, 27, 32, 35, 36 + Duarte, José Napoleón, 44 + Duberstein, Kenneth, 28 + Dubinin, Yuri, 94, + 345 + DuSault, Philip, 258 + Dustin, Eben, 7, 8, 20 + Dyke, Nancy Bearg, 162, 164 + Dymally, Mervin, 45 + + Eagleburger, Lawrence, 56, 60, 142, 143, 205: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 49, 53 + Memorandum prepared by, 170 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 38 + + East Africa, 35, + 287 + East Asia, 287 + Eastern Bloc states, 57, 126, 157, 162, 197, 287, 290: + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 123, 130, 136, 189, + 198 + + Eastern Europe, 35, + 45, 63, 287: + Self determination, 47 + United States, relations with, 45, 47, + 62, 63 + + East Germany, 35, + 39, 47, 57, 82, 84 + East-West relations, 48, 79, 97, 99, 287: + Human rights, and, 54, 74, 113 + + Economic development, 255, 256, 258, 261, 263, 295: + Birth rate, impact on, 267, 273, + 282, 286 + Economic growth, 236, 244, 246, 252, + 254, 268, 283, 286, 287 + Financial stability, 209, 251, + 284 + Food aid impact on, 211, 212, + 218 + Population increase impact on, 261, 262, + 271, 272, 273, 278, 279, + 280, 281, 284, 286, 287, + 290 + Private sector, 251, 252, 254, 284 + + Economic sanctions: + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + related to, 302, 304, 306, + 309, 310, 315, 333, 334, + 337, 340, 344 + Pelly Amendment (1978), related to, + 304, 306, 310, 314, 315, + 317, 318, 319, 321, 323, + 333, 334, 336, 337, 344 + U.S.-Iceland relations, impact on, + 322, 324, 326, 329, 330, + 347 + U.S.-Japan relations, impact on, 303, 307, + 343 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 311 + + Economic Support Fund, 209, 252 + Ecuador, 35, 117, 188, 189, 191, 352 + Edwards, James, 138, 158 + Egypt, 35, 95, 260, 263, 299, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Population increase, and, 271, 273, + 282, 284 + + Eidem, Bjarne Mørk, 321 + Eiríksson, Guðmundur, 322, 326 + ELISA. See + Enzyme-linked immunosorbent + assay + El Salvador, 39, + 44, 47, 84, 105, 107: + Humanitarian assistance, 53, 54, + 57 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 41, 42, 53, 66, 69, + 77 + + Ely, Northcutt, 121 + Emigration, 86, 87, 88, 102, 108: + Exit permit, 96, 103, 106, 108 + Family reunification role in, 58, 79, + 83, 96, 101 + Israel and, 71, 79, 80, 100, + 108, 110, 111 + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 58 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 52, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, + 70, 75, 78, 79, 83, 85, 93, + 94, 100, 103 + West Germany and, 63, 65, 110, 111 + + Enders, Thomas, 56 + England. See + United Kingdom + Environmental affairs, 261 + Environmental Defense Fund, 356 + Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 118, 176, 352, 364, 376: + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, views on, 367, 370, 371 + Clean Air Act (1963) and, 350, 355, + 360, 363 + Oceans policy, views on, 115, 133, + 137 + Ozone layer protection policy, role + in, 349, 357, 359, 365, 368 + Stratospheric Ozone Protection Plan, + 355 + + Environmental research, 358, 361, 365: + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, and, 362, 367, 368 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That + Deplete the Ozone Layer (1988), included in, 355, 362, + 364 + National Aeronautics and Space + Administration and, 352, 364 + National Oceanic and Atmospheric + Administration and, 355, 364 + Ozone layer protection policy, + contribution to, 351, 354, 363, + 369, 371 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), included in, 350, 351, 352, 353, + 355 + + Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), + 7, 8, 14, 16, 17, 27 + EPA. See + Environmental Protection + Agency + Epidemiology, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 28, 29, 35, 36 + Equatorial Guinea, 35, 57 + Eritrea, 204, 241, 242: + Cross-border relief efforts, recipient + of, 229, 233, 239, 243, 257 + Mass migration, and, 230, 242, + 250 + + Ermacora, Felix, 77, + 82 + Ermarth, Fritz, 97, + 101 + Eskin, Otho, 127, + 136, 143, + 145, 148, + 151, 152, + 161, 162, + 164, 173, + 182, 189, + 191, 197, + 198 + Ethiopia, 35, 47, 57, 203, 204, 205, 225, 227, 234, 258, 273: + Catholic Relief Services, 206, 239, + 250, 253 + Civil war, 204, 229, 230, 231, + 232, 233, 241, 242, 243, + 259 + Cross-border relief efforts, 204, 229, + 230, 232, 239, 241, 243, + 250, 253 + Disaster relief, 206, 226, 230, 231, + 232, 233, 239, 241, 242, + 243, 247, 257 + Drought, 207, 224, 229, 241, + 247, 250 + Ethiopian Air Force, 239 + Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 250, 253 + Famine relief, 207, 224, 226, 229, + 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, + 241, 242, 243, 247, 248, + 249, 250, 259 + Food shortages, 222, 247, 250 + Provisional Military Government of + Socialist Ethiopia, 206, 224, 226, + 229, 230, 231, 232, 237, + 239, 241, 242, 243, 248, + 250, 257 + Refugee resettlement, 84, 230, + 232, 239, 243, 249, 250 + Relief and Rehabilitation Commission + (Ethiopia), 204, 224, 230, + 232 + Soviet Union, relations with, 239, 242, + 243, 247, 249, 250 + United States, relations with, 243, 250, + 257 + + Europe, 266 + European Chemical Industry and Aerosol + Associations, 356 + European Chemical Industry Council, 352 + European Commission, 126, 180, 186, 190 + European Community, 356, 363: + Air pollution, contribution to, 355, 364 + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, and, 352, 358, 362, + 373, 375 + Regional economic integration + organizations, included in, 350, + 374, 375 + + European Economic Community, 239, 250, 352, 357 + Evans, William, 326, 327, 333, 340: + International Whaling Commission, + representative to, 346, 347 + + Exclusive economic zone, 126, 176, 182, 191, 327, 347: + Freedom of navigation, and, 127, 162, + 192, 194, 196 + NSDD 83, “United States Oceans Policy, + Law of the Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone,” 196 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + and, 316, 334, 343 + Territorial sea limit and, 194, 195 + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982) and, 114, 145, 186, + 192, 194, 196 + + Export-Import Bank of the United States, 256 + + FAA. See + Federal Aviation + Administration + Fairbanks, Charles, Jr., 40, 52, 53, 58, 66 + Falin, Valentin, 33 + Family planning: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome + and, 25 + Developing countries, 267, 268, + 273, 278, 286, 287, 295 + International population policy and, + 24, 261, 262, 265, 271, + 272, 273, 276, 278, 281, + 283, 284, 287, 290, 292, + 293, 294, 295, 298 + + Family reunification, 80, 86, 87, 88, 92, 99, 106, 109: + Emigration, role in, 58, 79, + 83, 96, 101 + + Fanfani, Amintore, 65, 180 + Farrand, Robert, 89 + Fascell, Dante, 282 + Fascism, 47, 57, 80, 82, 84 + Fauci, Anthony, 23 + FBI. See + Federal Bureau of + Investigation + Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 316 + Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 107 + Federal Republic of Germany. See + West Germany + Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1948), + 161 + Feinson, Fred, 4 + Feldman, Harvey, 162, 164 + Feltsman, Vladimir, 94 + Fertility regulation: + Biomedical research role in, 261, 266, + 284, 286 + Population increase, 260, 262, + 266, 268, 273, 278, 286, + 287, 290 + + Fiji, 35, 57, 191 + Finland, 35, 65, 73, 74, 147, 352, 356, 362 + Fischer, Dean, 56 + Fishermen’s Protective Act (1967), 307, 312, 318, 320, 321, 323, 343, 344, 345 (see also + Pelly Amendment (1978)) + Fleischhauer, Carl-August, 184 + Fleming, Harold, 289 + Flournoy, Peter, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 315, 332, 338, 346 + Food aid: + Agricultural development, 213, 214, + 215, 218, 219, 226, 233, + 236, 238, 243, 246, 250, + 251, 254, 255, 256, 258, + 259 + Airdrop, 239 + Budgets, 219, 221, 237, 238, + 240, 244, 246, 255, 256, + 258 + Distribution plan, 220, 221, 230, 231, + 232, 239, 240, 243, 246, + 249, 253, 256 + Economic development, impact on, 211, 212, + 218 + International trade, impact on, 211, 218, + 255 + National security interests, 212, 218, + 254, 256 + Natural hazards, 212, 219, 220 + Private sector role in, 219, 221, + 227, 228, 236, 237, 255, + 257, 259 + Southern Africa, 205, 207, 208, 210, + 219, 236, 237 + + Food and Drug Administration, 3, 27, 273 + “Food for Progress” Program, 237, 240, 255, 256: + Agricultural development, 233, 236, + 238, 244 + Implementation, 246, 251 + U.S. Congress and, 236, 238 + World Bank and, 236, 244 + + Food shortages, 249, 259, 262: + Drought and, 203, 206, 208, 223, + 225, 227, 245, 257 + Ethiopia, 222, 247, 250 + + Ford, Gerald, 67, + 263, 273, + 301 + Foreign aid: + Abortion impact on, 263, 270, + 273, 282, 283, 290, 291 + Agency for International Development, + 205, 228, 239, 243, 250, + 293, 297, 299, 300 + Biomedical research and, 273 + Birth rate, related to, 262, 267 + Disaster relief, 216, 220, 237 + International donors, and, 219, 220, + 224, 226, 229, 239, 250 + Poverty, 212, 219, 251, 254, + 256 + Public Law 480 (1954), 208, 219, + 220, 221, 222, 235, 236, + 238, 241, 244, 255, 258 + United States and, 45, 51, 53, 58, + 206, 207, 209, 214, 219, + 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, + 226, 227, 229, 235, 237, + 239, 243, 246, 247, 253, + 261, 267, 268, 269, 294, + 297 + U.S. Congress role in, 205, 219, + 229, 241, 243, 248, 259, + 276, 290, 291, 294, 296, + 297, 299 + + Foreign Assistance Act (1980), 256, 262, 273 + Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 15 + Foreign Intelligence Priorities Committee, + 29, 35 + Fortier, Donald “Don,” 228 + “Four-part agenda,” 85, 92, 100, 101, 102 + Fowler, John, 138 + France, 6, 45, 50, 78, 79, 84, 106, 117, 122, 153, 154, 160, 171, 177, 189, 195, 260, 262, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 135, 142, 143, + 162, 167, 169, 173, 182, + 197, 198, 199 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 119, 133, + 144, 145, 146, 152, 159, + 165, 186, 191 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 42, 48, 57, 90 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 123, 124, 141, 151, 179, + 180, 190 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 61, 63, + 71 + + Freedom of navigation, 120, 138, 155, 188: + Coastal states, related to, 117, 162, + 194 + Commercial navigation, 115, 133, + 162, 179, 185 + Exclusive economic zone and, 127, 162, + 192, 194, 196 + International law and, 120, 162, + 180, 191, 195, 196, 200 + Law of the sea and, 124, 125, + 127, 128, 134, 135, 159, + 164, 166, 170, 175, 180, + 191, 200 + National security interests, impact + on, 122, 126, 131, 140, 148, + 156, 168, 179, 192 + Overflight clearance related to, 114, 115, + 120, 122, 191, 192, 194, + 195, 196, 200 + Territorial sea limit impact on, 117, 120, + 122, 160, 192, 200, 201, + 202 + + Freeman, Chas, Jr., 25 + Free trade zone, 258 + French Caribbean, 35 + Frydenlund, Knut, 321 + Frye, Bill, 161 + Funseth, Robert, 31, + 110 + + G–7 Economic Summit (1981), 267, 268, 271, 273, 275, 280 + G–7 Economic Summit (1982), 273, 280 + G–7 Economic Summit (1985), 251, 254 + G–7 Economic Summit (1986), 251, 254 + Gabon, 35, 84 + Galatz, Karen, 95 + Gallagher, Dennis, 20 + Gallium, 154 + Gambia, The, 35, + 90, 245, 256, 259 + Gastil, Raymond, 45 + Gates, Robert, 34, + 35 + GATT. See + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) + Gavin, John, 278, + 280 + GDR. See + East Germany + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) + (GATT), 177, 178, 258, 310, 311, 314, 318, 319, 323, 333, 355, 358, 362 + General International Fisheries Agreement + (GIFA), 316, 327 + Geneva Convention (1949), 47, 57, 289, 290 + Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea + (1958), 117, 186, 195 + Geneva Summit (1985), 79, 80: + Human rights and, 80, 81, 83, 111 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 78, 81, + 83 + + Genocide, 46, 67, 82 + Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 180 + George, Clair, 78 + Gerlach, Bryce, 11, + 12 + German Democratic Republic. See + East Germany + Ghana, 35, 203, 256, 259, 290, 362, 373 + GIFA. See + General International Fisheries + Agreement + Gigot, Paul, 357 + Gjesteby, Kari, 321 + Gladson, Charles, 203, 258 + Glasnost, 33, 93, 95, 99, 101, 107 + Glassman, John, 288, 289 + Glazer, Harry, 292 + Goff, Paul, 7, 8, 14, 20, 31: + AIDS Working Group meeting, + participant in, 11, 12 + + Golan Heights, 57 + Gold, 154 + Goldberg, Sherwod, 127 + Goodgame, Rick, 10 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, 92, 94, 103, 249, 338: + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 80 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” 95, 97, + 99, 101, 107, 111 + Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev + (1987), 101 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), role in, 87, 97, 99, + 100, 101 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 109 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 77, 109, 112 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 80, 86, + 109 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 86 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 93 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact + on, 77, 78, 79, 83, 87, 