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lpf.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh-hant" data-lt-installed="true" lang="zh-hant"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="generator" content="ReSpec 25.4.1"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><style>/* --- EXAMPLES --- */
span.example-title {
text-transform: none;
}
aside.example, div.example, div.illegal-example {
padding: 0.5em;
margin: 1em 0;
position: relative;
clear: both;
}
div.illegal-example { color: red }
div.illegal-example p { color: black }
aside.example, div.example {
padding: .5em;
border-left-width: .5em;
border-left-style: solid;
border-color: #e0cb52;
background: #fcfaee;
}
aside.example div.example {
border-left-width: .1em;
border-color: #999;
background: #fff;
}
aside.example div.example span.example-title {
color: #999;
}
em.rfc2119 {
font-style: normal;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style><style>/* --- ISSUES/NOTES --- */
.issue-label {
text-transform: initial;
}
.warning > p:first-child { margin-top: 0 }
.warning {
padding: .5em;
border-left-width: .5em;
border-left-style: solid;
}
span.warning { padding: .1em .5em .15em; }
.issue.closed span.issue-number {
text-decoration: line-through;
}
.warning {
border-color: #f11;
border-width: .2em;
border-style: solid;
background: #fbe9e9;
}
.warning-title:before{
content: "⚠"; /*U+26A0 WARNING SIGN*/
font-size: 1.3em;
float: left;
padding-right: .3em;
margin-top: -0.3em;
}
li.task-list-item {
list-style: none;
}
input.task-list-item-checkbox {
margin: 0 0.35em 0.25em -1.6em;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.issue a.respec-gh-label {
padding: 5px;
margin: 0 2px 0 2px;
font-size: 10px;
text-transform: none;
text-decoration: none;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 4px;
position: relative;
bottom: 2px;
border: none;
display: inline-block;
}
</style><style>/* dfn popup panel that list all local references to a dfn */
dfn {
cursor: pointer;
}
.dfn-panel {
position: absolute;
left: var(--left); /* set via JS */
top: var(--top); /* set via JS */
z-index: 35;
height: auto;
width: max-content;
max-width: 300px;
max-height: 500px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
background: #dddddd;
color: black;
border: outset 0.2em;
}
.dfn-panel * {
margin: 0;
}
.dfn-panel > b {
display: block;
}
.dfn-panel ul a [href] {
color: black;
}
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) {
text-decoration: none !important;
border-bottom: none !important;
}
.dfn-panel a [href] :hover {
border-bottom-width: 1px;
}
.dfn-panel > b + b {
margin-top: 0.25em;
}
.dfn-panel ul {
padding: 0;
}
.dfn-panel li {
list-style: inside;
}
.dfn-panel.docked {
display: inline-block;
position: fixed;
left: 0.5em;
top: unset;
bottom: 2em;
margin: 0 auto;
/* 0.75em from padding (x2), 0.5em from left position, 0.2em border (x2) */
max-width: calc(100vw - 0.75em * 2 - 0.5em - 0.2em * 2);
max-height: 30vh;
}
</style>
<title>輕量封裝格式（Lightweight Packaging Format, LPF）</title>
<link href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/common/css/common.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<style id="respec-mainstyle">/*****************************************************************
* ReSpec specific CSS
*****************************************************************/
@keyframes pop {
0% {
transform: scale(1, 1);
}
25% {
transform: scale(1.25, 1.25);
opacity: 0.75;
}
100% {
transform: scale(1, 1);
}
}
/* Override code highlighter background */
.hljs {
background: transparent !important;
}
/* --- INLINES --- */
h1 abbr,
h2 abbr,
h3 abbr,
h4 abbr,
h5 abbr,
h6 abbr,
a abbr {
border: none;
}
dfn {
font-weight: bold;
}
a.internalDFN {
color: inherit;
border-bottom: 1px solid #99c;
text-decoration: none;
}
a.externalDFN {
color: inherit;
border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
text-decoration: none;
}
a.bibref {
text-decoration: none;
}
.respec-offending-element:target {
animation: pop 0.25s ease-in-out 0s 1;
}
.respec-offending-element,
a [href] .respec-offending-element {
