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%% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk.
%% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/
%% Created for Francesco Nori at 2015-05-21 12:10:38 +0200
%% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8)
@inproceedings{ivaldi2014,
Address = {Madrid, Spain},
Author = {Ivaldi, S. and Peters, J. and Padois, V. and Nori, F.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots},
Date-Added = {2015-05-20 16:12:20 +0000},
Date-Modified = {2015-05-21 10:09:53 +0000},
Http = {http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01116148/en},
Month = {Nov},
Title = {Tools for simulating humanoid robot dynamics: a survey based on user feedback},
Year = {2014}}
@inproceedings{Abbeel2005,
Author = {Abbeel, P. and Ng, A. Y.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning},
Title = {{Exploration and apprenticeship learning in reinforcement learning}},
Year = {2005}}
@inproceedings{abe2007,
Author = {Abe, Y. and Da Silva, M. and Popovic, J.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation},
Title = {{Multiobjective Control with Frictional Contacts}},
Year = {2007}}
@article{Alami1997,
Author = {Alami, R. and Chatila, R. and Fleury, S. and Ghallab, M. and Ingrand, F.},
Journal = {The International Journal Of Robotics Research},
Pages = {1--40},
Title = {{An Architecture for Autonomy: Introduction}},
Year = {1997}}
@article{Arampatzis2001,
Author = {Arampatzis, A. and Br\"{u}ggemann, G. P. and Klapsing, G. M.},
Journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
Number = {6},
Pages = {923--931},
Title = {{Leg stiffness and mechanical energetic processes during jumping on a sprung surface.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404657},
Volume = {33},
Year = {2001}}
@article{Argall2010,
Abstract = {Robots come into physical contact with humans in both experimental and operational settings. Many potential factors motivate the detection of human contact, ranging from safe robot operation around humans, to robot behaviors that depend on human guidance. This article presents a review of current research within the field of Tactile HumanRobot Interactions (Tactile HRI), where physical contact from a human is detected by a robot during the execution or development of robot behaviors. Approaches are presented from two viewpoints: the types of physical interactions that occur between the human and robot, and the types of sensors used to detect these interactions. We contribute a structure for the categorization of Tactile HRI research within each viewpoint. Tactile sensing techniques are grouped into three categories, according to what covers the sensors: (i) a hard shell, (ii) a flexible substrate or (iii) no covering. Three categories of physical HRI likewise are identified, consisting of contact that (i) interferes with robot behavior execution, (ii) contributes to behavior execution and (iii) contributes to behavior development. We populate each category with the current literature, and furthermore identify the state-of-the-art within categories and promising areas for future research.},
Author = {Argall, B. D. and Billard, A.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.robot.2010.07.002},
Issn = {09218890},
Journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1159--1176},
Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
Title = {{A survey of Tactile Human--Robot Interactions}},
Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921889010001375},
Volume = {58},
Year = {2010}}
@inproceedings{Argall2010a,
Abstract = {Demonstration learning is a powerful and practical technique to develop robot behaviors. Even so, development remains a challenge and possible demonstration limitations can degrade policy performance. This work presents an approach for policy improvement and adaptation through a tactile interface located on the body of a robot. We introduce the Tactile Policy Correction (TPC) algorithm, that employs tactile feedback for the refinement of a demonstrated policy, as well as its reuse for the development of other policies. We validate TPC on a humanoid robot performing grasp-positioning tasks. The performance of the demonstrated policy is found to improve with tactile corrections. Tactile guidance also is shown to enable the development of policies able to successfully execute novel, undemonstrated, tasks.},
Author = {Argall, B. D. and Sauser, E. L. and Billard, A.},
Doi = {10.1109/DEVLRN.2010.5578872},
Isbn = {9781424469000},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning},
Title = {{Tactile guidance for policy refinement and reuse}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=5578872},
Year = {2010}}
@article{Asai2009,