88, 102, + 113 + + Gorbachev’s “new thinking”: + Human rights, and, 93 + + Gordon, Robert, Jr., 6 + Gorman, Paul, 138 + Goroku Satake, 340, + 342 + Gorsuch, Anne, 158 + Gosbank, 311 + Graham, William, 363, 369 + Gray, Edwin, 134, + 135, 349, + 363, 369, + 370 + Great Britain. See + United Kingdom + Greece, 35, 57, 62, 63, 65, 186, 191, 260, 352, 356, 358, 373 + Green, Grant, Jr., 26, 334, 363 + Greenland, 35, 326, 333 + Green, Marshall, 261, 266, 275 + Green Peace, 337, + 342 + Gregg, Donald, 141, + 273 + Grenada, 35, 66 + Grinspoon, Lester, 111 + Gromyko, Andrei, 64, + 65, 75, 127: + Shultz, George, meeting with, 68 + + Grossman, Daniel, 102 + Grossman, Steve, 14 + Group of 11, 153 + Group of 77, 82, + 142, 144, + 148, 159, + 198: + National liberation movements, and, + 123 + Soviet Union, relations with, 130, 136, + 144, 153 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 124, 128, 129, 135, + 143, 152, 156 + United States, relations with, 130, 144, + 145, 147, 151, 153, 157, + 160, 162 + + Group of Five, 124, + 130, 151, + 191 + Guatemala, 35, 39, 41, 57, 58, 69, 84: + Military assistance and sales, and, + 53 + United States, relations with, 47, 82 + + Guhin, Michael, 130, 155, 184, 186, 187, 190, 193, 274: + Memorandum prepared by, 150, 158, + 174, 175, 185, 263, 269 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 163, 165 + Oceans policy, views on, 141, 160, + 161, 182 + + Guinea, 35, 259 + Guinea-Bissau, 35, + 256 + Gunnarsson, Styrmir, 324 + Gurov, Sergei, 23 + Guyana, 33, 35 + + Habicht, Frank “Hank,” Jr., 162, 164, 363 + Haig, Alexander, 41, + 49, 131, 142, 150, 261, 262, 267, 268: + House Foreign Relations Committee, + meeting with, 40 + Human rights, views on, 38, 43, + 44, 45, 46, 52, 53, 56 + Oceans policy, views on, 116, 127, + 138, 143, 167 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 42, 55, 128, 149, 159 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 121, 126, 136, 137, + 148, 156, 157 + + Haiti, 8, 9, 39, 41, 57, 84: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + and, 2, 3, + 4, 6, + 7, 35 + + Hajost, Scott, 350, + 352 + Hallgrĭmsson, Geir, 315: + Shultz, George, correspondence with, + 316 + + Hall, Katherine, 34, + 35 + Harlow, Bruce, 114, + 160, 161, + 191, 363 + Harper, Edwin, 158, + 160, 165, + 172, 270, + 273 + Hartman, Arthur, 19, + 23, 50, 55, 59, 65, 68, 230, 232 + Heil, June, 12 + Helman, Gerald, 39, + 47, 130 + Helms Amendment (1973), 276: + Abortion, and, 263, 268 + + Helms, Jesse, 67, + 72, 276 + Helsinki Acts (1975), 58, 92, 97, 99: + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 45, 61, + 62, 63, 64, 77, 87, 88, 92, + 93, 97, 106, 107 + Helsinki Monitoring Group, 44, 48, + 57, 58, 62, 85 + + Hemmer, Carl, 293 + Henderson,Rudolph “Rudy,” Jr., 14, 31 + Henkin, Lou, 44, + 45 + Hennesey, Matt, 258 + Hermannsson, Steingrímur, 313, 315, 334, 336, 339: + Ruwe, L. Nicholas, correspondence + with, 348 + + Herrick, Allison, 244 + Herrington, John, 26, 28, 363, 369, 370, 372 + Hertzberg, David, 21, 23 + Hewitt, Warren, 57, + 69, 191 + Hickenlooper Amendment (1962), 239, 243 + Hill, A. Alan, 303 + Hill, M. Charles, 61, 70, 71, + 73, 90, 217, 273, 278: + Memorandum prepared by, 72, 282, + 284 + + Hines, Patricia, 357 + Hiroya Sano, 307 + Hitler, Adolf, 66 + Hodel, Donald, 26, + 360, 366, + 372: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 28, 363, 369, + 370 + + Holdridge, John, 56, + 302 + Holser, Alex, 160 + Holy See, 62, 63, 65, 73, 74, 230, 275: + Department of State, relations with, + 261, 263, 272 + + Homosexuality, 1, + 3, 7, 8, 18, 24, 25, 32, 35 + Honduras, 35 + Hong Kong, 35 + Hormats, Robert D., 56, 167 + Horner, Charles, 157, 199, 288 + Horn of Africa, 237, 243: + United States, relations with, 204, 250 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 230, 249 + + Horsey, Sarah, 315 + Housing shortage, 262 + Howarth, Richard, 276 + Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 64, 112 + Hoyer, Steny, 107 + Hoyle, Brian, 160, + 199, 202, + 310 + Human Immunodeficiency Virus. See + Human Immunodeficiency Virus + under + Acquired Immune Deficiency + Syndrome + Humanitarian assistance (see also + African famine relief): + Hunger relief, includes, 210, 211, + 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, + 217, 218, 219, 221 + Refugees, 204, 232, 237, 239, + 243 + + Human rights, 39, + 42, 46, 47, 48, 54, 73, 75, 83, 88, 99, 101, 102, 107, 109, 111: + Antisemitism, 60, 61, 64, 70 + Broadcasting, 97, 99, 102 + Carter administration (1977–1981) and, + 38, 42, 52, 58 + Civil rights, 51, 102, 109 + Communications and postal systems, + 92, 100 + Conference on Security and + Co-operation in Europe, included in, 42, 49, 63, 71, + 77 + Crime prevention, 53, 54, 66 + Death penalty, 107 + Department of State, 40, 45, + 48, 50, 51, 58, 60, 61, 62, + 70, 71, 83, 97 + Dissident movements, and, 55, 61, + 79, 87, 93, 97, 99 + Dual national, and, 68, 96, 99, 100 + East-West relations and, 54, 74, + 113 + Economic aid, related to, 53, 56, + 66 + Emigration, 46, 54, 58, 63, + 87, 93, 96, 97, 100, 103, 106, + 108, 113 + Family reunification, and, 58, 79, + 80, 86, 87, 92, 96, 99, 106 + “Four-part agenda,” role in, 85, 100, + 101, 102 + Freedom of expression, and, 88, 93, + 99, 102, 107 + Freedom of the press, and, 33, 66, + 83 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 80, 81, + 83, 111 + Gorbachev’s “new thinking” and, 93 + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 45, 55, + 61, 62, 63, 64, 77, 80, 87, + 88, 92, 93, 97, 106, 107 + Homelessness, 101, 102 + Human rights violations, 41, 43, + 51, 56, 57, 58, 61, 65, 66, + 70, 71, 74, 77, 78, 84, 85, + 90, 91, 95 + Immigration, 100, 102 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + 45, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, + 65, 68, 70, 75, 78, 79, 80, + 85, 92, 93, 94, 100, 101, 102, + 103, 106, 108, 110, 111 + Latin America and, 58, 82, 90 + Mass migration, 39, 47, 57, 284, + 286, 287, 289, 290 + Military assistance and sales, and, + 53, 54, 56 + National Security Council and, 101 + National security policy, related to, + 46 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization + and, 42, 63, 64, 65 + Pentecostalists issue (1983), 49, 80 + Political disappearances, and, 44, 69, + 82, 84 + Political prisoners, and, 52, 92, + 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 102, 106 + Psychiatric abuse, 54, 57, 69, 77, + 82, 87, 93, 96, 99, 102, 107 + Racial discrimination, 47, 109 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 40, 41, 43, 45, 51, 52, 53, + 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, + 66, 68, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, + 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 97, 100, + 103, 112, 113 + Refuseniks, 49, 94, 100, 103, + 108, 111 + Religious freedom, 58, 69, 77, 80, + 84, 86, 87, 92, 93, 95, 99, + 106, 107, 109 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 102 + Soviet Union and, 38, 44, 49, 54, + 61, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71, + 74, 80, 81, 85, 87, 93, 94, + 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 106, 107, + 108, 112 + Torture, 39, + 46, 47, 48, 57, 58, 76, 77, + 82, 89, 98, 104 + United Nations, 45, 52, 54, 58, + 90, 91, 105 + United States and, 40, 41, 42, 45, + 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, 59, 62, + 65, 66, 68, 79, 80, 81, 82, + 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 97, + 100, 103, 109, 112 + U.S. Congress and, 42, 43, 44, 45, + 46, 51, 53, 58, 71 + U.S. foreign policy and, 40, 41, + 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 53, 56, + 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, + 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 77, + 80, 81, 113 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 38, 49, + 53, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, + 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, + 74, 81, 85, 86, 94, 95, 96, + 97, 100, 103, 106, 107, + 108 + U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, + impact on, 58, 79, 80, 92 + Visas, 97, + 106, 110 + Womens rights, 80, 290, 295 + + Hungary, 35, 58, 101, 260, 356, 362: + Most Favored Nation status, 48 + + Hurtado, Miguel de la Madrid, 279, 290 + + IAEA. See + International Atomic Energy + Agency + IBRD. See + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development + Iceland, 35, 145, 147, 195: + Commercial whaling moratorium, + response to, 304, 314, 317, + 322, 329, 330, 333, 335, + 346, 347 + Icelandic Defense Force, 326, 334 + Icelandic Program for Whale Research, + 346, 348 + International Convention for the + Regulation of Whaling (1946), member of, 316, 322, 332, 333, + 335, 348 + International Whaling Commission, + participant in, 331, 348 + Japan, trade relations with, 316, 324, + 332, 334, 337 + Nationalism, 324, 331, 332, 334 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + applied to, 315, 316, 318, + 328, 329, 332, 333, 334 + Pelly Amendment (1978), applied to, + 315, 316, 328, 329, 331, + 332 + Scientific whaling, participant in, + 313, 315, 316, 324, 326, + 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, + 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, + 346 + Sovereignty, 332, 335, 336, 337 + UK-Icelandic Cod Wars, 324, 336 + + Iklé, Fred, 114, + 126, 129, + 133, 165: + Memorandum prepared by, 131 + + Immigration, 14, + 17, 26, 27, 28, 31, 35, 100, 102 + Immigration and Naturalization Act (1952), + 14, 17, 27, 31 + Immigration and Naturalization Service, 31, 45, 110 + IMT. See + Institute of Tropical + Medicine + India, 9, 35, 64, 84, 91, 95, 162, 259, 260, 273, 284, 287, 356, 358, 361 + Indonesia, 35, 95, 191, 260, 263, 271, 273, 352, 373 + Information exchange, 371: + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), included in, 353, 354, 355 + + Ingvarsson, Ingvi, 334, 338, 339 + Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, 256, 258, 259 + Inman, Bobby, 132 + Inouye, Daniel, 297, 298 + Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT, Institut de Medicine Tropical), 4, 5, 6 + Institute of U.S. and Canadian Studies + (Soviet), 78, 107 + Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative + Organization, 122 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks + (1982–1987), 59, 63 + International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), + 177 + International Bank for Reconstruction and + Development (IBRD), 252, 256 + International Chamber of Commerce, 356 + International Commerce Commission, 352 + International Committee of the Red Cross, + 105, 204, + 228, 229, + 230, 239, + 243 + International Conference on Human Rights + (1968), 273 + International Convention for the Regulation + of Whaling (1946), 317, 334, 342, 345: + Animal conservation, and, 310, 316, + 333, 348 + Iceland member of, 316, 322, 332, 333, + 335, 348 + Japan member of, 307, 308, 310, 340 + Scientific whaling, and, 314, 315, + 321, 322, 332, 335 + United States member of, 307, 308, + 310, 316, 340 + + International Court of Justice, 57, 67, 160, 162, 183, 193, 195, 350 + International donors, 251, 256, 259: + African famine relief, role in, 241, 244, + 246, 250, 254 + Private voluntary organizations, and, + 219, 220, 224, 226, 229, + 239, 250 + + International Food Policy Research Institute, + 259 + International Health Research Act (1960), + 6 + International law, 122, 156, 160, 161, 165, 189, 192, 194, 202: + Freedom of navigation, and, 120, 162, + 180, 191, 195, 196, 200 + International Seabed Authority, and, + 135 + + International Monetary Fund, 13, 177, 178, 209, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 259 + International organizations, 220, 224, 290, 351: + Humanitarian assistance, role in, 212, 219, + 221, 230, 250, 270 + + International Planned Parenthood Federation, + 273 + International Population Conference (1984), + 260, 261, + 275, 294: + Developing countries contribution to, + 271 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 279 + Recommendations for the Further + Implementation of the World Population Plan of Action + (1984), 290, 292 + Soviet Union participant in, 284, 287, + 289, 292 + United States participant in, 272, 278, + 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, + 288 + + International population policy: + Department of State views on, 261, 264, + 268, 273, 274, 283, 284, + 292, 297 + Family planning, and, 261, 262, + 265, 271, 272, 273, 276, + 278, 281, 283, 284, 287, + 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, + 298 + Foreign assistance, and, 262, 268, + 269, 270, 273, 280, 291, + 293, 294 + National Institutes of Health and, + 273 + National Security Council and, 263, 264, + 269, 274, 283, 285, 286 + National security, and, 263, 266, + 270, 284 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, + 269, 270, 272, 274, 278, + 279, 283, 284, 285, 286, + 287, 288, 289, 292, 293, + 294, 296, 298, 299, 300 + United States and, 261, 264, 266, 270, + 284, 287, 295 + + International Seabed Authority, 140, 149, 162: + International law and, 135 + Sea bed mining, role in, 114, 136, + 145, 149, 154, 166, 180, + 191 + + International Security and Development + Cooperation Act (1985), 248 + International Whaling Commission, 316, 329, 338: + Animal conservation, and, 302, 