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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="description" content="" />
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<link href="css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body id="page-top">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light fixed-top" id="mainNav">
<a class="navbar-brand js-scroll-trigger"
href="https://gisedu.itc.utwente.nl/student/s2578956/Photogrammetry-Website/index.html#geoweb">Go Back</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-right previous btn-black" type="button" data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#navbarResponsive" aria-controls="navbarResponsive" aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation">
Menu
<i class="fas fa-bars"></i>
</button>
<div class="container">
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarResponsive">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item" style="font-size:x-large"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger"
href="#page-top">Home</a></li>
<li class="nav-item" style="font-size:x-large"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger"
href="#home">Description</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Masthead-->
<header class="masthead"
style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) 75%, #000000 100%), url(img/Photogrammetry_cover.jpg);background-size: cover; background-repeat:no-repeat">
<div class="container d-flex h-100 align-items-center">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto my-0 text-uppercase text-white">PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSES</h1>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section class="projects-section bg-light" id="home">
<div class="container" style="font-size: 20px;">
<!-- Featured Project Row-->
<div class="row align-items-center no-gutters mb-4 mb-lg-5">
<div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-7"><img class="img-fluid mb-3 mb-lg-0" src="img/Photogrammetry.jpg"
alt="" />
</div>
<div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-5">
<div class="featured-text text-center text-lg-left">
<h4><strong>PHOTOGRAMMETRY</strong></h4>
<p class="mb-0 text-black-60 text-justify">The American Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing (ASPRS) defines it as as “the art, science, and technology of obtaining
reliable information about physical objects and the environment, through processes of
recording, measuring, and interpreting imagery and digital representations of energy
patterns derived from noncontact sensor systems”.</p>
<br>
<p class="mb-0 text-black-60 text-justify">The aerial photogrammetry is a branch which
comprises the collection of aerial imagery with the objective of producing 2D and 3D
topographic maps, orthophotos and digital terrain models by its orientation and
georeferencing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="container" style="font-size: 20px;">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 mx-auto">
<h4><strong>WORKFLOW</strong></h4>
<p class="mb-0 text-black-60 text-justify">
Photogrammetric workflow is the sequence of steps to be followed from the definition of the
project demands and constraints, going through the acquisition of the images and its processing
to the
final product's obtainment. The figure below shows an overview of the workflow. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-7"><img class="img-fluid mb-3 mb-lg-0" src="img/Workflow.png" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="container">
<!-- Project One Row-->
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-5 mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/mission_planning.jpg" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<h4 class="text-white">FLIGHT PLANNING</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
It is the stage of Photogrammetric workflow that defines the means and methods
for the images' primary
acquisition. It is chosen the equipment and method to obtain the accuracy of
extracted geo-information
and the spatial and spectral resolution of imagery according to the project's
necessities and taken into
account the possible flight restrictions and weather and environmental
conditions.
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<!-- Project Two Row-->
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/gcp.jpg" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 order-lg-first">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<h4 class="text-white">GROUND CONTROL DETERMINATION</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
During this stage, the ground control points chosen in the previous step are
materialized in the ground and have their coordinates registered for future
image orientation
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 mx-auto">
<h4><strong>TYPES OF ORIENTATIONS</strong></h4>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="container">
<!-- Project One Row-->
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-5 mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/interior.jpg" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<h4 class="text-white">INTERIOR ORIENTATION</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
Interior orientation is the step which mathematically recreates the geometry
that existed in the camera when a particular photograph was exposed.
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<!-- Project Two Row-->
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/exterior.PNG" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 order-lg-first">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<h4 class="text-white">EXTERIOR ORIENTATION</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
Exterior orientation (EO) is the position and orientation of the camera when the
image was taken represents a transformation from the ground coordinate system to
the image coordinate system
The x, y, and z coordinates and the omega, phi, and kappa angles are referred to
collectively as the six parameters of EO.
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters mb-5 mb-lg-0">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/relative.jpg" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-left">
<h4 class="text-white">RELATIVE ORIENTATION</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
Relative orientation relative position and attitude relationship is recreated
for the
two diapositives by means of movements imparted to the projectors.
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 ml-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<!-- Project Two Row-->
<div class="row justify-content-center no-gutters">
<div class="col-lg-6"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/absolute.PNG" alt="" /></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 order-lg-first">
<div class="bg-black text-center h-100 project">
<div class="d-flex h-100">
<div class="project-text w-100 my-auto text-center text-lg-right">
<h4 class="text-white">ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION</h4>
<p class="text-white text-justify">
Absolute orientation is to level the model. It requires a minimum of
three vertical control points distributed in the model so that they form a large
triangle.
</p>
<hr class="d-none d-lg-block mb-0 mr-0" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="container">
<!-- Featured Project Row-->
<div class="row align-items-center no-gutters mb-4 mb-lg-5">
<div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-7"><img class="img-fluid mb-3 mb-lg-0"
src="img/aerial_triangulation.JPG" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-5">
<div class="featured-text text-center text-lg-left">
<h4><strong>AERIAL TRIANGULATION</strong></h4>
<p class="mb-0 text-black-60 text-justify">Aerial triangulation is the process of
determining the X, Y, and Z ground coordinates of individual points based on photo
coordinate measurements. The applications lie in
extending or densifying ground control through strips and/or blocks of photos for use in
subsequent operations.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="text-black text-justify"><strong>Source of Definitions:</strong> Elements of Photogrammetry with
Applications in GIS, 4th edition, ISBN: 978-0-07-176111-6.
</p>
</div>
</section>
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