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[Android Dev] 1.4 Intents
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目录
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<div id="toc"><ul><li><a class="toc-href" href="#explicit-intent-start-a-new-activity" title="Explicit intent: start a new activity">Explicit intent: start a new activity</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#passing-data-between-activities" title="Passing data between activities">Passing data between activities</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#implicit-intent-opening-a-link" title="Implicit Intent: opening a link">Implicit Intent: opening a link</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#uris" title="URIs">URIs</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#construct-a-geo-uri" title="construct a geo URI">construct a geo URI</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#share-intent" title="Share Intent">Share Intent</a></li></ul></div>
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</div>
<p>So far: single screen with a single activity. </p>
<p>start activity from another activity: use <code>Intent</code>s. </p>
<h2 id="explicit-intent-start-a-new-activity">Explicit intent: start a new activity</h2>
<p>toy app: type some text, press button, and a new activity will appear with the typed words.</p>
<p>create activity in android studio: new → activity</p>
<p>call <code>startActivity</code> with an intent as parameter. </p>
<p>Explicit intent constructor: a context (every <code>Acitivity</code> is a <code>Context</code>), and a destination activity class. </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">Intent ineten = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ChildActivity.class);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err">startActivity(intent);</span></span>
</pre></div>
<p>This is called <strong>explicit</strong> intent as we know exactly which activity to start. </p>
<p>in AndroidManifest.xml file, configure child activity having a back buttom to return to parent activity: </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="nt"><activity</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:name=</span><span class="s">".MainActivity"</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:label=</span><span class="s">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="nt">></span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="nt"><intent-filter></span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">android:name=</span><span class="s">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span> <span class="nt">/></span></span>
<span class="code-line"></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="nt"><category</span> <span class="na">android:name=</span><span class="s">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span> <span class="nt">/></span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="nt"></intent-filter></span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="nt"></activity></span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="c"><!-- TODO (4) Configure DetailActivity's up button functionality --></span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="nt"><activity</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:name=</span><span class="s">".DetailActivity"</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:parentActivityName=</span><span class="s">".MainActivity"</span><span class="nt">></span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="nt"><meta-data</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:name=</span><span class="s">"android.suport.PARENT_ACTIVITY"</span></span>
<span class="code-line"> <span class="na">android:value=</span><span class="s">".MainActivity"</span> <span class="nt">/></span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="nt"></activity></span></span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="passing-data-between-activities">Passing data between activities</h2>
<p>in main activity:
<code>Intent.putExtra(String name, String value)</code>
put data (<em>k-v pairs</em>) into the intent (some constant string names exists in Intent class, like <code>Intent.EXTRA_TEXT</code>)
then start new activity with this intent. </p>
<p>in child activity:
use <code>getIntent()</code> to get the comming intent, then use <code>intent.getStringExtra(String name)</code>,
before getting extra data: use <code>intent.hasExtra(name)</code> to check if the extra stuff exists. </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">Intent commingIntent = getIntent();</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err">if(commingIntent.hasExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT)){</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> String txt = commingIntent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> mDisplayText.setText(txt);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err">}</span></span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="implicit-intent-opening-a-link">Implicit Intent: opening a link</h2>
<p>when don't know/care which activity to start.
example: want to visit a link or dial a number. </p>
<p>ref of common intents: <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-common.html">https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-common.html</a></p>
<p>most implicit intent contains 2 parameters: an action and the associated data (<code>Uri</code>). Or use <code>intent.setData</code> to add uri to intent.
To test if there is any application that can handle the intent: use <code>intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">private void openWebPage(String url) {</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> // TODO (2) Use Uri.parse to parse the String into a Uri</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> // TODO (3) Create an Intent with Intent.ACTION_VIEW and the webpage Uri as parameters</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> // TODO (4) Verify that this Intent can be launched and then call startActivity</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> if(intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null){</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> startActivity(intent);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> }</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err">}</span></span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="uris">URIs</h2>
<p><strong>URI</strong>: uniform resource identifier, a string that identifies resources. </p>
<p>full format of an URI:
<img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="../images/andev_p1e4_intents/pasted_image.png"/></p>
<p>components: </p>
<ul>
<li>scheme: ex. <code>geo, http</code>...</li>
<li>host</li>
<li>path</li>
<li>query</li>
<li>fragment</li>
</ul>
<p>example of URI: </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">uri1 = https://archive.org/web</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err">uri2 = geo:0,0?q=Montreal,Canada</span></span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="construct-a-geo-uri">construct a geo URI</h2>
<p>now: want to open a location on maps. </p>
<p><a href="https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-api/intents">https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-api/intents</a></p>
<p>Use <code>Uri.Builder</code> to create complex URIs. </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">public void onClickOpenAddressButton(View v) {</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> String address = "Boulvard des Marechaux";</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> // TODO (6) Use Uri.Builder with the appropriate scheme and query to form the Uri for the address</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> Uri.Builder builder = new Uri.Builder();</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> builder.scheme("geo").path("0,0").query(address);</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> Uri uri = builder.build();</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> showMap(uri); // constructs an intent and starts activity</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> }</span></span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="share-intent">Share Intent</h2>
<p>When mutilple apps that can handle this intent ⇒ a chooser will pop up.
Example: open an image / share a piece of text / share link ...
→ <code>ShareCompat.IntentBuilder</code> gives helper functionality for sharing data between activities.
Media type (MIME):
format: <code>toplevel_type_name/subtype_name[; parameters]</code>
example: <code>text/html;charset=UTF-8, image/png</code>, <code>text/plain</code>, <code>text/rtf, video/mp4</code>,...</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="code-line"><span></span><span class="err">private void shareText(String txt) {</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> String mimeType = "text/plain";</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> String title = "title of chooser window";</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> ShareCompat.IntentBuilder.from(this)</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> .setType(mimeType)</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> .setChooserTitle(title)</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> .setText(txt).startChooser();</span></span>
<span class="code-line"><span class="err"> }</span></span>
</pre></div>
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