304, + 306, 308, 312, 315, 318, + 319, 320, 323, 332, 337, + 343, 344, 345 + Catch quota, and, 311, 317, 336 + Commercial whaling moratorium, and, + 301, 303, 309, 310, 321, + 322, 325, 326, 327, 330, + 335, 339, 341, 346, 347 + Department of State and, 302, 304, + 305, 313, 337 + Iceland participant in, 331, 348 + Japan participant in, 307, 333, + 340, 342 + Norway participant in, 303, 314, + 317, 321 + United States participant in, 301, 303, + 306, 314, 324, 326, 328, + 329, 330, 334, 340, 342, + 343, 346, 348 + + Iran, 35, 52, 53, 84, 95, 105, 273, 284: + Human rights violations, 47, 57, + 69, 82 + + Iraq, 35, 57, 243 + Ireland, 35, 63, 65, 71, 73, 77, 90, 145, 147, 186, 352, 356, 373 + Iron, 154 + Islam, 95 + Israel, 35, 45, 49, 50, 95, 157, 159, 162, 188, 189, 191, 289: + Emigration, and, 71, 79, 80, 100, + 108, 110, 111 + Occupied territories, 47, 57, + 69, 290, 292 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 84 + + Italy, 35, 57, 61, 63, 73, 74, 153, 157, 166, 180, 188, 239, 250, 256, 272, 352, 356, 362: + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 142, 143, 161, + 169, 197, 198, 199 + Sea bed mining, and, 133, 143, + 198, 199 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 145, 152, + 159, 189, 191 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 141, 162, 171, 179 + + Itoh, William, 306 + Izvestiya, 33 + + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 48: + Emigration, 58 + + Jamaica, 35, 183, 184, 188, 190, 191 + Jameson, Lisa, 101 + Jansson, Kurt, 226, + 230, 239 + Japan, 35, 47, 54, 65, 66, 117, 122, 141, 153, 167, 171, 177, 179, 180, 182, 256, 260, 266, 271, 290, 356, 362, 374, 375: + Air pollution, contribution to, 355, 364 + Commercial whaling moratorium, + response to, 304, 306, 307, + 309, 310, 315, 316, 330, + 343, 344 + Conference of Plenipotentiaries for + Protection of the Ozone Layer, participant in, 352, 358 + Iceland trade relations with, 316, 324, + 332, 334, 337 + International Convention for the + Regulation of Whaling (1946), member of, 307, 308, 310, 340 + International Whaling Commission, + participant in, 307, 333, 340, + 342 + Japanese Scientific Whale Research + Program, 340, 342, 343 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + applied to, 306, 307, 310, + 316, 337, 340, 343, 344 + Pelly Amendment (1978), applied to, + 306, 307, 310, 316, 340, + 343, 344 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 116, 142, 143, + 165, 169, 197, 198, 199 + Scientific whaling, participant in, + 334, 337, 340, 342, 343 + Sea bed mining, and, 133, 154, + 160, 162, 187 + Sperm whales, and, 302, 305, 306, 307, + 308 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 119, 144, + 145, 152, 188, 190, 191 + United Nations Fund for Population + Activities, contribution to, 273, + 299 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 57, 90 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 123, 124, 159, 185, 187, + 357, 363, 367, 373 + Whaling industry, 311, 325 + + Japan Whaling Association v. American + Cetacean Society (1986), 337, 347 + JCC. See + Joint Commercial Commission + JCS. See + Joint Chiefs of Staff + Jenkins, James, 135 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union: + Human rights, 45, 55, 58, 59, + 60, 62, 64, 65, 68, 70, 75, + 78, 79, 80, 85, 92, 93, 94, + 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, + 108, 110, 111 + + Joe, Gwendolyn, 253 + Johnson, Gilbert, 164, 332, 346, 360 + Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 72 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 118, 125, 138, 165, 176, 195: + Oceans policy, and, 114, 123, + 127, 131, 201 + + Joint Commercial Commission (JCC), 312, 345 + Jones, David, 120, + 138, 158 + Jordan, 35, 47, 290 + + Kampelman, Max, 62, + 88, 93, 94, 99, 103, 111: + Human rights, and, 53, 71, 73, 74, + 106 + Madrid CSCE Review Conference, + representative to, 48, 49, 52, + 55, 63, 65 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), views on, 106 + + Kampuchea. See + Cambodia + Kaplan, Phillip, 284 + Karmal, Babrak, 58 + Karpov, Viktor, 94 + Kashlev, Yuri, 85 + Kauzlarich, Richard D., 11, 12, 297, 349 + Kayembe, N.N., 6 + Keating, Robert, 244: + African famine relief, and, 223, 228, + 240 + Oceans policy, and, 160, 161 + Third World Hunger Study, chair of, + 210, 212, 216, 217, 218, + 219, 236, 238 + + Keel, Alton “Al,” Jr., 215, 218, 235, 244, 273 + Kelly, Debra, 309 + Kelly, John, 42, + 49, 304, 311 + Kemp, Jack, 297, + 298 + Kemp-Kasten Amendment (1985), 297, 298 + Kendrew, Claudia, 325, 327, 333 + Kennedy Amendment (1974), 53 + Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 234 + Kennedy-Humphrey Amendment (1977), 53 + Kennedy, John F., 72 + Kennedy, Richard, 52, 54, 56, + 58, 66, 119, 127 + Kenya, 35, 84, 225, 226, 256, 258, 261, 271, 273, 284, 290, 356, 358, 362, 373 + Keyes, Alan, 22, + 89, 90, 226, 229, 288 + Keyworth, George, II, 158, 273 + KGB. See + Committee for State Security, Soviet + Union + Kharchev, Konstantin, 94 + Khrushchev, Nikita, 88, 93, 99 + Kimball, John, 209 + Kimmitt, Robert, 61, + 73, 225, 228, 244, 278, 282 + Kiribati, 35 + Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 76, 158, 276, 278, 292: + Human rights, and, 48, 74 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138 + Oceans policy, and, 144, 153, + 193 + Population programs, views on, 271, 280, + 282 + United Nations, ambassador to, 42, 181, + 183, 189 + + Kirk, Roger, 289 + Kissinger Commission, 275 + Kissinger, Henry, 275 + Knecht, Peter, 12, + 13 + Koch, Noel, 129 + Kohl, Helmut, 63, + 65, 178, 179, 190, 198: + Rumsfeld, Donald, meeting with, 180 + + Koh, Tommy Thong-Bee, 119, 123, 155, 162: + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), chair of, 124, 152, 153, 156, + 157, 189 + + Kooijmans, Peter, 57, 77 + Koop, C. Everett, 23, 26, 28 + Korn, David Adolph, 206, 224, 231, 239, 242 + Korniyenko, Georgiy, 68 + Kozyrev, Andrei, 151 + Kramer, Franklin, 114 + Krause, Richard, 6 + Kriebel, P. Wesley, 22 + Kronmiller, Theodore George, 124, 125, 135, 160, 161, 169 + Krosby, Quincy, 328, 332 + Krumm, Donald, 31 + Kuwait, 35, 373 + Kuznetsov, Vasily, 109 + + Laber, Jeri, 48 + Lagos, 19 + Lancet, 6, 10 + Lang, Kathleen, 102 + Lang, Winfred, 352, + 356, 358, + 362 + Laos, 35, 45 + Larson, Alan Philip, 306, 309, 310 + Latin America, 33, + 35, 41, 44, 47, 63, 84, 226, 256, 259, 261, 273, 287: + Human rights, and, 58, 82, 90 + + Law of the sea (see + also + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982); United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)): + Archipelagic claims, and, 114, 120, + 122, 133, 161, 162, 191, + 192, 200 + Developing countries, and, 128, 133, + 136, 137, 187 + Fisheries aid, and, 126, 161, + 162, 164, 165, 170, 186, + 194, 195, 196 + Foreign policy, impact on, 122, 123, + 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, + 132, 133, 135, 136, 161, + 162, 163, 167, 171, 172, + 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, + 182, 201 + Freedom of navigation, and, 124, 125, + 127, 128, 134, 135, 159, + 164, 166, 170, 175, 180, + 191, 200 + International law, related to, 162, 165, + 191, 192, 194, 196, 200, + 202 + Maritime boundaries, 126, 133, + 162, 195 + National liberation movements, and, + 140, 150, 166 + National security policy, and, 114, 120, + 122, 126, 131, 148, 156, + 174, 175, 192, 201 + North-South dialogue, and, 122, 127, + 180, 186 + Overflight clearance, and, 114, 115, + 117, 120, 122, 133, 135, + 140, 156, 159, 160, 162, + 164, 166, 168, 170, 175, + 180, 191, 192, 194, 195, + 196, 200 + Pollution control, 117, 122, 126, 133, + 154, 161, 162, 166, 170, + 194, 195 + Transit passage, and, 114, 117, + 120, 122, 160, 162, 188, + 191, 192, 200 + Warship navigation rights, and, 114, 115, + 117, 122, 123, 126, 127, + 131, 133, 140, 151, 162, + 179, 180, 192, 200 + + LDP. See + Liberal Democratic Party + (Japan) + Leach, Jerry, 347 + Leach, Jim, 45 + Lebanon, 35, 284 + Ledesma, James, 326 + Ledsky, Nelson, 87 + LeFever, Ernest, 43, + 44, 45, 46, 48, 52 + Leland, Marc, 165 + Lellenberg, Jon, 338 + Lenin, Vladimir, 93, + 99 + Lesotho, 35, 205 + Lett, Raymond D., 211 + Levine, Richard, 216, 219, 225, 228, 233: + African famine relief, and, 210, 218, + 221, 223, 240, 244 + Memorandum prepared by, 283, 285 + + Levitsky, Melvyn, 37, 58, 334, 376 + Lewis, Andrew “Drew,” Jr., 158, 165 + Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) (LDP, Jimintō), 187 + Liberia, 35, 90, 256 + Libya, 35, 46, 135, 243, 250 + Liechtenstein, 35 + Ligachev, Yegor, 101 + Lindstrom, Ralph, 245 + Lister, George, 50 + Li, Wang, 294 + Long, Bill, 12, 13, 15, 282, 360 + Longmyer, Kenneth, 346 + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 59, 80 + Lopez Portillo, Jose, 266, 271 + Losey, James, 352, + 362 + Lowe, Mary Frances, 273 + Lubbers, Rudolphus, 186, 190 + Ludwizeski, Ralph, 337 + Luxembourg, 35, 157, 159, 191, 352, 362 + Lyman, Princeton, 224, 235, 243 + Lynch, James, 214 + Lyng, Richard, 254, + 369, 370, + 372 + Lyon, Dave, 12, 13 + + Macau, 35 + MacDonald, Donald, 130 + Mack, J. Curtis, 340, 343 + Madagascar, 216, + 256 + Madrid CSCE Review Conference, 55, 60, 62, 64 + Magana, Alvaro, 69 + Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management + Act (1976), 126, 194, 195, 302, 307, 310, 312, 318, 326, 343, 344, 345 (see also + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979); + Pelly Amendment (1978)) + Maher, Kevin, 332 + Malawi, 35, 256 + Malaysia, 35, 95, 362 + Maldives, 35 + Mali, 35, 203, 226, 237, 245, 256 + Malone, James, 3, + 56, 115, 151, 158, 173, 198, 284, 289, 290, 304, 351: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 126, 143, + 156, 194, 261, 302, 350 + Briefing Memorandum prepared by, 119, 124, + 137, 267 + Information Memorandum prepared by, + 291, 310 + International population policy, and, + 269, 283 + Memorandum prepared by, 125, 136, + 197, 271, 275 + Oceans policy, and, 127, 131, + 132, 138, 149, 174, 175, + 182, 199 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 349, 352 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), representative to, 121, 129, + 130, 135, 139, 144, 146, + 147, 148, 152, 160, 165 + + Malta, 35 + Mann, Jonathan, 5, + 6, 22 + Mansfield, Charles, Jr., 187, 342, 352 + Mansfield, William, 356, 358 + Marcos, Ferdinand, 84 + Maresca, John, 337 + Marine environment, 122, 335: + Pollution control and, 126, 154, + 161, 162 + Scientific research and, 126, 133, + 162, 186, 194, 195 + + Marine Mammal Commission, 343, 344, 346 + Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972), 195, 333 + Maritime claims, 120, 133, 192, 200, 201: + Coastal states, associated with, 114, 122, + 125, 162, 194, 195, 196, + 200 + + Marshall, Harry, Jr., 119, 121, 145, 186, 198, 291, 351, 360: + Information Memorandum prepared by, + 152, 311 + + Martens, Wilfried, 180 + Martin, Gene, 333 + Martin, Karen, 14 + Martin, William F., 296 + Mason, James, 6, 28 + Mass migration, 241, 284: + Eritrea and, 230, 242, 250 + + Mathiesen, Matthías, 322, 326, 332: + Shultz, George + correspondence with, 328 + meeting with, 329 + + + Matlock, Jack, 33, + 96, 100 + Matthews, Gary, 71, + 100 + Matz, William, Jr., 334 + Mauritania, 35, 203, 226, 227, 245 + Mauritius, 35, 256, 258 + Mazebo, P., 6 + Mbendi, N., 6 + McCormack, Richard, 238 + McCormick, Joseph “Joe,” 4, 5, 6 + McDaniel, Rodney, 253 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” 56, 71, 158, 221, 236, 280, 282, 283, 284: + African famine relief, and, 219, 226, + 228 + International population policy, views + on, 278, 285 + Memorandum prepared by, 70, 73, + 210, 217 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 216, 233 + + McGovern, Daniel, 327, 328, 337 + McGuire, Elizabeth, 295 + McKee, Alan, 304 + McKinley, Brunson, 71, 282, 284, 350 + McLeod, Mary, 169 + McMahon, John, 214 + McManaway, Clayton, 55, 273 + McManus, Michael, 160 + McMinn, Douglas, 223, 240 + McNeil, Francis, 21 + McPherson, M. Peter, 24, 207, 210, 217, 229, 254, 262, 269, 274, 280, 298: + African famine relief, and, 204, 220, + 221, 222, 223, 225, 228, + 234, 237, 244, 258 + International population policy, views + on, 263, 264, 265, 276, 282, + 285, 294, 297, 300 + Memorandum prepared by, 212, 227, + 235, 252, 277, 282, 297, + 300 + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, meeting + with, 226 + Reagan, Ronald, report to, 259 + + Meese, Edwin “Ed,” 89, 134, 146, 149, 155, 176, 226, 228, 283, 366, 367, 372: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 363, 369 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 127, 135, + 136, 137, 158, 175, 193 + + Meiman, Naum, 96 + Melaragno, Anthony, 36 + Mengistu Haile Mariam, 226: + Cross-border relief efforts, and, 230, 239, + 250 + Soviet Union-Ethiopia relations, and, + 231, 232, 242, 243, 247, + 249 + + Merrill, Philip, 131 + Mexico, 35, 47, 90, 102, 105, 256, 261, 263, 266, 279, 280, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Mexico City Declaration on Population + and Development (1984), 290 + Population increase, and, 273, 282, + 287 + + Meyer, Herbert, 125, 126 + Meyer, Richard, 253 + MFN. See + Most Favored Nation status + Michalak, Michael, 302, 304 + Micronesia, Federated States of, 191 + Middle East, 18, + 39, 84, 95, 104, 273, 287: + Soviet Union and, 95, 97 + + Milam, William, 