Abstract = {The main purpose of this study is to compare two different feedback controllers for the stabilization of quiet standing in humans, taking into account that the intrinsic ankle stiffness is insufficient and that there is a large delay inducing instability in the feedback loop: 1) a standard linear, continuous-time PD controller and 2) an intermittent PD controller characterized by a switching function defined in the phase plane, with or without a dead zone around the nominal equilibrium state. The stability analysis of the first controller is carried out by using the standard tools of linear control systems, whereas the analysis of the intermittent controllers is based on the use of Poincar\'{e} maps defined in the phase plane. When the PD-control is off, the dynamics of the system is characterized by a saddle-like equilibrium, with a stable and an unstable manifold. The switching function of the intermittent controller is implemented in such a way that PD-control is off when the state vector is near the stable manifold of the saddle and is on otherwise. A theoretical analysis and a related simulation study show that the intermittent control model is much more robust than the standard model because the size of the region in the parameter space of the feedback control gains (P vs. D) that characterizes stable behavior is much larger in the latter case than in the former one. Moreover, the intermittent controller can use feedback parameters that are much smaller than the standard model. Typical sway patterns generated by the intermittent controller are the result of an alternation between slow motion along the stable manifold of the saddle, when the PD-control is off, and spiral motion away from the upright equilibrium determined by the activation of the PD-control with low feedback gains. Remarkably, overall dynamic stability can be achieved by combining in a smart way two unstable regimes: a saddle and an unstable spiral. The intermittent controller exploits the stabilizing effect of one part of the saddle, letting the system evolve by alone when it slides on or near the stable manifold; when the state vector enters the strongly unstable part of the saddle it switches on a mild feedback which is not supposed to impose a strict stable regime but rather to mitigate the impending fall. The presence of a dead zone in the intermittent controller does not alter the stability properties but improves the similarity with biological sway patterns. The two types of controllers are also compared in the frequency domain by considering the power spectral density (PSD) of the sway sequences generated by the models with additive noise. Different from the standard continuous model, whose PSD function is similar to an over-damped second order system without a resonance, the intermittent control model is capable to exhibit the two power law scaling regimes that are typical of physiological sway movements in humans.},
Author = {Asai, Yoshiyuki and Tasaka, Yuichi and Nomura, Kunihiko and Nomura, Taishin and Casadio, Maura and Morasso, Pietro},
Editor = {Brezina, Vladimir},
File = {::},
Institution = {The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Number = {7},
Pages = {14},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science},
Title = {{A Model of Postural Control in Quiet Standing: Robust Compensation of Delay-Induced Instability Using Intermittent Activation of Feedback Control}},
Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2704954\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2704954%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract}}
@article{Babic2011,
Author = {Babic, J and Hale, J G and Oztop, E},
Doi = {10.1177/1059712311411112},
File = {::},
Issn = {10597123},
Journal = {Adaptive Behavior},
Number = {4},
Pages = {250--263},
Title = {{Human sensorimotor learning for humanoid robot skill synthesis}},
Url = {http://adb.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1059712311411112},
Volume = {19},
Year = {2011},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://adb.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1059712311411112},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712311411112}}
@article{Babic2001,
Abstract = {The aim of the experiment reported here was to determine the static and dynamic stability of two-point stance phases when walking on hands and knees at different speeds. In addition, we defined the methods and predicted the consequences of including two-point stance phases into crutch assisted functional electrical stimulation (FES) walking. Crawling on hands and knees was performed at three speeds by five healthy male persons. With twelve joint-position markers placed on the subject, we determined two stability indices for every instant of gait. We analysed the peak values of these two indices during the two-point stance phases. The results indicate that we have to ensure the proper position of the centre of gravity to increase the speed of walking. To reach speeds, lower than 0.6 m/s, it is not necessary to include statically unstable phases. The shift of the centre of gravity towards and across the leading stability edge can result in getting into the dynamically unstable state. Considering the results we can effectively introduce two-point stance phases into crutch assisted FES walking and therefore increase the speed and energy effectiveness of walking},
Author = {Babic, J and Karcnik, T and Bajd, T},