text-decoration: red wavy underline;
}
@supports not (text-decoration: red wavy underline) {
.respec-offending-element:not(pre) {
display: inline-block;
}
.respec-offending-element {
/* Red squiggly line */
background: url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhBAADAPEAANv///8AAP///wAAACwAAAAABAADAEACBZQjmIAFADs=)
bottom repeat-x;
}
}
#references :target {
background: #eaf3ff;
animation: pop 0.4s ease-in-out 0s 1;
}
cite .bibref {
font-style: normal;
}
code {
color: #c63501;
}
th code {
color: inherit;
}
a [href] .orcid {
padding-left: 4px;
padding-right: 4px;
}
a [href] .orcid > svg {
margin-bottom: -2px;
}
/* --- TOC --- */
.toc a,
.tof a {
text-decoration: none;
}
a .secno,
a .figno {
color: #000;
}
ul.tof,
ol.tof {
list-style: none outside none;
}
.caption {
margin-top: 0.5em;
font-style: italic;
}
/* --- TABLE --- */
table.simple {
border-spacing: 0;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-bottom: 3px solid #005a9c;
}
.simple th {
background: #005a9c;
color: #fff;
padding: 3px 5px;
text-align: left;
}
.simple th a {
color: #fff;
padding: 3px 5px;
text-align: left;
}
.simple th [scope="row"] {
background: inherit;
color: inherit;
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.simple td {
padding: 3px 10px;
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.simple tr:nth-child(even) {
background: #f0f6ff;
}
/* --- DL --- */
.section dd > p:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
.section dd > p:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.section dd {
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.section dl.attrs dd,
.section dl.eldef dd {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
#issue-summary > ul,
.respec-dfn-list {
column-count: 2;
}
#issue-summary li,
.respec-dfn-list li {
list-style: none;
}
details.respec-tests-details {
margin-left: 1em;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
}
details.respec-tests-details > * {
padding-right: 2em;
}
details.respec-tests-details [open] {
z-index: 999999;
position: absolute;
border: thin solid #cad3e2;
border-radius: 0.3em;
background-color: white;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
details.respec-tests-details [open] > summary {
border-bottom: thin solid #cad3e2;
padding-left: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
line-height: 2em;
}
details.respec-tests-details > ul {
width: 100%;
margin-top: -0.3em;
}
details.respec-tests-details > li {
padding-left: 1em;
}
a [href] .self-link:hover {
opacity: 1;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
}
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
position: relative;
}
aside.example .marker > a.self-link {
color: inherit;
}
h2 > a.self-link,
h3 > a.self-link,
h4 > a.self-link,
h5 > a.self-link,
h6 > a.self-link {
border: none;
color: inherit;
font-size: 83%;
height: 2em;
left: -1.6em;
opacity: 0.5;
position: absolute;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
top: 0;
transition: opacity 0.2s;
width: 2em;
}
h2 > a.self-link::before,
h3 > a.self-link::before,
h4 > a.self-link::before,
h5 > a.self-link::before,
h6 > a.self-link::before {
content: "§";
display: block;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
dd {
margin-left: 0;
}
/* Don't position self-link in headings off-screen */
h2 > a.self-link,
h3 > a.self-link,
h4 > a.self-link,
h5 > a.self-link,
h6 > a.self-link {
left: auto;
top: auto;
}
}
@media print {
.removeOnSave {
display: none;
}
}
</style><meta name="description" content="This section is non-normative."><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/lpf/"><style>/*
Adapted from Atom One Light by Daniel Gamage for ReSpec, with better color contrast
Original One Light Syntax theme from https://github.com/atom/one-light-syntax
base: #fafafa
mono-1: #383a42
mono-2: #686b77
mono-3: #a0a1a7
hue-1: #0184bb
hue-2: #4078f2
hue-3: #a626a4
hue-4: #50a14f
hue-5: #e45649
hue-5-2: #c91243
hue-6: #986801
hue-6-2: #c18401
*/
.hljs {
display: block;
overflow-x: auto;
padding: 0.5em;
color: #383a42;
background: #fafafa;
}
.hljs-comment,