258 + Milekhin, Gennadiy, 107 + Miller, James, 17, + 26, 254 + Miller, James C., 360, 372 + Minerals and metals, 116, 117, 131, 133: + Continental shelf access to, 122, 176, + 194, 195 + International waters, located in, 154, 162 + Polymetallic sulfides, 142, 154, + 169, 173, 195 + Sea bed mining, 114, 115, 118, 119, + 120, 121, 122, 130, 149 + + Minke whales, 333, + 343: + Catch quota, 307, 308, 311, 317, + 318, 321, 322, 326, 340, + 345 + + Missionaries of Charity, 250, 253 + Mitterand, François, 78, 135, 143, 175, 179, 190: + Rumsfeld, Donald, meeting with, 180 + + Mochary, Mary, 31 + Mongolia, 35, 84 + Montagnier, Luc, 6 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete + the Ozone Layer (1988): + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions included in, 357, 358, 360, + 361, 362, 363, 364, 367, + 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, + 373, 374, 375 + Developing countries and, 356, 361, + 372, 373, 374, 375 + Environmental research included in, + 355, 362, 364 + Negotiations, 362, 373, 374 + Treaty ratification, 376 + United Nations Environment Programme + and, 356, 358, 362, 364, 373, + 376 + United States member of, 356, 358, + 362, 373, 374, 375, 376 + Verification and verification + protocols, 368, 374 + + Morgunbladid, 324 + Morocco, 35, 47, 82, 260, 266, 273, 352 + Morris, Richard, 52 + Moscow Summit (1988), 106, 109, 112 + Mosedale, Lee, 14 + Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 58 + Mousky, Stafford, 276 + Mozambique, 35, 39, 203, 205, 225, 226, 227, 243, 259 + Mubarak, Hosni, 271, 273 + Mubiay, Tshibasu, 5, + 6 + Mueller, Richard, 338, 353 + Multilateral development bank, 53, 54, 66 + Murazumi, Yasushi, 305, 307, 308: + Baldrige, Malcolm, correspondence + with, 308 + + Murphy, Daniel, 138 + Murphy, Kathleen, 108 + Murphy, Richard, 110 + + Nabokov, Vladimir, 93 + Nairobi, 19, 82 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, 187, 190, 303: + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 185 + Rumsfeld, Donald, meeting with, 187 + + Nalen, Craig, 254 + Namibia, 35, 47, 57, 191 + Nance, James “Bud,” 135, 137, 138, 263 + National Academy of Sciences, 34, 273 + National Aeronautics and Space + Administration, 355, 362: + Environmental research, and, 352, 364 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), and, 350 + + National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 230, 232 + National Catholic Documentary Service, 261, 266 + National Center for Health Statistics, 7 + National Conference on Soviet Jewry, 108 + National Environmental Policy Act (1969), + 350, 355 + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious + Diseases, 6 + National Institutes of Health, 4, 10, 13, 23, 261, 369: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 24 + International population policy, and, + 273 + + National Intelligence Council, 34 + National liberation movements, 122, 126, 127, 133: + Group of 77 and, 123 + Law of the sea and, 140, 150, + 166 + + National Marine Fisheries Service, 333, 340 + National Oceanic and Atmospheric + Administration, 325, 340, 350, 362, 369: + Commercial whaling policy, views on, + 315, 326, 327, 332, 333, + 347 + Environmental research, and, 355, 364 + U.S.-Iceland relations, and, 337, 346 + U.S.-Norway relations, and, 319 + + National Science Foundation, 133, 137, 176, 195 + National Security Council (NSC), 89, 109, 118, 132, 133, 136, 146, 163, 164, 182, 190, 223, 261, 268, 282, 288, 296, 331, 337, 346, 364, 367: + Abortion, views on, 286 + African famine relief, and, 205, 210, + 218, 227, 233, 235, 236, + 237, 242, 249, 251, 256 + Commercial whaling policy, views on, + 330, 334, 347 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 238, 240, + 244, 246 + Human rights, and, 101 + International population policy, and, + 263, 264, 269, 274, 283, + 285, 286 + Meeting minutes, 138, 165 + Oceans policy, views on, 126, 135, + 137, 139, 141, 150, 158, + 168, 171, 174, 175, 202 + Paper prepared in, 278, 286, 361 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 178 + + National Security Decision Directive: + NSDD 143, “U.S. Third World Hunger + Relief: Emergency Assistance,” 221 + NSDD 156, “U.S. Third World Food Aid: + A ’Food for Progress’ Program,” 236 + NSDD 167, “Food for Progress Program + Implementation,” 246 + NSDD 200, “Freedom of Navigation + Program,” 200 + NSDD 20, “United States Law of the Sea + Policy,” 140 + NSDD 43, “United States Law of the Sea + Policy,” 168 + NSDD 58, “United States Oceans Policy + and Law of the Sea,” 176 + NSDD 72, “United States Program for + the Exercise of Navigation and Overflight Rights at Sea,” + 192 + NSDD 83, “United States Oceans Policy, + Law of the Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone,” 196 + + National Security Study Directive: + NSSD 1-84, “U.S. Third World Hunger + Relief,” 218 + NSSD 3-86, “U.S. Support for Economic + Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa,” 255 + + NATO. See + North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + Natural Resources Defense Council, 355, 356 + Nauru, 35 + Naval Air Station Keflavik, 324, 326, 346: + National security interests, related + to, 330, 331, 332, 334, 336, + 347 + + Nazism, 47, 57, 82, 84 + NBC. See + National Broadcasting + Company + Negroponte, John, 25, 297, 319, 338, 359, 366: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 332, 355, + 360, 364 + AIDS Working Group meeting, + participant in, 12 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 12, 337 + + Neier, Ari, 44, 45, 48 + Nepal, 35, 273, 284, 286 + Netherlands, 35, + 61, 63, 110, 141, 147, 180, 191, 239, 260, 271, 273, 299, 352, 356, 362: + Netherlands-Venezuela Boundary Treaty + (1978), 186 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 142, 143, 169, + 197, 198, 199 + Sea bed mining, and, 133 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 145, 157, + 159, 183, 190 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 47, 57, 76, 90 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 171, 179 + + Netherlands Antilles, 35 + New Caledonia, 35 + Newell, Gregory, 67, + 69, 276, 288, 292, 295 + New international economic order, 133, 136, 288: + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982), and, 180 + + Newlin, Michael, 31, + 41 + Newman, Frank, 44, + 363 + New York Times, 13, 52, 88, 119, 174, 212, 232, 366 + New Zealand, 35, + 123, 145, + 147, 162, + 165, 195, + 346, 352, + 358, 362, + 373 + Nicaragua, 9, 35, 84, 350 + Niger, 35, 225, 226, 237, 245 + Nigeria, 19, 35, 262, 266, 275, 352, 356, 358, 362: + Population increase, and, 260, 261, + 273, 275 + + Nimeiri, Jaafar, 229, 237, 243 + Nimetz, Matthew, 45 + Niskanen, William, 135 + Nitze, Paul, 59 + Nixon, Richard, 67, + 72, 261, 263, 264, 273 + Nongovernmental organizations, 48, 57, 63, 84, 102, 239, 250, 259, 275, 286, 290, 291, 326, 350, 359 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), + 13, 73, 107, 112, 119, 122, 177, 178, 179, 273, 328, 329, 332 (see also + U.S.-NATO relations): + Human rights, and, 42, 63, 64, 65 + Soviet Union, relations with, 65, 74, + 82 + U.S.-NATO relations, 39, 46, + 47, 54, 63, 64, 70, 71, 101, + 106, 318, 324, 331, 334, + 336 + + North Korea, 35, + 45 + North-South issues, 287 + Norway, 35, 63, 65, 73, 74, 90, 145, 147, 162, 165, 195, 260, 299, 316, 326, 346, 352, 356, 362: + Commercial whaling moratorium, + response to, 304, 314, 317, + 318, 319, 320, 323, 334 + International Whaling Commission, + participant in, 303, 314, 317, + 321 + Pelly Amendment (1978), applied to, + 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, + 333 + Scientific whaling, participant in, + 323 + Whaling industry, 303, 314, 317, 318, + 320 + + NSC. See + National Security Council + Nudel, Ida, 96 + + Ocean energy, 122, + 133, 195 + Ocean technology, 122, 138, 154 + Office of Management and Budget, 16, 118, 138, 165, 176, 256, 274, 355, 360: + African famine relief, and, 210, 215, + 218, 221, 223, 234, 235, + 258 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 237, + 238, 240, 244, 246 + Oceans policy, and, 115, 164, + 168, 171, 195, 202 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 350, 367 + Population programs, and, 267, 294 + + Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, + 219, 223 + Oil, 161, 165, 273, 317: + Oil prices, 287 + + Olympic Games (1984), 237, 287 + Oman, 35 + O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 282 + Organization for Economic Cooperation and + Development, 287, 349, 352, 356, 362 + Organization of African Unity, 352 + Organization of American States, 83 + Organization of the Petroleum Exporting + Countries, 287, 299 + Ostrander, Nancy, 300 + Otto, Allan, 14 + Outer Space Treaty (1967), 146 + Overflight clearance, 135, 156, 159, 162, 164, 166, 170, 175, 180: + Freedom of navigation, related to, + 114, 115, 120, 122, 191, + 192, 194, 195, 196, 200 + + Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 256, 258 + Ozone layer protection policy: + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, 357, 358, 360, + 361, 362, 363, 364, 367, + 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, + 373, 374, 375 + Circular 175 (1982), 350, 355, + 360 + Department of Commerce views on, 359, 367, + 371 + Department of State and, 357, 359, + 365, 367, 371 + Environmental Protection Agency role + in, 349, 357, 359, 365, 368 + Environmental research contribution + to, 351, 354, 363, 369, 371 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That + Deplete the Ozone Layer (1988), 356, 358, 362, 373, + 374, 375, 376 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 349, 352, 357, 360, 361, + 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, + 370, 371, 372, 375 + Skin cancer, impact on, 368, 369, + 370, 371 + United States aerosols ban (1978), + 352, 355, 363, 368, 370, + 371 + U.S. Congress role in, 357, 363, + 364, 366, 367, 369, 370, + 371 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), 349, + 350, 352, 353, 357, 371 + + + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979): + Baldrige, Malcolm and, 302, 307, + 311, 333, 345 + Economic sanctions related to, 302, 304, + 306, 309, 310, 315, 333, + 334, 337, 340, 344 + Exclusive economic zone and, 316, 334, + 343 + Iceland, applied to, 315, 316, + 318, 328, 329, 332, 333, + 334 + Japan, applied to, 306, 307, 310, 316, + 337, 340, 343, 344 + Soviet Union, applied to, 312, 325, + 345 + U.S. Congress and, 302, 318 + + Packwood, Robert, 309, 337 + Pakistan, 35, 39, 47, 54, 82, 90, 95, 177, 261, 266, 273, 282 + Palazhchenko, Pavel, 86, 109 + Palestine, 47, 84, 183 + Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 35, 57, 123, 166 + Palme, Olof, 33, + 73, 74 + Palmer, Robie Marcus Hooker “Mark,” 44, 45, 52, 62, 311 + Palmer, Stephen, Jr., 43, 44, 48, 49, 50 + Palsson, Thorsteinn, 337, 339: + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, + 335, 338 + + Panama, 35, 39 + Papua New Guinea, 35 + Paraguay, 35, 39, 41, 47, 53, 57 + Paris Club, 256, + 258, 259 + Parris, Mark, 23, + 86, 103, 107 + Pascoe, Boris “Lynn,” 311 + Passage, David, 25, + 29, 30, 31 + Pasternak, Boris, 93 + Patolichev, Nikolai, 311 + Paulson, Michael, 349 + PDRY. See + People’s Democratic Republic of + Yemen + Peace Corps, 18, + 27, 210, 218, 226, 236, 258 + Pearlman, Donald, 360 + Pell, Claiborne, 195 + Pelly Amendment (1978), 338: + Baldrige, Malcolm and, 307, 311, + 318, 319, 323, 330, 333, + 337, 345 + Economic sanctions related to, 304, 306, + 310, 314, 315, 317, 318, + 319, 321, 323, 333, 334, + 336, 337, 344 + General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade + (1947) and, 310, 311, 314, + 318, 319, 323, 333 + Iceland, applied to, 315, 316, + 328, 329, 331, 332 + Japan, applied to, 306, 307, 310, 316, + 340, 343, 344 + Norway, applied to, 317, 318, + 319, 320, 321, 333 + Reagan, Ronald and, 310, 318, + 319, 320, 330, 333, 334, + 336, 337, 343 + Soviet Union, applied to, 312, 325, + 345 + U.S. Congress and, 302, 312, 318, 319, + 323, 336, 343, 344 + U.S.