Institution = {Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [email protected]},
Journal = {Gait \& Posture},
Keywords = {biomechanics,computer assisted,crutches,gait,gait physiology,gravitation,hand,hand physiology,humans,knee,knee physiology,male,paraplegia,paraplegia physiopathology,postural balance,postural balance physiology,signal processing,time factors,walking,walking physiology},
Number = {1},
Pages = {56--60},
Pmid = {11378425},
Title = {{Stability analysis of four-point walking.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11378425},
Volume = {14},
Year = {2001},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11378425}}
@article{Baerlocher2004,
Author = {Baerlocher, P and Boulic, R},
Journal = {The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics},
Number = {6},
Pages = {402--417},
Title = {{An Inverse Kinematic Architecture Enforcing an Arbitrary Number of Strict Priority Levels}},
Volume = {20},
Year = {2004}}
@article{Baraff1994,
Abstract = {A new algorithm for computing contact forces between solid objects with friction is presented. The algorithm allows a mix of contact points with static and dynamic friction. In contrast to previous approaches, the problem of computing contact forces is not transformed into an optimization problem. Because of this, the need for sophisticated optimization software packages is eliminated. For both systems with and without friction, the algorithm has proven to be considerably faster, simpler, and more reliable than previous approaches to the problem. In particular, implementation of the algorithm by nonspecialists in numerical programming is quite fea- sible.},
Author = {Baraff, David},
Doi = {10.1145/192161.192168},
File = {::},
Isbn = {0897916670},
Issn = {00978930},
Journal = {Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques SIGGRAPH 94},
Number = {May},
Pages = {23--34},
Publisher = {ACM Press},
Series = {Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series},
Title = {{Fast contact force computation for nonpenetrating rigid bodies}},
Url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=192161.192168},
Volume = {28},
Year = {1994},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=192161.192168},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/192161.192168}}
@article{Boularias2011,
Author = {Boularias, Abdeslam and Kober, Jens and Peters, Jan},
Journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research - Proceedings Track},
Pages = {182--189},
Title = {{Relative Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning}},
Url = {http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/proceedings/papers/v15/boularias11a/boularias11a.pdf},
Volume = {15},
Year = {2011},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/proceedings/papers/v15/boularias11a/boularias11a.pdf}}
@inproceedings{Bouyarmane2010a,
Author = {Bouyarmane, K.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the Robotics Society of Japan},
Title = {{Multi-Contacts Stances Planning for Humanoid Locomotion and Manipulation}},
Url = {http://staff.aist.go.jp/karim.bouyarmane/RSJ\_2010.pdf},
Year = {2010},
address = {Nagoya, Japan}}
@inproceedings{Bouyarmane2009,
Author = {Bouyarmane, K. and Escande, A. and Lamiraux, F. and Kheddar, A.},
Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152353},
Isbn = {978-1-4244-2788-8},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Month = may,
Pages = {1165--1170},
Title = {{Potential field guide for humanoid multicontacts acyclic motion planning}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5152353},
Year = {2009}}
@article{Bouyarmane2011a,
Author = {Bouyarmane, K. and Kheddar, A.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
Title = {{Using a multi-objective controller to synthesize simulated humanoid robot motion with changing contact configurations}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=6094483},
Year = {2011}}
@inproceedings{Bouyarmane2011,
Author = {Bouyarmane, K. and Kheddar, A.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Humanoid Robots},
Pages = {487--492},
Title = {{FEM-based static posture planning for a humanoid robot on deformable contact support}},
Year = {2011}}
@article{Bouyarmane2010,
Author = {Bouyarmane, Karim and Kheddar, Abderrahmane},
Doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2010.5686317},
Isbn = {9781424486892},
Journal = {Robotics},
Number = {2},
Pages = {8--13},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Static Multi-Contact Inverse Problem for Multiple Humanoid Robots and Manipulated Objects}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5686317},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5686317},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2010.5686317}}
@article{Bruyninckx2010,
Author = {Bruyninckx, Herman},
Journal = {Most},
Keywords = {cerns,component based software systems,composability,compositionality,design complex systems,reusability,separation con},
Pages = {1--12},
Title = {{Robotics software framework harmonization by means of component composability benchmarks . `` The manifolds of four}},
Year = {2010}}
@article{Buchli2009,
