ObjectInputStream deserialization failure

[sukolenvo]

Java -version output

One of the affected versions (more info below):

openjdk 21.0.5 2024-10-15 LTS
IBM Semeru Runtime Open Edition 21.0.5.11 (build 21.0.5+11-LTS)
Eclipse OpenJ9 VM 21.0.5.11 (build openj9-0.48.0, JRE 21 Linux amd64-64-Bit Compressed References 20241015_307 (JIT enabled, AOT enabled)
OpenJ9   - 1d5831436e
OMR      - d10a4d553
JCL      - b1b311c53fe based on jdk-21.0.5+11)

Summary of problem

Deserialization using ObjectInputStream fails with java.lang.ClassNotFoundException for simple object graphs with Lists. Here is sample stream to reproduce the problem:

ObjectOutputStream ois = new ObjectOutputStream(...);
ois.writeObject(List.of());
ois.writeObject(List.of(new ClassA(), new ClassB()));

public static class ClassA implements Serializable {
  Object a = List.of(0);
  Object c = new NestedClassA();
}

public static class ClassB implements Serializable {
}

public static class NestedClassA implements Serializable {
}

I've create a repo as well to reproduce the issue: https://github.com/sukolenvo/java-object-serialize-tests
Repo includes matrix of github actions with different jdks: https://github.com/sukolenvo/java-object-serialize-tests/actions/runs/12733637021
zulu, temurin, jetbrains pass both 17 and 21.
adopt-openj9 and semeru fail both 17 and 21.
I believe regression was introduced in 17.0.5 (17.0.4 pass).

This issue affects GWT (gwtproject/gwt#9789) and prevents us from upgrading above ibm-semeru-open-jdk_x64_linux_17.0.4.1_1_openj9-0.33.1