-Norway relations and, 304, 306, + 310, 314, 317, 318, 319 + + Pentecostalists issue (1983), 59: + Human rights, 49, 80 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 49, 59, + 68, 80, 87 + + People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), + 250 + People’s Republic of China. See + China + Percy, Charles, 271, 282 + Peres, Shimon, 79 + Perestroika, 93, + 107, 111 + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 226, 229, 230, 232, 241, 243, 290 + Perez, William, 56 + Perina, Rudolf, 109 + Perito, Robert, 52 + Perlow, Howard, 328, 329, 332, 333, 338, 339 + Persian Gulf, 35 + Peru, 35, 57, 105, 117, 123, 145, 188, 189, 191, 284, 286, 303, 314, 352, 373 + Peterson, Michael, 36 + Phelan, Jack, 14 + Philippines, 21, + 32, 35, 36, 57, 66, 77, 90, 123, 273, 284, 352, 356, 358, 373 + Pickford, David, 162, 164, 273 + Pierce, Samuel, Jr., 370, 372 + Pinochet, Augusto, 73, 74 + Piot, Peter, 6 + Pixley, Burnie, 12, + 13, 14 + Platinum, 154 + Platt, Nicholas, 56, + 252, 296, + 353 + PLO. See + Palestine Liberation + Organization + Poindexter, John, 175, 185, 233, 285, 353: + African famine relief, role in, 227, 228, + 244, 252 + Memorandum prepared by, 251, 254, + 255 + + Poland, 35, 47, 54, 69, 74, 205, 239, 362: + Polish martial law (1981–1983), 57, 59, + 62, 64, 69 + Solidarity, 58, 63 + + Policy Planning Staff (S/P), 53, 79, 87, 95 + Policy Review Group, 92, 337 + Politburo, 35, 95, 99, 101, 250: + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 88 + + Political disappearances, 39: + Argentina associated with, 41, 42, + 47, 48, 57 + Human rights and, 44, 69, 82, 84 + + Political prisoners, 52, 88: + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + and, 92, 99, 100, 106, 111 + Soviet Union, and, 93, 94, 97, 101, + 102 + + Pollution control, 117, 122, 133, 166, 170: + Air pollution, 355, 364, 368 + Clean Air Act (1963), 364, 367, + 369, 371 + Clean Water Act (1977), and, 194, 195, + 370 + Marine environment, and, 126, 154, + 161, 162 + + Ponticelli, Charlotte, 195 + Pope John Paul II, 62, 63, 230, 261: + Benedick, Richard, meeting with, 272 + + Population increase, 270: + Developing countries + and, 272, 283, 284, 286 + in, 260, 261, 262, 263, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 283, 284, 286, 287, 290 + + Economic development, impact on, 261, 262, + 271, 272, 273, 278, 279, + 280, 281, 284, 286, 287, + 290 + Egypt and, 271, 273, 282, 284 + Fertility regulation, 260, 262, + 266, 268, 273, 278, 286, + 287, 290 + Mexico and, 273, 282, 287 + Nigeria and, 260, 261, 273, 275 + Turkey and, 271, 273, 282, 284, + 286 + + Population programs: + Agency for International Development + and, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, + 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, + 276, 277, 278, 282, 293, + 294, 296, 297, 298, 299 + Biomedical research, 266, 273, + 275, 284, 286 + Catholic Church views on, 261, 266, + 272 + China and, 276, 277, 293, 294, + 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 + Developing countries and, 262, 271 + Office of Management and Budget and, + 267, 294 + Population decline, 268 + United Nations Fund for Population + Activities and, 260, 271, 300 + United Nations, 270, 284, 287, 298 + United States and, 262, 263, 264, 266, + 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, + 278, 279, 284, 286, 287, + 291, 298, 300 + U.S. Congress and, 263, 267, 271, 273, + 277, 278, 291, 297, 298 + + Portugal, 35, 356, 358, 373 + Posner, Michael, 44, + 45 + Poverty, 212, 219, 251, 254, 256 + Powell, Colin, 37, + 337, 341, + 347, 376 + Pravda, 33 + Pre-enactment explorers, 169, 173 + Preparatory investment protection, 144, 151, 153, 191: + Department of Commerce and, 143 + Sea bed mining, and, 142, 152, + 157, 162, 169 + + Presidential Decision Memorandum, 131 + Private sector, 209, 210, 213, 218, 256, 262, 275, 286: + Economic development, 251, 252, + 254, 284 + Food aid, role in, 219, 221, 227, 228, + 236, 237, 255, 257, 259 + Free trade zone, 258 + + Private voluntary organizations, 24, 230, 232, 243, 253, 255, 257, 258, 262, 268, 273: + Cross-border relief efforts, 229, 239, + 241 + International donors and, 219, 220, + 224, 226, 229, 239, 250 + Nongovernmental organizations included + in, 239, 250, 259 + + Prostitution, 7, 8, 12, 24, 25, 32, 35, 36 + Provisional Military Government of Socialist + Ethiopia, 204, 206, 224, 229, 237, 257: + Cross-border relief efforts, 226, 231, + 239, 241, 248 + Soviet Union-Ethiopia relations, 232, 242, + 243 + United States, relations with, 206, 229, + 230, 250 + + Psychiatric abuse, 48, 96, 99: + Refuseniks, and, 93, 101, 102 + Soviet Union, and, 54, 57, 69, 77, + 83, 87, 88, 107, 111 + + Public Law 480 (1954): + African famine relief, 220, 221, + 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, + 244, 246, 255 + Department of Agriculture and, 211 + Development Coordination Committee, + 208, 212, 220, 244 + Foreign aid, 208, 219, 220, 221, + 222, 235, 236, 238, 241, + 244, 255, 258 + Title II, 205, 207, 208, 212, + 215, 218, 219, 220, 221, + 235, 253, 258 + + Pugliaresi, Lucian, 330 + Purcell, Jim, 234 + Pym, Francis, 167 + + Qatar, 35, 362 + Quiet diplomacy, 58, + 79, 80, 83, 92: + Department of State and, 53, 54, + 56, 66, 68, 71, 79, 81, 92, + 243 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + role in, 44, 46, 48, 68, 81 + + Quinn, Tom, 4, 90 + + Racial discrimination, 47, 57 + Radio Free Europe, 52, 97, 99, 292 + Radio Liberty, 52, + 95, 97, 99, 292 + Rainbow Navigation, Inc., 324, 331, 334, 337 + RAND Corporation, 179 + Randolph, Florence, 149 + Rapoport, Sheldon, 19 + Rashish, Myer, 40, + 56 + Ratiner, Leigh, 130, 138, 146, 149 + Raub, William, 1 + Raymond, Walter, Jr., 227 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), 39, 47, 73, 75, 77, 83, 88, 101, 210, 212, 218, 219, 221, 228, 246, 255, 258: + Abortion, views on, 267, 278, + 283, 284, 285, 286, 290, + 294 + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 1, 3, 4, 7, 24, 27, 29, + 31, 37 + African Economic Policy Initiative, + 236, 244, 251 + African famine relief, and, 207, 215, + 216, 217, 222, 223, 227, + 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, + 241, 242, 245, 251, 252, + 254, 256, 259 + AIDS Drafting Group, 13 + AIDS Working Group, 11, 12, 18 + Arms control and disarmament, 170, 177, + 178 + Circular 175 (1982), 350, 351, + 355 + Commercial whaling policy, 301, 303, + 307, 317, 318, 320, 321, + 324, 326, 331, 334, 338, + 339, 340 + Department of State role in, 44, 53, + 54, 56, 66, 89, 98, 104 + Development aid, and, 268, 270, + 271, 275, 277, 284, 300 + Environmental policy, and, 133, 154, + 176, 279, 290, 304, 306, + 313, 315, 316, 332, 336, + 352, 354, 356, 359, 368, + 375 + “Food for Progress” Program, 233, 236, + 237, 238, 240, 244, 251, + 255, 256 + “Four-part agenda” and, 85, 92, + 100, 101, 102 + Human rights, and, 40, 41, 43, 45, + 51, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 62, + 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 79, 80, + 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, + 94, 97, 100, 103, 112, + 113 + Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, + 256, 258, 259 + International population policy, 261, 262, + 263, 264, 268, 269, 270, + 272, 274, 278, 279, 283, + 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, + 289, 292, 293, 294, 296, + 298, 299, 300 + Natural resources, and, 116, 117, + 121, 122, 131, 133, 135, + 137, 138, 140, 149, 154, + 162, 166, 194, 195, 278, + 286, 369 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 39, 46, 47, + 54, 63, 70, 71, 101, 106 + Oceans policy, and, 118, 120, + 124, 125, 127, 128, 131, + 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, + 137, 139, 140, 146, 155, + 158, 161, 162, 163, 166, + 168, 173, 176, 179, 182, + 190, 194, 195, 196, 200, + 201, 202 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 349, 352, 357, 360, 361, + 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, + 370, 371, 372, 375 + Political prisoners and, 92, 99, + 100, 106, 111 + Presidential Commission on AIDS, 34, 37 + Public diplomacy, and, 44, 45, + 48, 58, 77, 92, 102 + Quiet diplomacy role in, 44, 46, + 48, 68, 81 + Religious freedom, and, 58, 106, + 107, 109 + Task Force To Help End Hunger in + Africa, 254, 255 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 115, 119, 122, 123, + 126, 129, 130, 143, 145, + 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, + 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, + 159, 169, 188, 191 + Third World Hunger Study, 218, 219, + 221, 238 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, and, 41, 42, 45, + 47, 57, 69, 76, 82, 84, 90, + 91, 105 + United Nations, and, 161, 181, + 183, 193, 292 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 45, 52, + 54, 55, 58, 67, 89, 99, 116, + 117, 121, 122, 124, 128, + 143, 160, 162, 183, 194, + 195, 196, 212, 233, 237, + 244, 280, 297, 302, 329, + 337 + U.S. foreign policy, and, 40, 41, + 42, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 56, + 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, + 71, 72, 80, 81, 113, 122, 123, + 124, 125, 126, 128, 135, + 136, 161, 163, 175, 177, + 178, 179, 201, 204, 205, + 256 + U.S.-Iceland relations, and, 315, 316, + 322, 324, 326, 328, 329, + 330, 334, 335, 336, 337, + 346, 347, 348 + U.S.-Japan relations, and, 302, 303, + 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, + 310, 340, 342, 343, 344 + U.S.-Norway relations, and, 314, 318, + 319, 321, 323 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 49, 54, + 55, 59, 60, 68, 77, 79, 80, + 85, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96, + 97, 99, 102, 107, 108, + 111, 311, 312, 325, 327, + 341 + + Reagan, Nancy, 227 + Reagan, Ronald, 1, + 69, 251, 278, 300, 339, 353, 371: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 28, 31 + African famine relief, and, 205, 223, + 226, 227, 228, 237, 252, + 254, 255, 256 + Commercial whaling policy, views on, + 303, 306, 308, 311, 312, + 323 + Department of State, correspondence + with, 42, 55, 128, 178 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 238, 244, + 246 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, + 80 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 80, 86, + 109 + Human rights, and, 45, 58, 61, 62, + 67, 70, 72, 73, 80, 81, 103, + 111 + International Population Conference + (1984), correspondence with, 279 + Kemp-Kasten Amendment (1985), role in, + 297, 298 + McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” + correspondence with, 216, 233 + Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, + 109 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, correspondence + with, 185 + Oceans policy, and, 116, 127, + 133, 146, 165, 166, 175, + 187, 192, 202 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 364, 365, 366, 367, 370, + 372, 376 + Palsson, Thorsteinn, correspondence + with, 335, 338 + Pelly Amendment (1978), and, 310, 318, + 319, 320, 330, 333, 334, + 336, 337, 343 + Population programs, views on, 267, 268, + 271, 273, 282, 284, 286, + 292 + Public Law 480 (1954), and, 220, 221 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 86 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 92 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, + 112, 113, 143, 172 + Third World Hunger Study, and, 210, 217, + 219 + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982), views on, 138, + 170, 172 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 67, 235, + 336 + + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), 136, 137, 160: + Belgium participant in, 142, 143, + 159, 169, 197, 198, 199 + France participant in, 135, 142, + 143, 162, 167, 169, 173, + 182, 197, 198, 199 + Italy participant in, 142, 143, + 161, 169, 197, 198, 199 + Japan participant in, 116, 142, + 143, 165, 169, 197, 198, + 199 + Netherlands participant in, 142, 143, + 169, 197, 198, 199 + Polymetallic sulfides, and, 142, 154, + 169, 173, 195 + Sea bed mining, 143, 154, 156, 158, + 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, + 166, 167, 168, 171, 176, + 177, 182, 186, 190, 196, + 197, 198, 199 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), impact on, 143, 159, 166, 170, + 173 + United Kingdom participant in, 142, 143, + 165, 166, 169, 173, 179, + 182, 197, 198, 199 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 116, 142, + 143, 160, 161, 163, 165, + 166, 169, 171, 172, 173, + 176, 180, 182, 199 + West Germany participant in, 133, 143, + 146, 159, 161, 167, 169, + 173, 182, 197, 198, 199 + + Redman, Charles, 329 + Refugees, 230: + Civil war impact on, 204, 212, + 220 + Humanitarian assistance, 204, 232, + 237, 239, 243 + Mass migration, 241 + Refugee relief, 203, 220, 229, 232, + 234, 237 + Refugee resettlement, 234 + + Refuseniks, 94, 100, 103, 108, 111: + Psychiatric abuse and, 93, 101, + 102 + + Regan, Donald, 138, + 158, 165, + 210, 217, + 298 + Regional economic integration organizations, + 350, 373, + 374, 375: + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), and, 352 + + Regional Science Officers Conference + (September 1983), 1, 3 + Reinhard, Nancy, 334 + Reinheimer, Gail, 35 + Reis, Robert, 306, + 309, 310 + Relief and Rehabilitation Commission + (Ethiopia), 204, 224, 230, 232 + Republican Party, 133 + Republic of Korea. See + South Korea + Retrovir treatment (AZT), 27 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 86, 102, 329, 335, 338 + Richardson, Eliot, 114, 119 + Richey, Charles, 310 + Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” 79, 88, 92, 93, 94, 99, 103, 111, 332: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 329 + Human rights, views on, 102, 106 + + Ringdahl, Philip, 227, 228, 233, 240: + Memorandum prepared by, 242, 247, + 249 + + Ripert, Jean, 226 + Risque, Nancy, 26, + 28, 365, 369, 370, 375 + Robbins, Helen, 162, 164 + Robertson, William, 11, 12 + Robinson, Davis, 56, + 67, 127 + Robinson, Leonard, 248 + Robinson, Roger, 210 + Rockefeller, David, 267 + Rodman, Peter, 79, + 97, 254, 258, 282 + Rogers, Georgia, 12 + Rogers, R. Ross, 323 + Romania, 35, 48, 58, 110, 159, 162 + Romine, Woodward “Woody,” 45, 50 + Rose, Ann, 12, 13 + Rosenbaum, Jon, 258 + Rosenberg, Alison P., 32, 259 + Rosenthal, Benjamin, 45 + Rostow, Nicholas, 97, 330 + Rouse, John, 25, + 31 + Rowny, Edward, 59 + Royal Air Force, 239 + Ruddy, Francis, 204 + Rumsfeld, Donald, 175, 182, 194: + Kohl, Helmut, meeting with, 180 + Mitterand, François, meeting with, + 180 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, meeting with, 187 + Reagan, Ronald, representative