Abstract = {Many critical elements for statically stable walking for legged robots have been known for a long time, including stability criteria based on support polygons, good foothold selection, recovery strategies to name a few. All these criteria have to be accounted for in the planning as well as the control phase. Most legged robots usually employ high gain position control, which means that it is crucially important that the planned reference trajectories are a good match for the actual terrain, and that tracking is accurate. Such an approach leads to conservative controllers, i.e. relatively low speed, ground speed matching, etc. Not surprisingly such controllers are not very robust - they are not suited for the real world use outside of the laboratory where the knowledge of the world is limited and error prone. Thus, to achieve robust robotic locomotion in the archetypical domain of legged systems, namely complex rough terrain, where the size of the obstacles are in the order of leg length, additional elements are required. A possible solution to improve the robustness of legged locomotion is to maximize the compliance of the controller. While compliance is trivially achieved by reduced feedback gains, for terrain requiring precise foot placement (e.g. climbing rocks, walking over pegs or cracks) compliance cannot be introduced at the cost of inferior tracking. Thus, model-based control and - in contrast to passive dynamic walkers - active balance control is required. To achieve these objectives, in this paper we add two crucial elements to legged locomotion, i.e., floating-base inverse dynamics control and predictive force control, and we show that these elements increase robustness in face of unknown and unanticipated perturbations (e.g. obstacles). Furthermore, we introduce a novel line-based COG trajectory planner, which yields a simpler algorithm than traditional polygon based methods and creates the appropriate input to our control system.We show results from bot- h simulation and real world of a robotic dog walking over non-perceived obstacles and rocky terrain. The results prove the effectivity of the inverse dynamics/force controller. The presented results show that we have all elements needed for robust all-terrain locomotion, which should also generalize to other legged systems, e.g., humanoid robots.},
Author = {Buchli, Jonas and Kalakrishnan, Mrinal and Mistry, Michael and Pastor, Peter and Schaal, Stefan},
Doi = {10.1109/IROS.2009.5354681},
Isbn = {9781424438037},
Journal = {2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
Pages = {814--820},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{Compliant quadruped locomotion over rough terrain}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5354681},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5354681},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2009.5354681}}
@article{Burdet2001,
Abstract = {To manipulate objects or to use tools we must compensate for any forces arising from interaction with the physical environment. Recent studies indicate that this compensation is achieved by learning an internal model of the dynamics, that is, a neural representation of the relation between motor command and movement. In these studies interaction with the physical environment was stable, but many common tasks are intrinsically unstable. For example, keeping a screwdriver in the slot of a screw is unstable because excessive force parallel to the slot can cause the screwdriver to slip and because misdirected force can cause loss of contact between the screwdriver and the screw. Stability may be dependent on the control of mechanical impedance in the human arm because mechanical impedance can generate forces which resist destabilizing motion. Here we examined arm movements in an unstable dynamic environment created by a robotic interface. Our results show that humans learn to stabilize unstable dynamics using the skillful and energy-efficient strategy of selective control of impedance geometry.},
Author = {Burdet, E. and Osu, R. and Franklin, D. W. and Milner, T. E. and Kawato, M.},
Doi = {10.1038/35106566},
Issn = {00280836},
Journal = {Nature},
Number = {6862},
Pages = {446--9},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
Title = {{The central nervous system stabilizes unstable dynamics by learning optimal impedance.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11719805},
Volume = {414},
Year = {2001}}
@article{cambon2009,
Author = {Cambon, S and Alami, R and Gravot, F},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Pages = {104--126},
Title = {{A Hybrid Approach to Intricate Motion, Manipulation and Task Planning}},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2009}}
@article{Chan1995,
Author = {Chan, T F and Dubey, V D},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation},
Number = {2},
Pages = {286--292},
Title = {{A Weighted Least-Norm Solution Based Scheme for Avoiding Joint Limits for Redundant Joint Manipulators}},
Volume = {11},
Year = {1995}}
@article{ChaumetteFrancoisandMarchand2001,
