diff --git a/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/Makefile b/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/Makefile
index e3014cdc6..db8974494 100644
--- a/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/Makefile
+++ b/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-REPOROOT=${CURDIR}/../../../..
+REPOROOT=${CURDIR}/../../../../..
 WORKFLOW_VENV_ACTIVATE=${REPOROOT}/transforms/venv/bin/activate
 include $(REPOROOT)/transforms/.make.workflows
 
diff --git a/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/README.md b/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/README.md
index 73aeda89f..f68c1aaf7 100644
--- a/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/README.md
+++ b/examples/kfp-pipelines/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Chaining transforms using KFP V2
 
-As in [super pipelines of KFP v1](../../../doc/multi_transform_pipeline.md), we want to offer an option of running a series of transforms one after the other on the data. But, in KFP v2 we can make it easier to chain transforms using the [nested pipelines](https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/components/pipelines/user-guides/components/compose-components-into-pipelines/#pipelines-as-components) that KFP v2 offers.
+As in [super pipelines of KFP v1](../../../../../kfp/doc/multi_transform_pipeline.md), we want to offer an option of running a series of transforms one after the other on the data. But, in KFP v2 we can make it easier to chain transforms using the [nested pipelines](https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/components/pipelines/user-guides/components/compose-components-into-pipelines/#pipelines-as-components) that KFP v2 offers.
 
-One example of chaining `noop` and `document id` transforms can be found [here](superpipeline_noop_docId_v2.py). When running this pipeline it appears as hierarchical graph with two nested pipelines, one for each transform as shown in the following screenshots.
+One example of chaining `noop` and `document id` transforms can be found [here](superpipeline_noop_docId_v2_wf.py). When running this pipeline it appears as hierarchical graph with two nested pipelines, one for each transform as shown in the following screenshots.
 
 `root` Layer
 ![nested_pipeline](nested_pipeline.png)
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ Another useful feature of the KFP v2 is the `Json` editor for the `dict` type in
 cd examples/kfp/superworkflows/ray/kfp_v2/
 make clean
 export KFPv2=1
-export PYTHONPATH=../../../../transforms
+export PYTHONPATH=../../../../../transforms
 make workflow-build
 ```
diff --git a/kfp/kfp_ray_components/Dockerfile b/kfp/kfp_ray_components/Dockerfile
index f7861122b..6f6bf323d 100644
--- a/kfp/kfp_ray_components/Dockerfile
+++ b/kfp/kfp_ray_components/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.36.1-py312
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 # install libraries
 COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
@@ -10,13 +15,13 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users shared_workflow_support_lib shared_workflow_support_lib/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root shared_workflow_support_lib shared_workflow_support_lib/
 RUN cd shared_workflow_support_lib && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users workflow_support_lib workflow_support_lib/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root workflow_support_lib workflow_support_lib/
 RUN cd workflow_support_lib && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # overwriting the installation of old versions of pydantic
@@ -30,9 +35,6 @@ COPY ./src /pipelines/component/src
 # Set environment
 ENV KFP_v2=$KFP_v2
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Put these at the end since they seem to upset the docker cache.
 ARG BUILD_DATE
 ARG GIT_COMMIT
diff --git a/tools/ingest2parquet/Dockerfile b/tools/ingest2parquet/Dockerfile
index 00b88eae2..a4319c105 100644
--- a/tools/ingest2parquet/Dockerfile
+++ b/tools/ingest2parquet/Dockerfile
@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 # install pytest
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
 ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
@@ -16,9 +21,9 @@ RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
 
 RUN rm requirements.txt
 # copy source
-COPY --chown=ray:users ./src .
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root ./src .
 # copy test
-COPY --chown=ray:users test/ test/
-COPY --chown=ray:users test-data/ test-data/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root test/ test/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root test-data/ test-data/
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
diff --git a/transforms/Dockerfile.ray.template b/transforms/Dockerfile.ray.template
index 944d04dd8..b8e52425b 100644
--- a/transforms/Dockerfile.ray.template
+++ b/transforms/Dockerfile.ray.template
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG TRANSFORM_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/code2parquet/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/code2parquet/ray/Dockerfile
index 8464e22a9..1309416ea 100644
--- a/transforms/code/code2parquet/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/code2parquet/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -11,15 +16,15 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # Install ray project source
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -32,9 +37,6 @@ COPY src/code2parquet_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/code_profiler/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/code/code_profiler/Dockerfile.ray
index 6b2e4695e..c308c284c 100644
--- a/transforms/code/code_profiler/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/code/code_profiler/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_code_profiler/ dpk_code_profiler/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_code_profiler/ dpk_code_profiler/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/code_quality/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/code_quality/ray/Dockerfile
index ca3aa2e39..54630e9d9 100644
--- a/transforms/code/code_quality/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/code_quality/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -14,17 +19,17 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 #COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 #RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -37,9 +42,6 @@ COPY ./src/code_quality_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/header_cleanser/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/header_cleanser/ray/Dockerfile
index 7b6ad6712..1b21cef43 100644
--- a/transforms/code/header_cleanser/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/header_cleanser/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 FROM docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 # install pytest
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
 
@@ -7,14 +12,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/ python-transform 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/ python-transform 
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # Install system dependencies, including libgomp1
@@ -32,9 +37,6 @@ COPY src/header_cleanser_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/license_select/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/license_select/ray/Dockerfile
index f7288459d..6c8301c85 100644
--- a/transforms/code/license_select/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/license_select/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,15 +15,15 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
-COPY --chown=ray:users README.md README.md 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root README.md README.md 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy source data
@@ -29,9 +34,6 @@ COPY src/license_select_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Put these at the end since they seem to upset the docker cache.