.hljs-quote {
color: #717277;
font-style: italic;
}
.hljs-doctag,
.hljs-keyword,
.hljs-formula {
color: #a626a4;
}
.hljs-section,
.hljs-name,
.hljs-selector-tag,
.hljs-deletion,
.hljs-subst {
color: #ca4706;
font-weight: bold;
}
.hljs-literal {
color: #0b76c5;
}
.hljs-string,
.hljs-regexp,
.hljs-addition,
.hljs-attribute,
.hljs-meta-string {
color: #42803C;
}
.hljs-built_in,
.hljs-class .hljs-title {
color: #9a6a01;
}
.hljs-attr,
.hljs-variable,
.hljs-template-variable,
.hljs-type,
.hljs-selector-class,
.hljs-selector-attr,
.hljs-selector-pseudo,
.hljs-number {
color: #986801;
}
.hljs-symbol,
.hljs-bullet,
.hljs-link,
.hljs-meta,
.hljs-selector-id,
.hljs-title {
color: #336ae3;
}
.hljs-emphasis {
font-style: italic;
}
.hljs-strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
.hljs-link {
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style><style>var {
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
}
var [data-type] ::before,
var [data-type] ::after {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: -6px;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.4s;
pointer-events: none;
}
/* the triangle or arrow or caret or whatever */
var [data-type] ::before {
content: "";
transform: translateX(-50%);
border-width: 4px 6px 0 6px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: transparent;
border-top-color: #000;
}
/* actual text */
var [data-type] ::after {
content: attr(data-type);
transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%);
background: #000;
text-align: center;
/* additional styling */
font-family: "Dank Mono", "Fira Code", monospace;
font-style: normal;
padding: 6px;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #daca88;
text-indent: 0;
font-weight: normal;
}
var [data-type] :hover::after,
var [data-type] :hover::before {
opacity: 1;
}
</style><link rel="publication" href="#wp_manifest"><script type="application/ld+json" id="wp_manifest">{
"@context": [
"https://schema.org",
"https://www.w3.org/ns/wp-context"
] ,
"type": "TechArticle",
"accessMode": [
"textual",
"diagramOnVisual"
] ,
"accessModeSufficient": [
"textual"
] ,
"resources": [
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/W3C",
"encodingFormat": "image/svg+xml",
"description": "W3C Logo"
},
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/base.css",
"rel": "stylesheet",
"encodingFormat": "text/css",
"description": "Generic CSS file for W3C TR documents"
},
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/W3C-WG-NOTE",
"rel": "stylesheet",
"encodingFormat": "text/css",
"description": "CSS file depending on the status of the document"
},
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/WG-Note",
"encodingFormat": "image/svg+xml",
"description": "Sidebar logo reflecting the status of the document"
}
] ,
"links": [
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/privacy-statement-20140324",
"encodingFormat": "text/html",
"rel": "privacy-policy"
},
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document",
"encodingFormat": "text/html",
"rel": "license describedby"
},
{
"type": "LinkedResource",
"url": "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright",
"encodingFormat": "text/html",
"rel": "copyright"
}
] ,
"id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/lpf/",
"url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/",
"datePublished": "2020-03-19",
"editor": [
{
"type": "Person",
"name": "Laurent Le Meur",
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<div class="note" role="note" id="translation-disclaimer">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker">
<span>注意</span>
</div>
<p class="">
本文件為<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>於2020年03月19日發布之<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/">Lightweight Packaging Format (LPF)</a>的翻譯版本。此翻譯版本係由<a href="http://www.dpublishing.org.tw/">台灣數位出版聯盟（Taiwan Digital Publishing Forum, TDPF）</a>自願翻譯，譯者盡可能維持英文原文本意與翻譯品質，唯翻譯內容仍可能有所錯誤。如有發現錯誤或不妥之處，請透過<a href="https://github.com/dpublishing/audiobooks-specs-tc">GitHub</a>與譯者聯繫、修正或建立issue。
</p>
<p class="">