Author = {{Chaumette, Fran\c{c}ois and Marchand}, Eric},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation},
Number = {5},
Pages = {719--730},
Title = {{A redundancy-based iterative approach for avoiding joint limits: Application to visual servoing}},
Volume = {17},
Year = {2001}}
@inproceedings{Cheng2006,
Author = {Cheng, G. and Hyon, S.-H. and Morimoto, J. and Ude, A. and Colvin, G. and Scroggin, W. and Jacobsen, S.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots},
Pages = {182--187},
Title = {{CB: A Humanoid Research Platform for Exploring NeuroScience}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4115599},
Year = {2006},
doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2006.321382}}
@article{Coffey2011,
Author = {Coffey, N. and Harrison, A. J. and Donoghue, O. A. and Hayes, K.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.005},
Issn = {18727646},
Journal = {Human Movement Science},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1144--1166},
Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
Title = {{Common functional principal components analysis: A new approach to analyzing human movement data}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543128},
Volume = {30},
Year = {2011},
doi = {10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.005}}
@inproceedings{colette2008,
Address = {Pasadena, USA},
Author = {Collette, C. and Micaelli, A. and Lemerle, P. and Andriot, C.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics \& Automation},
Pages = {3187--3193},
Title = {{Robust Balance Optimization Control of Humanoid Robots with Multiple non Coplanar Grasps and Frictional Contacts}},
Year = {2008}}
@inproceedings{Dalibard2009,
Author = {Dalibard, S. and Nakhaei, A. and Lamiraux, F. and Laumond, J.-P.},
Doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2009.5379547},
Isbn = {978-1-4244-4597-4},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots},
Month = dec,
Pages = {355--360},
Title = {{Whole-body task planning for a humanoid robot: a way to integrate collision avoidance}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5379547},
Year = {2009},
doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2009.5379547}}
@inproceedings{Daniel2012,
Author = {Daniel, C. and Neumann, G. and Peters, J.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
Title = {{Hierarchical Relative Entropy Policy Search}},
Year = {2012}}
@article{Escande2009,
Author = {Escande, A and Kheddar, A and Miossec, S and Garsault, S},
Institution = {Springer},
Journal = {Experimental Robotics},
Pages = {293--302},
Title = {{Planning support contact-points for acyclic motions and experiments on HRP-2}},
Year = {2009}}
@inproceedings{Escande2010,
Author = {Escande, A. and Mansard, N. and Wieber, P.-B.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Pages = {3733--3738},
Title = {{Fast Resolution of Hierarchized Inverse Kinematics with Inequality Constraints}},
Year = {2010}}
@article{Escande2006,
Author = {Escande, Adrien},
Institution = {IEEE},
Journal = {Intelligent Robots and Systems 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on},
Pages = {2974--2979},
Title = {{Planning support contact-points for humanoid robots and experiments on HRP-2}},
Year = {2006}}
@article{Escande2009a,
Author = {Escande, Adrien and Kheddar, Abderrahmane and Overall, A},
Doi = {10.1109/IROS.2009.5354371},
Isbn = {9781424438044},
Journal = {October},
Pages = {435--440},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{Contact Planning for Acyclic Motion with Tasks Constraints}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5354371},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5354371},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2009.5354371}}
@inproceedings{Faverjon1987,
Author = {Faverjon, B and Tournassoud, P},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Pages = {1152--1159},
Title = {{A local based approach for path planning of manipulators with a high number of degrees of freedom}},
Year = {1987}}
@inproceedings{Droniou2012,
Author={Droniou, A. and Ivaldi, S. and Padois, V. and Sigaud, O.},
Booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
Title={Autonomous Online Learning of Velocity Kinematics on the iCub: a Comparative Study},
Year={2012}}
@article{Featherstone1999a,
Abstract = {This paper is the second in a two part series describing a recursive, divide and conquer algorithm for calculating the forward dynamics of a robot mechanism, or a general rigid body system, on a parallel computer. This paper presents the general version of the algorithm. The derivation begins with an algorithm for kinematic trees, which is then extended to closed loop systems. The general algorithm achieves O(log(n)) time complexity on O(n) processors for all kinematic trees and a large subset of closed loop systems.This paper also presents a more accurate version of the algorithm and the results of some numerical accuracy tests that compare both versions with the standard articulated body algorithm. The tests use rigid body systems containing up to 1024 bodies, and they show that the divide and conquer algorithm is substantially less accurate than the best serial algorithm but still accurate enough to be useful.},