 ARG BUILD_DATE
 ARG GIT_COMMIT
diff --git a/transforms/code/malware/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/malware/ray/Dockerfile
index fb05ce445..24f43d053 100644
--- a/transforms/code/malware/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/malware/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE} AS base
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip
 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
@@ -40,14 +45,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -59,9 +64,6 @@ COPY src/malware_local_ray.py  local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
 USER root
diff --git a/transforms/code/proglang_select/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/proglang_select/ray/Dockerfile
index f1b4591f1..f13ea3444 100644
--- a/transforms/code/proglang_select/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/proglang_select/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,17 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 #COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 #RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -33,9 +38,6 @@ COPY ./src/proglang_select_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/code/repo_level_ordering/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/code/repo_level_ordering/ray/Dockerfile
index 018e61b20..79806dd73 100644
--- a/transforms/code/repo_level_ordering/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/code/repo_level_ordering/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,12 +15,12 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
-COPY --chown=ray:users README.md README.md 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root README.md README.md 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy source data
@@ -27,9 +32,6 @@ COPY ./src/repo_level_order_s3_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray:/home/ray/src
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/doc_chunk/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/doc_chunk/Dockerfile.ray
index 14aa9aca0..63f2981c3 100644
--- a/transforms/language/doc_chunk/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/doc_chunk/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 # install pytest
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
 
@@ -9,17 +14,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_doc_chunk/ dpk_doc_chunk/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_doc_chunk/ dpk_doc_chunk/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install ${PIP_INSTALL_EXTRA_ARGS} --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/doc_quality/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/doc_quality/Dockerfile.ray
index af3db8de8..6b4ce18a1 100644
--- a/transforms/language/doc_quality/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/doc_quality/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_doc_quality/ dpk_doc_quality/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_doc_quality/ dpk_doc_quality/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/html2parquet/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/html2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
index 77b6632b3..f246116f4 100644
--- a/transforms/language/html2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/html2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_html2parquet/ dpk_html2parquet/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_html2parquet/ dpk_html2parquet/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/lang_id/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/lang_id/Dockerfile.ray
index 20d2517f5..ce81c320f 100644
--- a/transforms/language/lang_id/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/lang_id/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -16,12 +21,12 @@ USER ray
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_lang_id/ dpk_lang_id/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_lang_id/ dpk_lang_id/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
 # clean up apt
@@ -31,9 +36,6 @@ RUN sudo apt remove gcc g++ -y \
     && sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/* /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 USER ray
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/pdf2parquet/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/pdf2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
index 1ae13dbad..e295a9e7f 100644
--- a/transforms/language/pdf2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/pdf2parquet/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -18,13 +23,13 @@ RUN \
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
     
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_pdf2parquet/ dpk_pdf2parquet/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_pdf2parquet/ dpk_pdf2parquet/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install ${PIP_INSTALL_EXTRA_ARGS} -r requirements.txt
 
 
@@ -34,10 +39,6 @@ RUN python -c 'from deepsearch_glm.utils.load_pretrained_models import load_pret
 # RUN python -c 'from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter; from pathlib import Path; DocumentConverter.download_models_hf(local_dir=Path("./artifacts/"));'
 RUN python -c 'from docling.pipeline.standard_pdf_pipeline import StandardPdfPipeline; s=StandardPdfPipeline.download_models_hf(); print(f"Models cached in {s}")'
 
-
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/pii_redactor/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/language/pii_redactor/ray/Dockerfile
index 426b8c542..a8ce793cf 100644
--- a/transforms/language/pii_redactor/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/language/pii_redactor/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -9,18 +14,18 @@ ARG PIP_INSTALL_EXTRA_ARGS
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 #COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 #RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -33,9 +38,6 @@ COPY ./src/pii_redactor_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/language/text_encoder/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/language/text_encoder/Dockerfile.ray
index e31ddea60..4b6bee791 100644
--- a/transforms/language/text_encoder/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/language/text_encoder/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 # install pytest
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
 
@@ -8,16 +13,13 @@ ARG PIP_INSTALL_EXTRA_ARGS
 ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_text_encoder/ dpk_text_encoder/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_text_encoder/ dpk_text_encoder/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install ${PIP_INSTALL_EXTRA_ARGS} --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/doc_id/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/doc_id/Dockerfile.ray