of, + 172, 176, 177, 178, 179, + 185, 186, 187, 190 + Thatcher, Margaret, meeting with, 180 + + Ruppe, Loret M., 210, 217, 254 + Russell, Arthur, 162, 164 + Russian Pentecostals, 111 + Ruti, Kalisa, 5 + Ruwe, L. Nicholas, 324, 326, 329, 334: + Hermannsson, Steingrímur, + correspondence with, 348 + + Rwanda, 25, 35, 90, 203, 256 + + Sadat, Anwar, 261 + Saiers, Larry, 258 + Saint Lucia, 35 + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 35 + Sakharov, Andrei, 47, 58, 61, + 68, 85, 106: + Dissident movements, participant in, + 39, 55, 79, 93 + Hunger strike, 71 + + Salas, Rafael, 276, + 299 + Salmon, 133, 162, 319 + Salmon, John, Jr., 148, 151, 152, 157, 162, 163, 164 + SALT II (1979), 127 + São Tomé and Príncipe, 35 + Sarros, P. Peter, 45, 52 + Saudi Arabia, 35, + 95, 243 + Scharfen, Jonathan “Jock,” 337 + Schell, Orville H., 48 + Schifter, Richard, 87, 100, 104: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 89, 110 + Human rights, and, 88, 93, 94, 96, + 99, 103, 106, 107, 108, + 111 + Information Memorandum prepared by, + 81, 83, 85 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, and, 57, 69, 76, + 77, 84, 90 + + Schmidt, Helmut, 42, + 175, 177 + Schmidt, John, 85 + Schneider, William, Jr., 162, 164, 194, 197, 234, 351: + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138, 165 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 349, 350 + Senior Interagency Group meeting, + participant in, 182 + + Schumaker, James, 65 + Schweiker, Richard, 270 + Science, 6 + Scientific research, 117, 122, 125, 369, 371: + Marine environment, and, 126, 133, + 162, 186, 194, 195 + + Scientific whaling, 327: + Commercial whaling moratorium impact + on, 314, 316, 322, 326, 330, + 346 + Iceland participant in, 313, 315, + 316, 324, 326, 328, 329, + 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, + 337, 338, 339, 346 + International Convention for the + Regulation of Whaling (1946) and, 314, 315, 321, 322, + 332, 335 + Japan participant in, 334, 337, + 340, 342, 343 + Norway participant in, 323 + South Korea participant in, 334, 337 + + Scully, Richard, 304, 309, 322, 343, 345: + Memorandum prepared by, 305, 319 + + Seabed Arms Control Treaty (1971), 117 + Sea bed mining, 118, 130, 149, 199: + International Seabed Authority role + in, 114, 136, 145, 149, 154, + 166, 180, 191 + Italy and, 133, 143, 198, 199 + Japan and, 133, 154, 160, 162, + 187 + Polymetallic sulfides, and, 142, 154, + 169, 173, 195 + Preparatory investment protection and, + 142, 152, 157, 162, 169 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + 143, 154, 156, 158, 159, + 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, + 167, 168, 171, 176, 177, + 182, 186, 190, 196, 197, + 198, 199 + Research and development, 116, 117, + 122, 133, 180 + Soviet Union and, 133, 154 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), and, 115, 116, 119, 120, + 121, 149 + United Kingdom and, 133 + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982), 190, 191, 193, + 196, 197, 198, 200 + United States and, 124, 125, 126, 127, + 128, 129, 131, 132, 135, + 137, 138, 140, 147, 156, + 161, 163, 168, 170, 173, + 179, 181, 185, 193, 194 + + Searby, Robert, 162, 164 + Sea Shepherd Organization, 326 + Security assistance, 267, 271 + Seligmann, Albert, 302 + Sell, Kenneth, 6, + 23 + Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 239 + Senegal, 35, 39, 47, 57, 84, 105, 245, 259, 289, 352 + Seychelles, 35 + Shcharanskiy, Anatoly, 48, 64, 68, 88, 97: + Human rights, and, 49, 55, 79, 87 + + Sherman, Linda, 306 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, 85, 87, 94, 100, 103, 106: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 86 + + Shultz, George, 2, + 3, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24, 65, 66, 67, 83, 85, 89, 94, 95, 99, 170, 180, 194, 198, 206, 210, 217, 254, 274, 285, 304, 305, 313, 315, 331, 337, 352, 372: + African famine relief, and, 228, 243, + 246 + Baldrige, Malcolm, correspondence + with, 306, 312, 320, 332 + Circular 175 (1982), views on, 360, 364 + Commercial whaling policy, and, 310, 317, + 319, 322, 323, 339, 343, + 345, 346 + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 28 + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 68 + Hallgrĭmsson, Geir, correspondence + with, 316 + Human rights violations, response to, + 61, 70, 88 + International population policy, and, + 273, 282, 292, 297 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, + and, 60, 79, 110 + Mathiesen, Matthías + correspondence with, 328 + meeting with, 329 + + Meese, Edwin “Ed,” correspondence + with, 31, 364, 365 + Moscow human rights conference + (proposed), views on, 87, 106 + Oceans policy, and, 173, 174, + 175, 186, 193, 201, 202 + Ozone layer protection policy, and, + 350, 360, 367 + Pentecostalists issue (1983), and, + 59 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 177, 178, 248 + meeting with, 92 + + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant + in, 86 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 75, 81 + + Sierra Leone, 35, + 260 + Sigurjonsson, Johann, 333 + Silver, 154 + Silvestrini, Achille, 62, 63, 272 + Simon, Hugh, Jr., 44, 45, 48, + 49, 51, 52 + Simon, Julian, 282 + Simons, Thomas, 33, + 85, 96, 99, 109 + Sinding, Steven, 293 + Singapore, 35, 119, 282 + Sinitsyn, Sergei, 232 + Skin cancer, 368, + 369, 370, + 371 + Slaughter, John, 158 + Sloan, David M., 306 + Smart, S. Bruce, 337, 359, 360, 370 + Smith, Richard, 17, + 158, 315, + 325, 328, + 338, 346, + 364, 366 + Smith, William French, 138, 165, 202 + Snead, Larry, 311, + 327 + Sofaer, Abraham, 98, + 104, 297, + 298, 315, + 328, 337: + Action Memorandum prepared by, 89, 110, + 202, 332 + Policy Review Group meeting, + participant in, 337 + + Solidarity, 58, 63 + Solomon Islands, 35 + Solomon, Richard, 88, 93, 94, + 95, 99 + Somalia, 35, 90, 203, 243, 250, 256 + Sommer, Peter, 330 + Soos, Helen, 242, + 244, 251 + South Africa, 7, 35, 39, 45, 48, 58, 154: + Apartheid, 47, 57, 69, 84 + + South America, 35, + 91, 284 + Southeast Asia, 35 + Southern Africa, 35, + 203, 287: + Food aid, 205, 207, 208, 210, + 219, 236, 237 + Humanitarian assistance, 227, 256 + + South Korea, 35, + 39, 47, 57, 188, 191, 263, 273, 282, 333: + Scientific whaling, participant in, + 334, 337 + + South West Africa People’s Organization + (SWAPO), 166 + Soviet Union, 35, + 39, 48, 73, 75, 76, 83, 88, 233, 236, 281, 314, 318, 333, 363, 374 (see also + U.S.-Soviet Union relations): + Active measures, 19, 21, 23 + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions, views on, 356, 358, 362, + 373, 375 + Commercial whaling moratorium, + response to, 311, 312, 325, + 327, 334, 341, 345 + Developing countries, and, 64, 82, + 95 + Disinformation, 25, 34 + Economic affairs, and, 88, 93 + Emigration, and, 54, 87, 88, 94, + 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, + 103, 106, 111 + Ethiopia, relations with, 239, 242, + 243, 247, 249, 250 + Foreign policy, 78, 79, 87, 93, + 94, 99, 102, 107, 108 + Group of 77, relations with, 130, 136, + 144, 153 + Human rights, and, 38, 44, 49, 54, + 61, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71, + 74, 80, 81, 85, 87, 93, 94, + 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 106, 107, + 108, 112 + International Population Conference + (1984), participant in, 284, 287, 289, + 292 + Islamic issues, and, 95 + Legal reform, 102, 111 + Middle East, and, 95, 97 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 65, 74, 82 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + applied to, 312, 325, 345 + Pelly Amendment (1978), applied to, + 312, 325, 345 + Political prisoners and, 93, 94, + 97, 101, 102 + Propaganda, allegations of, 9, 19, 21, 23, + 30, 33, 58, 79, 97, 112 + Psychiatric abuse and, 54, 57, + 69, 77, 83, 87, 88, 107, 111 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 49, 54, 55, + 59, 60, 68, 77, 79, 80, 85, + 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96, 97, + 99, 102, 107, 108, 111, + 230, 231, 232 + Refugee resettlement, and, 17 + Refuseniks, response to, 79, 87, + 93, 94, 99, 100 + Religious freedom, 58, 83, 87, 92, + 93, 94, 95, 99, 102, 106, 107, + 109, 111 + Russian Orthodox Church, 107, 109 + Sea bed mining, and, 133, 154 + Social reform, 93, 113 + Soviet government reform, 93, 102, + 107 + Soviet intelligentsia, 93, 97 + Soviet invasion/occupation of + Afghanistan, 46, 54, 58, 95, 99 + Supreme Soviet, 79, 80, 94, 96 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), role in, 123, 124, 145, 151, + 156, 159, 161, 162, 191 + United Nations Population Commission, + member of, 260, 261 + United Nations, and, 183 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), member of, 352 + Whaling industry, 303, 311, 312, 325, + 327, 345 + + S/P. See + Policy Planning Staff + Spain, 35, 48, 61, 157, 159, 188, 189, 191, 195, 326, 352, 356, 358 + Speakes, Larry, 1 + Speidel, J. Joseph, 265 + Sperm whales: + Catch quota, 302, 306, 308 + Japan and, 302, 305, 306, 307, + 308 + + Spiers, Ronald, 20, + 275, 289 + Spradley, Julian Roy “J.R.,” 361 + Sprinkel, Beryl, 26, + 28, 363, 367, 369, 370 + Sri Lanka, 35, 90, 119, 260, 273 + Stacy, Roy, 25, 252, 258 + Stalin, Joseph, 66, + 88, 93, 99 + Stanford, John, 162, 164, 273 + Stang, David, 149 + Stanley, Dennis, 162, 164 + Stevens, Ted, 195 + Stockman, David, 158, 210, 217, 270 + Stoessel, Walter, 49, 51, 56, + 124, 127, + 262, 302: + Human rights, and, 53, 60, 61, 62, + 63, 64, 65, 70, 71, 73 + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 165 + Oceans policy, and, 152 + + Stohr, 373, 374 + Stolar, Abe, 109 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), + 59 + Stratospheric Ozone Protection Plan, 355 + Stray, Svenn, 317 + Streator, Edward, 356 + Stryker, Jeffrey, 15 + Stuart, 314, 321 + Sub-Saharan Africa: + Agricultural production, 256, 259 + Bush, George H.W. visit to, 227, 237 + Civil war, 256 + Economic growth, 236, 244, 246, 252, + 254, 255, 256, 259 + + Sudan, 35, 203, 225, 226, 234, 237, 249, 256: + Airlift, 235, 239 + Cross-border relief efforts, 204, 229, + 230, 232, 239, 241, 243, + 250, 253 + + Sukhodrev, Viktor, 33, 109 + Supreme Court, 334, + 337, 347 + Surena, Andre, 52, + 67 + Suriname, 35 + Sussman, Leonard, 52 + Suzuki, Zenko, 141, + 175, 179, + 185, 266, + 303 + Svahn, John A., 251, 254, 278, 296: + International population policy, and, + 282, 283, 285 + + Swanson, Dean, 333 + SWAPO. See + South West Africa People’s + Organization + Swaziland, 35, 205, 256 + Sweden, 35, 65, 73, 74, 145, 147, 250, 271, 301, 346, 352, 356, 362 + Sweet, Robert, 26, + 28, 363, 365 + Switzerland, 35, + 65, 70, 71, 123, 162, 191, 322, 352, 356, 362 + Syria, 35, 45, 47, 57, 82, 104 + + Taelman, Henry, 6 + Taft, William H. IV., 26, 117, 363, 369, 370 + Taiwan, 35, 282 + Tanter, Raymond, 138 + Tanzania, 25, 35, 84, 203, 205, 256, 273 + Task Force To Help End Hunger in Africa, 254, 255: + Paper prepared by, 256, 259 + + TASS. See + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet + Union + Taylor, Maxwell, 267 + Technology transfer, 147, 162: + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982), included in, 114, 116, 121, 126, + 135, 149, 186 + + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS, + Telegraphnoye Agentstvo Sovyetskogo + Soyvza), 21 + Territorial sea limit, 123, 162, 170, 175, 176, 188, 336: + Exclusive economic zone, and, 194, 195 + Freedom of navigation, impact on, 117, 120, + 122, 160, 192, 200, 201, + 202 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 133, 186 + + Thailand, 35, 157, 159, 162, 166, 260, 263, 273, 282, 358 + Thatcher, Margaret, 42, 64, 106, 141, 175, 179, 184, 190, 227: + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 112, 113, + 143, 172 + Rumsfeld, Donald, meeting with, 180 + + Thayer, Scott, 11, + 12, 364 + Third United Nations Conference on the Law of + the Sea (1973–1982), 114, 116, 122, 156, 160, 195: + Belgium and, 157, 188, 190, 191 + Canada participant in, 145, 147, + 162, 165, 188, 191 + Developed countries role in, 122, 141, + 142, 145 + Eastern Bloc states and, 123, 130, + 136, 189, 198 + France participant in, 119, 133, + 144, 145, 146, 152, 159, + 165, 186, 191 + Group of 77 and, 124, 128, 129, 135, + 143, 152, 156 + Italy participant in, 145, 152, + 159, 189, 191 + Japan participant in, 119, 144, + 145, 152, 188, 190, 191 + Koh, Tommy Thong-Bee chair of, 124, 152, + 153, 156, 157, 189 + Netherlands participant in, 145, 157, + 159, 183, 190 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 115, 119, 122, 123, 126, + 129, 130, 143, 145, 147, + 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, + 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, + 169, 188, 191 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982) + impact on, 143, 159, 166, + 170, 173 + Sea bed mining and, 115, 116, + 119, 120, 121, 149 + Soviet Union role in, 123, 124, + 145, 151, 156, 159, 161, + 162, 191 + United Kingdom participant in, 119, 123, + 124, 144, 145, 146, 152, + 159, 162, 186, 188, 189, + 191 + United States Mission at the United + Nations report on, 144, 153, 189 + United States participant in, 115, 120, + 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, + 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, + 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, + 