Author = {Featherstone, R},
Doi = {10.1177/02783649922066628},
Issn = {02783649},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {9},
Pages = {876--892},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Title = {{A Divide-and-Conquer Articulated-Body Algorithm for Parallel O(log(n)) Calculation of Rigid-Body Dynamics. Part 2: Trees, Loops, and Accuracy}},
Url = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/02783649922066628},
Volume = {18},
Year = {1999},
doi = {10.1177/02783649922066628}}
@article{Featherstone1999,
Abstract = {This paper presents a recursive, divide-and-conquer algorithm for calculating the forward dynamics of a robot mechanism, or general rigid-body system, on a parallel computer. It features O(log(n)) time complexity on O(n) processors and is the fastest available algorithm for a computer with a large number of processors and low communications costs. It is an exact, noniterative algorithm and is applicable to mechanisms with any joint type and any topology, including branches and kinematic loops. The algorithm works by recursive application of a formula that constructs the articulatedbody equations of motion of an assembly from those of its constituent parts. The inputs to this formula are the equations of motion of two independent subassemblies, plus a description of how they are to be connected, and the output is the equation of motion of the assembly. Starting with a collection of unconnected rigid bodies, the equations of motion of any rigid-body system can be constructed by repeated application of this formula. This paper, being the first in a two-part series, presents an overview of the new algorithm and a detailed description of the simplest case: unbranched kinematic chains. Details of the general case are presented in Part 2.},
Author = {Featherstone, R},
Doi = {10.1177/02783649922066619},
Issn = {02783649},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {9},
Pages = {867--875},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Title = {{A Divide-and-Conquer Articulated-Body Algorithm for Parallel O(log(n)) Calculation of Rigid-Body Dynamics. Part 1: Basic Algorithm}},
Url = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/02783649922066619},
Volume = {18},
Year = {1999},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/02783649922066619},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783649922066619}}
@article{Featherstone2010,
Author = {Featherstone, R},
Doi = {10.1177/0278364909357644},
Issn = {02783649},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1353--1368},
Title = {{Exploiting Sparsity in Operational-space Dynamics}},
Url = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0278364909357644},
Volume = {29},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0278364909357644},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364909357644}}
@article{Forner-Cordero2005,
Abstract = {Principal components analysis (PCA) has not been very much in vogue within the field of movement coordination even though it is useful to reduce data dimensionality and to reveal underlying data structures. Traditionally, studies of coordination between two joints have predominantly made use of relative phase analyses. This has resulted in the identification of principal constraints that govern the Central Nervous System's organization and the control of coordination patterns. However, relative phase analyses on pairwise joints have some drawbacks because they are not optimal for revealing convergent patterns among multijoint coordination modes and for unraveling generic control strategies. In this paper, we present a method to analyze multijoint coordination based on the properties of PC, more specifically the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. The comparison between relative phase analysis and PCA shows that both provide similar and consistent results, underscoring the latter technique's sensitivity to the study of coordination performance. In addition, it provides a method for automatic pattern detection as well as an index of performance for each joint within the context of the global coordination pattern. Finally, the merit of the PCA technique within the context of central pattern generators (CPG) will be discussed.},
Author = {Forner-Cordero, A. and Levin, O. and Li, Y. and Swinnen, S. P.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00422-005-0582-y},
Isbn = {3491871190},
Issn = {03401200},
Journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
Keywords = {a,bimanual,coordination,forner cordero,levin,li,motor control laboratory,multijoint,o,p,phase,principal components,relative,s,swinnen,y},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63--78},
Pmid = {16021517},
Title = {{Principal component analysis of complex multijoint coordinative movements}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16021517},
Volume = {93},
Year = {2005},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16021517},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-005-0582-y}}