本翻譯文件僅供參考，唯一的正式版本請以<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>網站發布之<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/">英文原文版</a>為準。
</p>
<p class="">
翻譯版本最後更新日期：2022年01月23日
</p>
</div>
<div class="head">
<a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/W3C" width="72" height="48"></a> <h1 id="title" class="title">輕量封裝格式<br>（Lightweight Packaging Format, LPF）</h1>
<h2>
W3C工作小組備忘 <time class="dt-published" datetime="2020-03-19">2020年03月19日</time>
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>此版本：</dt><dd>
<a class="u-url" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/">https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/NOTE-lpf-20200319/</a>
</dd><dt>最新發佈版本：</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/lpf/">https://www.w3.org/TR/lpf/</a>
</dd>
<dt>前一版本：</dt>
<dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/NOTE-lpf-20191205/">https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/NOTE-lpf-20191205/</a></dd>
<dt>最新編輯草稿：</dt><dd><a href="https://w3c.github.io/lpf/">https://w3c.github.io/lpf/</a></dd>
<dt>編輯者：</dt>
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="91888"><span class="p-name fn">Laurent Le Meur</span>
(<a class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="https://www.edrlab.org">EDRLab</a>)
</dd>
<dt>參與協助：</dt><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/lpf/">GitHub w3c/lpf</a>
</dd><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/lpf/issues/">提出問題</a>
</dd><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/lpf/commits/master">版本紀錄</a>
</dd><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/lpf/pulls/">修改要求</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
©
2018-2020
<a href="https://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>,
<a href="https://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>).
W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a rel="license" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document">permissive document license</a> rules
apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<section class="informative introductory" id="abstract"><h2>概要</h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>本規格定義了一個檔案格式，以及將構成一份<a href="#dfn-publication" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">數位出版品</a>之組成資源與相關詮釋資料集封裝成單一檔案容器的處理模型。</p>
</section>
<section class="informative introductory" id="sotd"><h2>本文件狀態</h2><p><em>
本節解釋了本文件在其發布時的狀態。其他文件可能取代本文件。<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>的當前出版品清單以及本技術報告的最新版本可於位在https://www.w3.org/TR/之<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>技術報告索引</a>中獲得。</em></p>
<p>本文件由<a href="https://www.w3.org/publishing/groups/publ-wg/">出版工作小組</a>以工作小組備忘形式發布。</p>
<p>推薦使用<a href="https://github.com/w3c/lpf/issues/">GitHub Issues</a>對本規格進行討論。此外，你也可以將意見寄送到我們的郵寄列表。請寄送到<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>（<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-publ-wg/">郵件封存紀錄</a>）。</p>
<p>作為工作小組備忘的出版品並不意味著受到<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>會員所背書。這是一份草稿文件並且可能隨時受其他文件更新、取代或者淘汰。將本文件作為進行中工作以外的文件來引用是不合適的。</p>
<p data-deliverer="100074">本文件是由在<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>專利政策</a>下運作的小組所製作。</p>
<p>此小組不預期本文件會成為<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>推薦規格。</p>
<p>本文件受<a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/2019/Process-20190301/">2019年3月1日<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>流程文件</a>所規範。</p>
</section>
