CodeWriter.java

/**output assembly code for VMTranslator.java
 *
 * take the file name to ouput to and get ready to write to it,
 * use writeArithmetic() and writePushPop() to translate,
 * arithmetic and push/pop commands from the VM file.
 **/

import java.io.*;

public class CodeWriter {

    public BufferedWriter out;
    public String file;
    public int i = 1;

    /** Open the output file, and
     * get ready to write
     **/
    public CodeWriter (String outFile) {
        if (outFile.contains(".vm")) {
            outFile = outFile.split(".vm")[0];
        }
        // sets file name
        setFileName(outFile);

        outFile = outFile + ".asm";

        try {
            out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(outFile)));
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Informs the codeWriter that
    // the translation of a new file has started
    public void setFileName (String fileName) {
        if (fileName.contains("/")) {
            String[] dir = fileName.split("/");
            file = dir[dir.length - 1];
        }
        else {
            file = fileName;
        }
    }

    // write the assembly code for given
    // arithmetic command
    public void writeArithmetic (String arth) {
        try {
            // same for every arithmetic command,
            // y
            // SP--
            out.write("@SP");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("M = M - 1");
            out.newLine();
            // *SP
            out.write("A = M");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("D = M");
            out.newLine();

            // uses two variables from stack to perform the arithmetic
            // x
            if (!(arth.equals("not") || arth.equals("neg"))) {
                // SP--
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("M = M - 1");
                out.newLine();
                // *SP
                out.write("A = M");
                out.newLine();
            }


            // different arth specific function coommands
            if (arth.equals("add")) {
                out.write("M = D + M");
                out.newLine();
            }
            else if (arth.equals("sub")) {
                out.write("M = M - D");
                out.newLine();
            }
            else if (arth.equals("and")) {
                out.write("M = D & M");
                out.newLine();
            }
            else if (arth.equals("or")) {
                out.write("M = D | M");
                out.newLine();
            }
            else if (arth.equals("neg")) {
                out.write("M = -D");
                out.newLine();
            }
            else if (arth.equals("not")) {
                out.write("M = !D");
                out.newLine();
            }
            // these operations involve labels for if conditionals
            else if (arth.equals("eq") || arth.equals("gt") || arth.equals("lt")) {
                // D = y - x
                out.write("D = D - M");
                out.newLine();
                // A-instruction referencing a label
                // i used to create a new Label with every new if conditional
                out.write("@IF" + Integer.toString(i));
                out.newLine();

                // C-instruction with different jump statements
                // if 'D == 0' goto IF_i
                if (arth.equals("eq")) {
                    out.write("D;JEQ");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else if (arth.equals("gt")) {
                    out.write("D;JLT");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else if (arth.equals("lt")) {
                    out.write("D;JGT");
                    out.newLine();
                }

                // similar part of the assembly code for the commands
                // 'else false' part
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("A = M");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("M = 0");
                out.newLine();

                // jump to the end of conditional after executing
                // one part of the conditional
                out.write("@END" + Integer.toString(i));
                out.newLine();
                out.write("0;JMP");
                out.newLine();

                // 'true' part
                out.write("(IF" + Integer.toString(i) + ")");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("A = M");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("M = -1");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("(END" + Integer.toString(i) + ")");
                out.newLine();
            }

            // SP++, similar for all commands
            out.write("@SP");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("M = M + 1");
            out.newLine();

            // incremennt i for the different conditional statements
            i++;

        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }

    }

    // write the translation of push/pop command
    public void writePushPop (String type, String arg1, String index) {

        String seg = "";

        // store the appropriate segment
        // @segment
        if (arg1.equals("argument")) {
            seg = "ARG";
        }
        else if (arg1.equals("local")) {
            seg = "LCL";
        }
        else if (arg1.equals("this")) {
            seg = "THIS";
        }
        else if (arg1.equals("that")) {
            seg = "THAT";
        }
        else if (arg1.equals("temp")) {
            seg = "5";
        }

        try {
            // create assembly code for pseudocode
            // addr = LCL + i
            // !!! LCL and like invoked in what way???
            if (!(arg1.equals("constant") || arg1.equals("static") || arg1.equals("pointer"))) {

                // @LCL
                out.write("@" + seg);
                out.newLine();

                if (arg1.equals("temp")) {
                    // D = A
                    out.write("D = A");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else {
                    // D = M
                    out.write("D = M");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                // @i
                out.write("@" + index);
                out.newLine();
                // D = D + A
                out.write("D = D + A");
                out.newLine();
                // @addr
                out.write("@addr");
                out.newLine();
                // M = D
                out.write("M = D");
                out.newLine();
            }

            // Pop command
            // SP--
            // *addr = *SP
            if (type.equals("C_POP")) {
                //@ SP--
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("M = M - 1");
                out.newLine();

                // *addr = *SP
                out.write("A = M");
                out.newLine();
                out.write("D = M");
                out.newLine();

                if (arg1.equals("pointer")) {
                    if (index.equals("0")) {
                        out.write("@THIS");
                    }
                    else {
                        out.write("@THAT");
                    }
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else if (arg1.equals("static")) {
                    out.write("@" + file + "." + index);
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else {
                    out.write("@addr");
                    out.newLine();
                    out.write("A = M");
                    out.newLine();
                }

                out.write("M = D");
                out.newLine();
            }


            // Push command
            // *SP = *addr
            // SP++
            else {
                //eg: A = M or @Foo.5 or @THIS
                if (arg1.equals("pointer")) {
                    if (index.equals("0")) {
                        out.write("@THIS");
                    }
                    else {
                        out.write("@THAT");
                    }
                    out.newLine();

                    // D = M
                    out.write("D = M");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else if (arg1.equals("static")) {
                    out.write("@" + file + "." + index);
                    out.newLine();

                    // D = M
                    out.write("D = M");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else if (arg1.equals("constant")) {
                    out.write("@" + index);
                    out.newLine();

                    // D = A
                    out.write("D = A");
                    out.newLine();
                }
                else {
                    out.write("A = M");
                    out.newLine();

                    // D = M
                    out.write("D = M");
                    out.newLine();
                }

                // @SP
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();

                // A = M
                out.write("A = M");
                out.newLine();

                // M = D
                out.write("M = D");
                out.newLine();

                // SP++
                // @SP
                out.write("@SP");
                out.newLine();

                // M = M + 1
                out.write("M = M + 1");
                out.newLine();
            }
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }

    }

    // close the output file
    public void close () {
        try {
            out.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e){
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write assembly code that affects the VM initialization,
    // also called bootstrap code, must be placed at the begining
    public void writeInit() {
        try {
            // SP = 256
            out.write("@256");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("D = A");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("@SP");
            out.newLine();
            out.write("M = D");
            out.newLine();

            // call Sys.init
            writeCall("Sys.init", 0);
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the Label command
    public void writeLabel(String label) {
        try {
            // Label LABEL
            out.write("(" + label + ")");
            out.newLine();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the goto command
    public void writeGoto(String label) {
        try {
            // goto LABEL
            out.write("@" + label);
            out.newLine();
            out.write("0;JMP");
            out.newLine();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the if-goto command
    public void writeIf(String label) {
        try {

        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the call command
    public void writeCall(String funcName, int nArgs) {
        try {

        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the return command
    public void writeReturn() {
        try {

        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

    // Write Assembly code for the function command
    public void writeFunction(String funcName, int nLocals) {
        try {

        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}