@article{Fumagalli2010learning,
Author = {Fumagalli, M. and Gijsberts, A. and Ivaldi, S. and Jamone, L. and Metta, G. and Natale, L. and Nori, F. and Sandini, G.},
Journal = {From Motor Learning to Interaction Learning in Robots},
Keywords = {force sensing,humanoid robotics,machine learning},
Pages = {149--167},
Publisher = {Springer},
Title = {{Learning to exploit proximal force sensing: a comparison approach}},
Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/a36876481251n485.pdf},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/a36876481251n485.pdf}}
@article{Gillette2005,
Abstract = {Sit-to-stand movements are a fundamental daily activity and a prerequisite to upright posture. Previous simulations of spinal cord injured individuals using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) suggested a forward foot placement would reduce hand-support forces. However, this recommendation has proved to be difficult for able-bodied individuals standing hands-free and for individuals with spinal cord injuries standing with a walker. This inverse model is a step towards the goal of using forward simulations to determine efficient sit-to-stand strategies. Initial seated postures varied from 80-110 degrees of knee flexion and 90-120 degrees of hip flexion. Realistic progressions of lower extremity joint angles including development of linear momentum were created using sigmoid functions. These kinematic values were used to estimate the required resultant joint torques to complete sit-to-stand. Joint torque values that act to raise the body were combined to indicate sit-to-stand difficulty from different seated postures. A representative foot-forward placement (knee 80 degrees, hip 90 degrees) resulted in a maximum combined torque of 544 Nm. In contrast, a representative foot-back placement (knee 110 degrees, hip 120 degrees) resulted in a maximum combined torque of 661 Nm. An intermediate seated posture (knee 97 degrees, hip 90 degrees) produced the lowest maximum combined torque of 401 Nm (2 Nm ankle plantarflexion, 201 Nm knee extension, 198 Nm hip extension). Foot-forward placement required substantial ankle dorsiflexion torques. The most efficient strategy appeared to be combining a foot back placement with momentum generation using hip flexion. By generalizing the sit-to-stand model beyond FNS-driven movements, further insight may be gained into other populations (i.e., elderly).},
Author = {Gillette, Jason C and Stevermer, Catherine A and Raina, Shashank and Derrick, Timothy R},
Institution = {Department of Health and Human Performance, Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1160, USA.},
Journal = {Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation},
Pages = {7--12},
Pmid = {15850074},
Title = {{Support torques during simulated sit-to-stand movements.}},
Volume = {41},
Year = {2005}}
@misc{Grunwald2003,
Abstract = {Mobile service robots will share their workspaces, e.g., offices, hospitals, or households, with humans. Thus, a direct contact between man and machine is inevitable. Robots equipped with appropriate sensors can sense the touch. In this paper, we present how an unskilled user can intuitively teach the lightweight robot at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\ßling, Germany, just by touching the arm. Programming by "touch" is very intuitive as you take the robot by the hand and demonstrate the movements. This feature can also be used to interact with the service robot while executing a task. Therefore, if our seven-degrees-of-freedom robot arm senses a touch, it will react by an evasive motion of the touched links while keeping the orientation of the tool center point.},
Author = {Grunwald, G and Schreiber, G and Albu-Schaffer, A and Hirzinger, G},
Booktitle = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
Doi = {10.1109/TIE.2003.814759},
File = {::},
Issn = {02780046},
Number = {4},
Pages = {659--666},
Title = {{Programming by touch: the different way of human-robot interaction}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1215468},
Volume = {50},
Year = {2003},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1215468},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2003.814759}}
@article{Guenter2007,
Author = {Guenter, Florent and Hersch, Micha and Calinon, Sylvain and Billard, Aude},
Journal = {RSJ Advanced Robotics},
Number = {13},
Pages = {1521--1544},
Title = {{Reinforcement Learning for Imitating Constrained Reaching Movements}},
Volume = {21},
Year = {2007}}
@article{Hale2007b,