index 944d04dd8..b8e52425b 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/doc_id/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/doc_id/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG TRANSFORM_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/ededup/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/ededup/Dockerfile.ray
index 378cb7227..2584f7979 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/ededup/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/ededup/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,19 +15,16 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
 # Install ray project source
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_ededup/ dpk_ededup/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
-COPY --chown=ray:users README.md README.md
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_ededup/ dpk_ededup/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root README.md README.md
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.python b/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.python
index 1a53451d5..cecfef17e 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.python
+++ b/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.python
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ COPY --chown=dpk:root dpk_fdedup/ dpk_fdedup/
 COPY --chown=dpk:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/dpk
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.ray
index 379e45bad..da1c668f1 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/fdedup/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.36.1-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_fdedup/ dpk_fdedup/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_fdedup/ dpk_fdedup/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/filter/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/filter/Dockerfile.ray
index 944d04dd8..b8e52425b 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/filter/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/filter/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG TRANSFORM_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/hap/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/hap/Dockerfile.ray
index 944d04dd8..b8e52425b 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/hap/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/hap/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -10,17 +15,14 @@ ARG TRANSFORM_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/ dpk_${TRANSFORM_NAME}/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/noop/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/universal/noop/ray/Dockerfile
index 2cf8b5705..796a9559f 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/noop/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/universal/noop/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -9,18 +14,18 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 #COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 #RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r  requirements.txt
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -33,9 +38,6 @@ COPY ./src/noop_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/profiler/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/universal/profiler/ray/Dockerfile
index 06ce60a32..131229d1f 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/profiler/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/universal/profiler/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # install pytest
@@ -11,17 +16,17 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # Install ray project source
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
-COPY --chown=ray:users README.md README.md
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root README.md README.md
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -34,9 +39,6 @@ COPY src/profiler_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray
 
diff --git a/transforms/universal/resize/ray/Dockerfile b/transforms/universal/resize/ray/Dockerfile
index 577840d74..f65430e7c 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/resize/ray/Dockerfile
+++ b/transforms/universal/resize/ray/Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # Install pytest so we can test the image later
@@ -10,15 +15,15 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 ## Copy the python version of the tansform
-COPY --chown=ray:users python-transform/  python-transform/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root python-transform/  python-transform/
 RUN cd python-transform && pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users src/ src/
-COPY --chown=ray:users pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root src/ src/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root pyproject.toml pyproject.toml
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -e .
 
 # copy the main() entry point to the image 
@@ -30,9 +35,6 @@ COPY ./src/resize_local_ray.py local/
 COPY test/ test/
 COPY test-data/ test-data/
 
-# Grant non-root users the necessary permissions to the ray directory
-RUN chmod 755 /home/ray
-
 USER root
 RUN chown -R ray /home/ray/test
 RUN chown -R ray /home/ray/test-data
diff --git a/transforms/universal/tokenization/Dockerfile.ray b/transforms/universal/tokenization/Dockerfile.ray
index 5462e48e8..50e6ff7a3 100644
--- a/transforms/universal/tokenization/Dockerfile.ray
+++ b/transforms/universal/tokenization/Dockerfile.ray
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ARG BASE_IMAGE=docker.io/rayproject/ray:2.24.0-py310
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
+# see https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.17/openshift_images/create-images.html#use-uid_create-images
+USER root
+RUN chown ray:root /home/ray && chmod 775 /home/ray
+USER ray
+
 RUN pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip 
 
 # Install pytest so we can test the image later
@@ -10,15 +15,14 @@ ARG DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME
 
 # Copy and install data processing libraries 
 # These are expected to be placed in the docker context before this is run (see the make image).
-COPY --chown=ray:users data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root data-processing-dist data-processing-dist
 RUN  pip install data-processing-dist/${DPK_WHEEL_FILE_NAME}[ray]
 
 
-COPY --chown=ray:users dpk_tokenization/ dpk_tokenization/
-COPY --chown=ray:users requirements.txt requirements.txt
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root dpk_tokenization/ dpk_tokenization/
+COPY --chmod=775 --chown=ray:root requirements.txt requirements.txt
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
-
 # Set environment
 ENV PYTHONPATH /home/ray