<nav id="toc" role="doc-toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">目錄</h2><ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-introduction"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>導論</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-terminology"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>術語</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>一致性</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-zip"><bdi class="secno">4. </bdi>封裝格式</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-compression"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>資源壓縮</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-structure"><bdi class="secno">6. </bdi>檔案與目錄結構</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sec-obtaining-manifest"><bdi class="secno">7. </bdi>取得出版品宣告</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#app-media-type"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi><code>application/lpf+zip</code>媒體類別</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#ack"><bdi class="secno">B. </bdi>致謝</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><bdi class="secno">C. </bdi>參考資料</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><bdi class="secno">C.1 </bdi>規範性文件</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><bdi class="secno">C.2 </bdi>參考性文件</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
<section class="informative" id="sec-introduction">
<h2 id="x1-introduction"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>導論<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-introduction"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>一份數位出版品封裝檔是用於：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>在不同個人及（或）不同組織間交換製作中的封裝出版品。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>出版社或者轉換業者提供已完成的封裝出版品給不同的分發商或者銷售管道。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>提供封裝出版品給使用者（user）或者使用者代理程式（user agent）。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>本規格是基於已受驗證的技術且允許數位出版品能被以簡單的方式進行封裝，因此其名稱使用了「輕量」的術語。</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="sec-terminology">
<h2 id="x2-terminology"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>術語<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-terminology"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>本文件使用了定義於<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>備忘「Web上的出版與連結」 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-publishing-linking" title="Publishing and Linking on the Web">publishing-linking</a></cite>] 中的術語，特別是包含了<a class="externalDFN" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/publishing-linking/#dfn-user">使用者（user）</a>與<a class="externalDFN" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/publishing-linking/#dfn-user-agent">使用者代理（user agent）</a>。</p>
<p>此外，以下術語定義供本規格所使用：</p>
<dl class="termlist">
<dt><dfn id="dfn-codec" data-dfn-type="dfn">編碼內容類型（Codec content types）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>本質為二進位格式性質的內容類型，例如為了壓縮最佳化所設計或者提供最佳化串流能力的影片及聲音等媒體類型。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-non-codec" data-dfn-type="dfn">非編碼內容類型（Non-Codec content types）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>因其內在資料結構特性而利於壓縮的內容類型，例如基於字元與字串之檔案格式（如HTML、CSS…等）。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-package" data-lt="Packages|Package" data-dfn-type="dfn">封裝檔（Package）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>由構成數位出版品的一組組成資源與相關詮釋資料集所形成的單一檔案容器。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-primary-entry-page" data-dfn-type="dfn">主要進入頁面（Primary Entry Page）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>數位出版品的首選起始資源，在某些案例中可用於發現其出版品宣告。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-publication" data-lt="Digital Publications|Digital Publication" data-dfn-type="dfn">數位出版品（Digital Publication）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>由一組組成資源與相關詮釋資料所組織在一起而型成的一個具獨特性的可識別群組。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-web-publication-manifest" data-lt="Publication Manifests|Publication Manifest" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-plurals="publication manifests">出版品宣告（Publication Manifest）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>採用 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-pub-manifest" title="Publication Manifest">pub-manifest</a></cite>] 中對數位出版品的定義並以 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-json-ld" title="JSON-LD 1.0">JSON-LD</a></cite>] 形式呈現描述的數位出版品資源清單宣告。</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn id="dfn-root-directory" data-lt="Root Directories|Root Directory" data-dfn-type="dfn">根目錄（Root Directory）</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>封裝檔案系統的基底目錄。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>每個術語僅在第一次於章節出現中時才會連結到其定義。</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="conformance"><h2 id="x3-conformance"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>一致性<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#conformance"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p><p>除了標註為不具規範性的章節外，本規格中所有製作指引、圖表、範例與注意事項亦不具規範性。其餘本規格中的內容則均為具規範性。</p>