162, 164, 165, 168, 200 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations related + to, 117, 124, 191 + West Germany participant in, 119, 123, + 124, 144, 145, 152, 153, + 162, 165, 189, 191 + + Third World. See + Developing countries + Thomas, Charles, 110, 328 + Thomas, Lee, 365, + 372: + Environmental Protection Agency, head + of, 359, 375 + Ozone layer protection policy, views + on, 363, 364, 367, 369, 370 + + Thompson, Harold, 6, + 13, 228 + Thorn, Gaston, 186 + Thurmond, Strom, 67, + 72 + Tigray, 204, 230, 242: + Cross-border relief efforts, recipient + of, 229, 233, 239, 241, 257 + + Tillman, Michael, 333, 340, 346 + Todman, Terence, 63 + Togo, 35, 90, 203 + Tokio Ono, 342 + Tolba, Mostafa, 352, 356, 362, 373, 374 + Tonga, 35 + Toronto Group, 352 + Trade Policy Review Group, 344 + Transit passage, 117, 160, 162, 188, 191: + Archipelagic claims and, 114, 120, + 122, 133, 192, 200 + + Tresselt, Per, 314, + 317 + Trinidad and Tobago, 35 + Trudeau, Pierre, 65 + Truman, Harry S., 67, 72 + Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 126, 191 + Tull, Theresa, 45, + 48 + Tuna, 127, 133, 162, 194, 195, 196 + Tunisia, 35, 263, 273, 352, 373, 374 + Turkey, 35, 52, 95, 157, 159, 162, 166, 188, 189, 191, 263, 275: + Population increase, and, 271, 273, + 282, 284, 286 + + Turks and Caicos Islands, 35 + Tuvalu, 35 + + Udgaard, Nils, 318 + Ueberroth, Peter, 237 + Uganda, 57, 203: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + and, 10, 25, 35 + Biomedical research, and, 10 + + Uhlmann, Michael, 146, 160 + Ukraine, 80, 82, 94, 103, 107, 109, 260, 352 + Ultraviolet radiation, 355, 368 + UN. See + United Nations + UNFPA. See + United Nations Fund for Population + Activities + UNHRC. See + United Nations Human Rights + Commission + UNICEF. See + United Nations Childrens + Fund + United Arab Emirates, 35 + United Kingdom, 10, + 35, 61, 63, 64, 74, 87, 122, 141, 153, 157, 171, 183, 271, 273, 299, 324, 326, 346, 352, 356, 362, 363, 373: + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 142, 143, 165, + 166, 169, 173, 179, 182, + 197, 198, 199 + Sea bed mining, and, 133 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 119, 123, + 124, 144, 145, 146, 152, + 159, 162, 186, 188, 189, + 191 + UK-Icelandic Cod Wars, 324, 336 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 57, 82, 84, 90 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 151, 161, 167, 172, 180, + 184, 190 + + United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) + United Nations Conference on Law of the Sea. + See + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982) + United Nations Conference on the Human + Environment (1972), 301 + United Nations Convention on the Law of the + Sea (1982), 151, 162, 163, 170: + Conflict resolution, 123, 126, + 133, 195 + Draft Convention, 114, 115, 116, 118, + 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, + 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, + 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, + 136, 138, 147, 148, 149, + 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, + 159, 189 + Exclusive economic zone, and, 114, 145, + 186, 192, 194, 196 + Final Act, 188, 191 + New international economic order and, + 180 + Preparatory Commission, 158, 160, + 161, 181, 182, 183, 186, + 189, 190, 193, 197, 198 + Sea bed mining, 190, 191, 193, 196, + 197, 198, 200 + Technology transfer included in, 114, 116, + 121, 126, 135, 149, 186 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 126, 130, + 138, 144, 151, 156, 164, + 166, 167, 168, 179, 183, + 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, + 196 + + United Nations Declaration of the Rights of + the Child (1959), 278, 286 + United Nations Environment Programme, 354, 361, 367: + Conference of Plenipotentiaries for + Protection of the Ozone Layer, associated with, 350, 352, + 368 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That + Deplete the Ozone Layer (1988), and, 356, 358, 362, 364, + 373, 376 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), and, 352, 353, 355 + + United Nations Fund for Population Activities + (UNFPA), 291: + Abortion, and, 268, 273, 276, 277, + 286, 290, 293, 294, 297, + 298, 299 + Agency for International Development, + and, 261, 262, 296, 300 + Japan contribution to, 273, 299 + Population programs, and, 260, 271, + 300 + + United Nations Human Rights Commission + (UNHRC), 44, 60, + 64, 77: + Canada participant in, 39, 47, + 57 + Denmark participant in, 39, 47, + 57 + Department of State and, 39 + Economic development, and, 82 + France participant in, 39, 42, + 48, 57, 90 + Human rights violations, and, 47, 76, + 77, 105 + Israel participant in, 39, 84 + Japan participant in, 39, 57, + 90 + Netherlands participant in, 39, 47, + 57, 76, 90 + Political disappearances, and, 39, 42, + 57, 69 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 41, 42, 45, 47, 57, 69, 76, + 82, 84, 90, 91, 105 + United Kingdom participant in, 39, 57, + 82, 84, 90 + West Germany participant in, 39, 47, + 57 + Yugoslavia participant in, 77, 82 + + United Nations Population Commission, 262, 266: + Soviet Union member of, 260, 261 + United States Mission at the United + Nations report on, 260 + + United Nations (UN), 146, 230, 257, 259, 275, 288 (see + also + United Nations Human Rights + Commission): + African famine relief, and, 226, 230, + 232, 239, 241, 254, 255 + First United Nations Conference on the + Least Developed Countries (1981), 273 + Funding, 181, 183, 189, 193, + 293, 294, 297, 299 + Human rights, 45, 52, 54, 58, + 90, 91, 105 + National liberation movements, 123, 126, + 127, 133, 140 + Population programs, 270, 284, + 287, 298 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 161, 181, 183, 193, 292 + Soviet Union and, 183 + United Nations Childrens Fund, 205, 226 + United Nations Development Programme, + 226, 256, 259, 273, 296, + 299 + United Nations Disaster Relief + Organization, 207 + United Nations Economic and Social + Council, 39, 47, 57, 84, 90, + 260, 261, 288 + United Nations Food and Agriculture + Organization, 219, 256, 261 + United Nations General Assembly, 39, 47, + 57, 63, 65, 69, 76, 77, 82, + 84, 90, 117, 181, 183, + 189, 255, 256 + United Nations Industrial Development + Organization, 352 + United Nations Security Council, 191, 350 + United States Mission at the United + Nations, 226, 229, 230, 235, 272, + 290, 292, 299, 358, 362 + World Conference for Women (1985), + 295 + + United States (see + also + U.S.-Iceland relations; U.S.-Japan relations; U.S.-Norway relations; U.S.-Soviet Union relations): + African famine relief, and, 207, 215, + 216, 217, 227, 232, 234, + 236, 238, 241, 242, 245, + 246, 251, 252, 254, 256, + 259 + Air pollution, contribution to, 355, 364, + 368 + Anti-terrorism measures, 40, 42, + 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 100 + Arab-Israeli dispute, and, 47, 84 + Argentina, relations with, 39, 48, + 50, 91 + Austria, relations with, 65, 110 + Belgium, diplomatic relations with, + 127, 162, 166, 171, 179, + 186 + Biomedical research, and, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 23, + 24, 25, 34, 35, 266 + Brazil, diplomatic relations with, + 45, 50 + Centers for Disease Control, 2, 8, 12, 19, + 22 + China, relations with, 261, 298 + Commercial whaling moratorium, and, + 309, 311, 315, 318, 319, + 322, 325, 347, 348 + Conference of Plenipotentiaries for + Protection of the Ozone Layer, participant in, 350, 352, + 355 + Discrimination, and, 80, 86, + 109 + Eastern Europe, relations with, 45, 47, + 62, 63 + East-West trade, 179 + El Salvador, diplomatic relations + with, 41, 42, 53, 66, 69, + 77 + Ethiopia, relations with, 243, 250, + 257 + Food surplus, and, 205, 238, 251 + Foreign aid, and, 45, 51, 53, 58, + 206, 207, 209, 214, 219, + 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, + 226, 227, 229, 235, 237, + 239, 243, 246, 247, 253, + 261, 267, 268, 269, 294, + 297 + Foreign policy, and, 40, 42, + 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, + 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, + 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 83, + 88, 99, 101, 113, 122, + 123, 127, 132, 133, 135, + 136, 162, 163, 175, 177, + 178, 179, 195, 201, 210, + 212, 213, 215, 218, 235, + 244, 246, 248, 250, 253, + 255, 261, 266, 268, 270, + 271, 275, 285, 292, 298, + 302, 304, 326, 327, 334, + 335, 336, 337 + France, diplomatic relations with, + 123, 124, 141, 151, 179, + 180, 190 + Group of 77, relations with, 130, 144, + 145, 147, 151, 153, 157, + 160, 162 + Horn of Africa, relations with, 204, 250 + Human rights, and, 40, 41, 42, 45, + 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, 59, 62, + 65, 66, 68, 79, 80, 81, 82, + 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 97, + 100, 103, 109, 112 + Immigration, and, 14, 17, 26, 27, + 28, 31, 35 + Intelligence community, 34 + International Convention for the + Regulation of Whaling (1946), member of, 307, 308, 310, 316, + 340 + International Population Conference + (1984), participant in, 272, 278, 280, + 281, 282, 283, 286, 288 + International population policy, and, + 261, 264, 266, 270, 284, + 287, 295 + International trade, and, 210, 213, + 218, 244, 310, 311, 312, + 314, 316, 318, 321, 323, + 327, 330, 335, 336, 341, + 343, 344, 345 + International Whaling Commission, + participant in, 301, 303, 306, + 314, 324, 326, 328, 329, + 330, 334, 340, 342, 343, + 346, 348 + Islamic issues, and, 95 + Italy, diplomatic relations with, 141, 162, + 171, 179 + Japan, diplomatic relations with, 123, 124, + 159, 185, 187, 357, 363, + 367, 373 + Minerals and metals, access to, 195 + Montreal Protocol on Substances That + Deplete the Ozone Layer (1988), member of, 356, 358, + 362, 373, 374, 375, 376 + National security interests, 212, 218, + 254, 256, 275 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, + relations with, 39, 47, 52, + 54, 63, 64, 65, 70, 71, 106 + Population programs, and, 262, 263, + 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, + 270, 271, 278, 279, 284, + 286, 287, 291, 298, 300 + Provisional Military Government of + Socialist Ethiopia, relations with, 206, 229, 230, 250 + Racism, 47, + 82 + Religious freedom, 47, 57, 80, 109 + Sea bed mining, and, 124, 125, + 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, + 132, 135, 137, 138, 140, + 147, 156, 161, 163, 168, + 170, 173, 179, 181, 185, + 193, 194 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 115, 120, + 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, + 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, + 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, + 162, 164, 165, 168, 200 + Unemployment, and, 79, 101, 109 + United Kingdom, diplomatic relations + with, 151, 161, 167, 172, 180, + 184, 190 + United States aerosols ban (1978), + 352, 355, 363, 368, 370, + 371 + United States Armed Forces, 27 + United States Information Agency, 12, 33, + 77, 105, 210, 218, 250, + 364 + United States Mission at the United + Nations, 39, 41, 42, 47, 57, + 63, 69, 76, 82, 84, 90, 91, + 105, 121, 123, 127, 130, + 135, 138, 144, 148, 152, + 154, 161, 163, 164, 165, + 169, 181, 183, 198, 226, + 229, 230, 235, 260, 272, + 276, 289, 290, 292, 299, + 358, 362 + United States Public Health Service, + 3, 6, + 7, 13, + 23, 27 + U.S. Air Force, 131 + U.S.-NATO relations, 39, 46, + 47, 54, 63, 64, 70, 71, 101, + 106, 236, 237, 318, 324, + 331, 334, 336 + U.S. Navy, 120, 131 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 230, 232, + 250 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), member of, 349, 350, 352, 353, + 357, 371 + West Germany, diplomatic relations + with, 127, 135, 141, 142, 179, + 180, 184, 190, 363, 367 + + United States Public Health Service, 3, 6, 7, 13, 23, 27 + Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), + 93, 107 + Uruguay, 41, 47, 53, 57, 188, 352, 356 + USAID. See + Agency for International + Development + U.S. Congress, 56, + 81, 119, 125, 131, 146, 193, 201, 255, 262, 265, 275, 322, 334, 359: + African Economic Policy Initiative, + and, 236 + African famine relief, and, 210, 218, + 221, 228, 234, 249, 256 + Commercial whaling policy, and, 302, 304, + 306, 315, 318, 323, 329, + 333 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 238 + Foreign aid, role in, 205, 219, + 229, 241, 243, 248, 259, + 276, 290, 291, 294, 296, + 297, 299 + House Appropriations Committee, 271 + House Foreign Affairs Committee, 40, 53 + Human rights, and, 42, 43, 44, 45, + 46, 51, 53, 58, 71 + Ozone layer protection policy, role + in, 357, 363, 364, 366, 367, + 369, 370, 371 + Packwood-Magnuson Amendment (1979), + and, 302, 318 + Pelly Amendment (1978), and, 302, 312, + 318, 319, 323, 336, 343, + 344 + Population programs, and, 263, 267, + 271, 273, 277, 278, 291, + 297, 298 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), + relations with, 45, 52, 54, + 55, 58, 67, 89, 99, 116, 117, + 121, 122, 124, 128, 143, + 160, 162, 183, 194, 195, + 196, 212, 233, 237, 244, + 280, 297, 302, 329, 337 + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 67, 235, + 336 + Senate Foreign Relations Committee, + 67, 72, 104, 261 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 109, 249 + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), and, 350, 355 + + USDA. See + Department of Agriculture + U.S.