<p>本文件中出現之關鍵字<em class="rfc2119">可以（MAY）</em>、<em class="rfc2119">必需（MUST）</em>、<em class="rfc2119">應該（SHOULD）</em>之解釋以<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp14">BCP 14</a> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc2119" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">RFC2119</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc8174" title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">RFC8174</a></cite>] 所描述為準，同時也僅在出現時以全大寫（中文為粗體）顯示。</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="sec-zip">
<h2 id="x4-packaging-format"><bdi class="secno">4. </bdi>封裝格式<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-zip"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>為了將構成數位出版品的組成資源與相關詮釋資料集封裝起來，本規格採用定義在ISO/IEC 21320-1:2015 ( [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-iso21320" title="Document Container File - ISO/IEC 21320">ISO21320</a></cite>] 與 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-zip" title=".ZIP File Format Specification">zip</a></cite>] )中之ZIP格式。</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="sec-compression">
<h2 id="x5-compression-of-resources"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>資源壓縮<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-compression"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>當資源儲存於封裝檔中時，<a href="#dfn-non-codec" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">非編碼內容類型</a>的資源<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">應該</em>被壓縮且<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>使用Deflate壓縮演算法。這項實踐確保檔案實體能在封裝檔中以較小的尺寸存放。</p>
<p><a href="#dfn-codec" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">編碼內容類型資源</a><em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">應該</em>以無壓縮的方式儲存。因為在這情況下，壓縮會在產製過程中產生不必要的處理成本（尤其是大型資源檔案）並且可能會影響使用聲音/影片時的播放效能。</p>
<div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note" aria-level="3"><span>注意事項</span></div><div class="">
<p>在一些情況下，壓縮與某些加密方案結合使用時可能會阻礙使用者代理的「處理部分內容請求」能力（例如，HTTP位元範圍），這是因為在技術上難以在媒體播放前就確認整個資源的長度（例如，HTTP Content-Length標頭）。</p>
</div></div>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="sec-structure">
<h2 id="x6-file-and-directory-structure"><bdi class="secno">6. </bdi>檔案與目錄結構<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-structure"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p><a href="#dfn-package" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">封裝檔</a><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>在其<a href="#dfn-root-directory" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">根目錄</a>中包含至少一個以下檔案：</p>
<ul>
<li>名為<code>publication.json</code>的檔案，其內容<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>為<a href="#dfn-web-publication-manifest" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">出版品宣告</a>所定義的格式。</li>
<li>名為<code>index.html</code>的檔案，其<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>符合數位出版品對<a href="#dfn-primary-entry-page" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">主要進入頁面</a>的需求。</li>
</ul>
<p>根目錄本質上為虛擬的：使用者代理進行封裝檔的解封裝時，產生或不產生存放內容的實體根目錄均可。</p>
<p>這兩個檔案的內容<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>不被加密。</p>
<p>封裝檔也<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>包含所有在該數位出版品範圍中的資源，也就是從預設閱讀順序和出版品宣告所列的資源清單組合中獲得的所有資源集合。</p>
<p>這些資源檔案<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">可以</em>置放在根目錄下的任何子資料夾，或者放在根目錄中。</p>
<p>封裝檔中的內容<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">必需</em>透過相對URL字串 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-url" title="URL Standard">url</a></cite>] 以參照到這些內容。</p>