-Iceland relations, 316, 328, 333, 348: + Department of Commerce and, 338, 339 + Department of State and, 330, 339, + 346 + Economic sanctions impact on, 322, 324, + 326, 329, 330, 347 + National security interests, 330, 331, + 334, 335, 336, 337 + Naval Air Station Keflavik, 324, 326, + 330, 331, 332, 334, 336, + 346, 347 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 315, 316, 322, 324, 326, + 328, 329, 330, 334, 335, + 336, 337, 346, 347, 348 + + U.S.-Japan relations: + Commercial whaling moratorium impact + on, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, + 307, 309, 310, 314, 316, + 325, 340, 343, 344 + Economic sanctions impact on, 303, 307, + 343 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, + 308, 309, 310, 340, 342, + 343, 344 + + U.S.-NATO relations, 39, 47, 54, 63, 70, 71, 101, 106, 119, 134, 147, 149, 261: + Defense budget, and, 177, 178 + Department of State and, 65, 77, + 141, 170, 177, 182 + Oceans policy, and, 122, 124, + 127, 128, 136, 140, 162 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982) + and, 116, 142, 143, 160, 161, + 163, 165, 166, 169, 171, + 172, 173, 176, 180, 182, + 199 + Territorial sea limit and, 133, 186 + United Nations Convention on the Law + of the Sea (1982) and, 126, 130, 138, + 144, 151, 156, 164, 166, + 167, 168, 179, 183, 184, + 185, 187, 188, 190, 196 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 102, 112 + + U.S. News and World + Report, 13 + U.S.-Norway relations, 321, 323: + Department of State and, 318 + Pelly Amendment (1978), and, 304, 306, + 310, 314, 317, 318, 319 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 314, 318, 319, 321, 323 + + Uspensky, Nikolai, 80, 86 + U.S.-Soviet Bilateral Fisheries Agreement, + 341 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, 30, 33, 73, 75, 83, 88, 101, 123, 126, 127, 128, 160, 187, 325, 331, 334: + Biomedical research, and, 23, 33 + Commercial whaling moratorium impact + on, 341 + Cooperative agreements, 100 + Department of State and, 75, 85, + 92, 94, 107 + Economic sanctions impact on, 311 + Geneva Summit (1985) and, 78, 81, + 83 + Gorbachev, Mikhail impact on, 77, 78, + 79, 83, 87, 88, 102, 113 + Horn of Africa and, 230, 249 + Human rights and, 38, 49, 53, 55, + 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, + 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 81, + 85, 86, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, + 103, 106, 107, 108 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union + impact on, 78, 79, 80, 108, 110 + Pentecostalists issue (1983), and, + 49, 59, 68, 80, 87 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, + 49, 54, 55, 59, 60, 68, 77, + 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 88, 93, + 94, 96, 97, 99, 102, 107, 108, + 111, 311, 312, 325, 327, + 341 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 86, 102 + Rule of law, 93, 111 + Sea bed mining, 116 + Space cooperation, 109 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), related to, 117, 124, 191 + Trade relations, 58, 79, 80, 88, + 92, 311, 312, 314 + U.S. Congress and, 109, 249 + U.S.-NATO relations and, 102, 112 + U.S. presidential election (1988), + and, 109 + U.S.-Soviet cultural exchanges, 80 + + + Van Dusen, Ann, 262 + Van Eron, George, 228 + Van Oudenaren, John, 79, 87 + Vanuatu, 35 + Veliotes, Nicholas A., 56 + Venezuela, 35, 57, 82, 90, 91, 121, 123, 157, 159, 162, 166, 189, 191, 352, 362, 373: + Netherlands-Venezuela Boundary Treaty + (1978), 186 + + Verity, C. William, 228, 237, 323, 337, 346: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 343, 344, + 345 + + Vernon, Andrew, 5 + Verville, Elizabeth, 117, 310, 315, 328, 332: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 319 + Oceans policy, and, 160, 161 + + Vessey, John W., Jr., 165 + Vest, George, 42 + Vienna Convention for the Protection of the + Ozone Layer (1985), 356, 363, 368, 374, 376: + Chlorofluorocarbon emissions + reductions included in, 350, 351, 352, + 354 + Conflict resolution, 350, 352 + Environmental research included in, + 350, 351, 352, 353, 355 + Information exchange included in, 353, 354, + 355 + National Aeronautics and Space + Administration and, 350 + Ozone layer protection policy, 349, 350, + 352, 353, 357, 371 + Regional economic integration + organizations and, 352 + Soviet Union member of, 352 + Treaty ratification, 353 + United Nations Environment Programme + and, 352, 353, 355 + United States member of, 349, 350, + 352, 353, 357, 371 + U.S. Congress and, 350, 355 + World Meteorological Organization and, + 350, 355 + + Vietnam, 35, 66, 220, 273: + Human rights violations, 53, 58 + Refugee resettlement, and, 17 + + Vietnam War, 58 + Viola, Roberto, 48 + Visa clearance, 14, + 16, 17, 26, 27, 31 + Vitale, William, 162, 164 + Vlasikhin, Vasiliy, 107 + Vogelgesang, Sandra, 22, 42 + Voice of America, 95, 99, 102 + Vorontsov, Yuli, 106 + Vranitzky, Franz, 87 + + Wachob, James R., 315 + Wagner, Robert, 261 + Waldheim, Kurt, 119, 123 + Walker, William, 12 + Wallace, Gordon, 6 + Wallis, W. Allen, 238, 305, 309, 367: + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 363 + Memorandum prepared by, 351 + Ozone layer protection policy, views + on, 350, 355, 360, 364, 368 + + Wall Street Journal, + 189, 276, + 364 + Walsh, William, 6, + 25, 34 + Walters, Vernon “Dick,” 77, 90, 230, 243, 299 + Warren, Betsy, 45, + 106 + Warsaw Treaty Organization, 39, 71, 122 + Washington International Human Rights Law + Group, 44, 52 + Washington, LaRae, 2 + Washington Post, 27, 71, 109, 110, 121, 212, 224, 239, 261, 283, 356, 364 + Washington Summit (1987), 100, 102, 103 + Watkins, James, 37 + Watt, James, 116, + 137, 138, + 158, 165, + 174, 175, + 176 + Webster, William, 34 + Weeks, Harold, 12, + 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 + Weidenbaum, Murray, 138, 158, 165 + Weil, S., 352 + Weinberger, Caspar, 28, 121, 133, 158, 210, 217, 254, 270, 331, 372: + National Security Council meeting, + participant in, 138 + Oceans policy, views on, 120, 180 + + Wenick, Martin, 315 + West Africa, 35, + 287 + West Bank, 39 + Western Blot test, 14, 16, 17, 27 + Western Europe, 35, + 42, 48, 54, 65, 66, 79, 90, 154, 287, 331, 334 + Western, Karl, 10 + West, Gerald, 258 + West Germany, 33, + 35, 42, 61, 71, 117, 122, 154, 157, 166, 171, 177, 187, 188, 239, 243, 256, 271, 273, 299, 336, 352, 356, 362, 373: + Emigration, and, 63, 65, 110, 111 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, + and, 180 + Reciprocating States Agreement (1982), + participant in, 133, 143, 146, + 159, 161, 167, 169, 173, + 182, 197, 198, 199 + Third United Nations Conference on the + Law of the Sea (1973–1982), participant in, 119, 123, + 124, 144, 145, 152, 153, + 162, 165, 189, 191 + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 39, + 47, 57 + United States, diplomatic relations + with, 127, 135, 141, 142, 179, + 180, 184, 190, 363, 367 + West German Greens, 357 + + Wettering, Frederick, 223, 225, 226, 256 + Whaling industry: + Catch quota, 307, 308, 310, 311, + 317, 318, 321, 323 + Japan, 311, + 325 + Norway, 303, + 314, 317, 318, 320 + Peru, 303, + 314 + Scientific research, 304, 313, + 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, + 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, + 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, + 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, + 339, 340, 342, 346, 348 + Soviet Union, 303, 311, 312, 325, + 327, 345 + + Wheeler, Michael, 141, 162, 164, 165, 195, 196 + Whitehead, John, 17, + 89, 103, 104, 366, 371: + Circular 175 (1982), views on, 360, 364 + Domestic Policy Council meeting, + participant in, 26, 369, 370 + Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, + report on, 259 + Memorandum prepared by, 98 + Moscow, visit to, 100, 101, 102 + U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, + 81, 106, 325 + + Whitlock, James, 328 + Whitney, Raymond, 64 + WHO. See + World Health Organization + Wiant, Jon, 29 + Wick, Charles, 210, + 217, 254 + Wilkinson, M. James, 121, 315, 332, 338, 339, 346 + Williams, Caroleen, 45, 292 + Willoch, Kåre, 314, + 317, 318 + Wilson, Dolores, 101 + Wilson, Thomas, 350 + Wilson, William, 261, 272 + Wisner, Frank, 12, + 249 + Wobin, Odio, 6 + Woessner, Bill, 184 + Wolde, Goshu, 243 + Wolfe, Edward, 304, + 305, 306, + 309, 319, + 328, 332: + Commercial whaling policy, and, 327, 343 + + Wolfowitz, Paul, 53, + 56, 121, 127, 294, 297, 304 + Womens rights: + Education, 295 + Health care, 290, 295 + World Conference for Women (1985), + 295 + + Wood, Michael, 184 + Woods, Alan, 258, + 259, 300, + 363, 370 + World Bank, 13, 51, 268, 273, 290: + African famine relief, role in, 236, 244, + 251, 255, 256, 259 + Biomedical research, 261 + “Food for Progress” Program, and, 236, 244 + + World Food Programme, 204, 205, 206, 219, 226 + World Health Organization (WHO), 12, 19, 299, 356: + Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, + response to, 11, 17, 22, 24, 25, + 34, 35, 37 + Biomedical research, 6, 260, 261 + Department of State and, 18, 24, + 25 + Information exchange, and, 13, 24 + WHO Global Programme on AIDS, 37 + + World Jewish Congress, 78, 79 + World Meteorological Organization, 352: + Vienna Convention for the Protection + of the Ozone Layer (1985), and, 350, 355 + + World Population Conference (1974), 273, 281, 286: + World Population Plan of Action + (1974), 260, 284, 287, 289, 290, + 292, 299 + + World Resources Institute, 356 + World Vision Relief Organization, 204, 253 + World War II (1939–1945), 44, 109 + Wright, Joseph, 28, + 344, 360, + 363, 369, + 370 + Wulf, Norman, 115, + 117 + Wyngaarden, James, 6, + 23 + + Yakovlev, Veniamin, 107 + Yeltsin, Boris, 101 + Yemen, 35, 243, 373 + Yeutter, Clayton, 254, 372 + Young-Anawaty, Amy, 44 + Yugoslavia, 35, 39, 47, 50, 57, 58, 352: + United Nations Human Rights + Commission, participant in, 77, + 82 + + + Zablocki, Clement, 40, 195 + Zagladin, Vadim, 78 + Zaire. See + Congo (Kinshasa) + Zambia, 25, 34, 35, 39, 57, 127, 256 + Zarechnak, Dimitri, 80, 86, 109 + Zebatto, John, 62 + Zerwick, Kay, 223 + Zhao Ziyang, 266 + Zia, Muhammad, 261, + 273 + Zieman, Yuriy, 109 + Zilanov, V. K., 327 + Zimbabwe, 35, 127, 205, 245, 266, 273 + Zimmermann, Warren, 97, 99, 103, 106 + Zinc, 154 + + Ásgrímsson, Halldór, 313, 316, 329, 337, 346: + Calio, Anthony, J. “Tony,” meeting + with, 322, 324, 326, 328, 333 + + + + +
+ From 5a68143b4cf3fc1a0ed347fa1a875a32a9f1f9df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vak2ve Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2024 15:50:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] fix(toc): update [skip ci] --- frus-toc/frus1969-76v19p2-toc.xml | 5 +++++ frus-toc/frus1977-80v22-toc.xml | 5 +++++ frus-toc/frus1977-80v23-toc.xml | 5 +++++ frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml | 5 +++++ frus-toc/frus1981-88v06-toc.xml | 5 +++++ frus-toc/frus1981-88v41-toc.xml | 5 +++++ 6 files changed, 30 insertions(+) diff --git a/frus-toc/frus1969-76v19p2-toc.xml b/frus-toc/frus1969-76v19p2-toc.xml index f58356dc4..3472ff358 100644 --- a/frus-toc/frus1969-76v19p2-toc.xml +++ b/frus-toc/frus1969-76v19p2-toc.xml @@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ +
  • + Index +
    • diff --git a/frus-toc/frus1977-80v22-toc.xml b/frus-toc/frus1977-80v22-toc.xml index 82e267d67..54531e116 100644 --- a/frus-toc/frus1977-80v22-toc.xml +++ b/frus-toc/frus1977-80v22-toc.xml @@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ +
  • + Index +
    • +
  • + Index +
    • diff --git a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml index 51ac83997..8ae8539aa 100644 --- a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml +++ b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml @@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ data-template-current-ids="appA appB appC app">Appendix (Documents A–C) +
  • + Index +
    • diff --git a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v06-toc.xml b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v06-toc.xml index 78a6741c1..ad8678a79 100644 --- a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v06-toc.xml +++ b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v06-toc.xml @@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ data-template-current-ids="d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d17 d18 d19 d20 d21 d22 d23 d24 d25 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 d33 d34 d35 d36 d37 d38 d39 d40 d41 d42 d43 d44 d45 d46 d47 d48 d49 d50 d51 d52 d53 d54 d55 d56 d57 d58 d59 d60 d61 d62 d63 d64 d65 d66 d67 d68 d69 d70 d71 d72 d73 d74 d75 d76 d77 d78 d79 d80 d81 d82 d83 d84 d85 d86 d87 d88 d89 d90 d91 d92 d93 d94 d95 d96 d97 d98 d99 d100 d101 d102 d103 d104 d105 d106 d107 d108 d109 d110 d111 d112 d113 d114 d115 d116 d117 d118 d119 d120 d121 d122 d123 d124 d125 d126 d127 d128 d129 d130 d131 d132 d133 d134 d135 d136 d137 d138 d139 d140 d141 d142 d143 d144 d145 d146 d147 d148 d149 d150 d151 d152 d153 d154 d155 d156 d157 d158 d159 d160 d161 d162 d163 d164 d165 d166 d167 d168 d169 d170 d171 d172 d173 d174 d175 d176 d177 d178 d179 d180 d181 d182 d183 comp1">Soviet Union, October 1986–January 1989 (Documents 1–183) +
  • + Index +
    • +
  • + Index +