<div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-0"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-0" aria-level="3"><span>注意事項</span></div><div class="">
<p> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-zip" title=".ZIP File Format Specification">zip</a></cite>] 規格對檔案與資料夾名稱允許使用的字元有些限制。當使用這類名稱時，作者必須小心使用這些字元，以使得在跨作業系統時能得到廣泛的互通性。</p>
</div></div>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="sec-obtaining-manifest">
<h2 id="x7-obtaining-a-publication-manifest"><bdi class="secno">7. </bdi>取得出版品宣告<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#sec-obtaining-manifest"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>若封裝檔在其根目錄中包含<code>publication.json</code>檔案時，出版品宣告可於開啟及分析該檔案時取得。</p>
<p>除此之外，如果封裝檔在其根目錄中包含<code>index.html</code>檔案時，出版品宣告可透過以下步驟取得：</p>
<ol>
<li>假定由封裝檔中解出<code>index.html</code>檔案的內容為<code>document</code>。</li>
<li>如果其不包含<code>text/html</code>或<code>application/xhtml+xml</code>媒體類型（media type），結束此演算法。</li>
<li>將<code>document</code>之樹狀結構中，第一個<code>rel</code>屬性值為<code>publication</code>的<code>link</code>元素設為<var>manifest link</var>。</li>
<li>如果<var>manifest link</var>為<code>null</code>，結束此演算法。</li>
<li>如果<var>manifest link</var>的<code>href</code>屬性值為空字串，結束此演算法。</li>
<li>
<p>如果<var>manifest link</var>的<code>href</code>屬性值存在<a href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-fragment">片段識別符號（fragment）</a>且可識別出<code>document</code>中的某個識別碼<var>id</var>時：</p>
<ol>
<li>將樹狀構結中第一個<code>id</code>屬性與<var>id</var>相同且<code>type</code>屬性為<code>application/ld+json</code>的<code>script</code>元素設為<var>embedded manifest script</var>。</li>
<li>如果<var>embedded manifest script</var>為<code>null</code>，結束此演算法。</li>
<li>將<var>embedded manifest script</var>的<a href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-child-text-content">子節點文字內容</a>存為<var>manifest text</var>。</li>
</ol>
<details>
<summary>解釋</summary>
<p>此分支流程用於當宣告內嵌於主要進入頁面時的情況。本演算法用來確認<code>script</code>元素的位置並且取出宣告。</p>
</details>
</li>
<li>否則：<ol>
<li>將<var>manifest URL</var>設為<code>href</code>屬性的值。</li>
<li>如果<var>manifest URL</var>不是一個相對的URL字串，中止這些步驟。</li>
<li>利用<var>manifest URL</var>從封裝檔中將宣告取出。</li>
<li>開啟並且讀取宣告檔案，其檔案內容即為<var>manifest text</var>。</li>
</ol>
<details>
<summary>解釋</summary>
<p>此分支流程用於當宣告位在獨立檔案時的情況。其展示了從封裝檔中取得宣告的標準程序。</p>
</details>
</li>
</ol>
<p>如果封裝檔中同時存在<code>index.html</code>與<code>publication.json</code>，則主要進入頁面<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">應該</em>包含對<code>publication.json</code>檔案之參照，其規則請參照本章節之定義。</p>
<aside class="example" id="example-1"><div class="marker">
<a class="self-link" href="#example-1">範例<bdi> 1</bdi></a>
</div>
<p>這是一份在根目錄下，簡單地在主要進入頁面中透過 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] <code>link</code>元素參照的出版品宣告。</p>
<pre aria-busy="false"><code class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">link</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"publication.json"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"publication"</span>/></span></code></pre>
<p>在主要進入頁面中嵌入出版品宣告的範例可參見 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-audiobooks" title="Audiobooks">有聲書</a></cite>] 規格。</p></aside>
</section>
<section class="appendix informative" id="app-media-type">
<h2 id="a-the-application-lpf-zip-media-type"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi><code>application/lpf+zip</code>媒體類別<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="#app-media-type"></a></h2><p><em>本節不具規範性。</em></p>
<p>本附錄註冊了<code>application/lpf+zip</code>媒體類型供輕量封裝格式使用。</p>
<p>輕量封裝格式（Lightweight Packaging Format, LPF）為一個基於 [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-zip" title=".ZIP File Format Specification">zip</a></cite>] 封存格式之容器技術，用於將構成數位出版品的組成資源與相關詮釋資料集封裝成一個單一檔案容器。LPF和其相關標準由<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>所維護及定義。</p>
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt>MIME媒體類別名稱：</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>application</code></p>
</dd>
<dt>MIME子類別名稱：</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>lpf+zip</code></p>
</dd>
<dt>必要參數：</dt>
<dd>
<p>無</p>
</dd>
<dt>選擇性參數：</dt>
<dd>