Abstract = {This paper proposes an effective framework of human-humanoid robot physical interaction. Its key component is a new control technique for full-body balancing in the presence of external forces, which is presented and then validated empirically. We have adopted an integrated system approach to develop humanoid robots. Herein, we describe the importance of replicating human-like capabilities and responses during human-robot interaction in this context. Our balancing controller provides gravity compensation, making the robot passive and thereby facilitating safe physical interactions. The method operates by setting an appropriate ground reaction force and transforming these forces into full-body joint torques. It handles an arbitrary number of force interaction points on the robot. It does not require force measurement at interested contact points. It requires neither inverse kinematics nor inverse dynamics. It can adapt to uneven ground surfaces. It operates as a force control process, and can therefore, accommodate simultaneous control processes using force-, velocity-, or position-based control. Forces are distributed over supporting contact points in an optimal manner. Joint redundancy is resolved by damping injection in the context of passivity. We present various force interaction experiments using our full-sized bipedal humanoid platform, including compliant balance, even when affected by unknown external forces, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.},
Author = {Hale, J G and Cheng, G},
Doi = {10.1109/TRO.2007.904896},
Issn = {15523098},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
Number = {5},
Pages = {884--898},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Full-Body Compliant Human--Humanoid Interaction: Balancing in the Presence of Unknown External Forces}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4339533},
Volume = {23},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4339533},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2007.904896}}
@article{Harada2003,
Abstract = {This paper discusses the pushing manipulation of an object by a humanoid robot. For such a pushing task, we show that there are two kinds of ZMPs, i.e., the conventional "Zero Moment Point (ZMP)" considering all sources of the force/moment acting in the foot supporting area, and the "Generalized Zero Moment Point (GZMP)" which is an generalization of ZMP for a humanoid robot whose hands do not contact with an object. We first obtain the stable region of the GZMP on the floor. Moreover, since the difference between these two ZMPs corresponds to the magnitude of contact force applied by the hands, we propose the pushing manipulation by a humanoid robot by modifying the desired ZMP trajectory for a humanoid. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation results.},
Author = {Harada, K and Kajita, S and Kaneko, K and Hirukawa, H},
Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2003.1241827},
Isbn = {0780377362},
Journal = {2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1627--1632},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{Pushing manipulation by humanoid considering two-kinds of ZMPs}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1241827},
Volume = {2},
Year = {2003},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1241827},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2003.1241827}}
@article{Harada2007,
Abstract = {This paper proposes a new style of manipulation by a humanoid robot. Focusing on the task of pushing an object, the foot placement is planned in real time according to the result of manipulation of the object. By using the impedance control of the arms, the humanoid robot can stably push the object regardless of the mass of the object. If the object is heavy, the humanoid robot pushes it by walking slowly and vice versa. Also, for planning the gait in real time, we propose a new analytical method where a newly calculated trajectory of the robot motion is smoothly connected to the current one. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation and experiment},
Author = {Harada, Kensuke and Kajita, Shuuji and Kanehiro, Fumio and Fujiwara, Kiyoshi and Kaneko, Kenji and Yokoi, Kazuhito and Hirukawa, Hirohisa},
Doi = {10.1109/TMECH.2006.886254},
Issn = {10834435},
Journal = {IEEEASME Transactions on Mechatronics},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53--62},
Title = {{Real-Time Planning of Humanoid Robot's Gait for Force-Controlled Manipulation}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4088968},
Volume = {12},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4088968},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2006.886254}}
@article{Hauser2005,
Abstract = {This paper presents a non-gaited motion planner for humanoid robots navigating very uneven and sloped terrain. The planner allows contact with any pre-designated part of the robots body, since the use of hands or knees (in addition to feet) may be required to balance. It uses a probabilistic, sample-based approach to compute each step. One challenge of this approach is that most randomly sampled configurations do not satisfy all motion constraints (closed-chain, equilibrium, collision). To address this problem, a method of iterative constraint enforce- ment is presented that samples feasible configurations much more quickly. Example motions planned for the humanoid robot HRP-2 are shown in simulation.},
Author = {Hauser, K and Bretl, T and Latomb, J C},
Doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573537},
File = {::},
Institution = {IEEE},
Isbn = {0780393201},
Journal = {5th IEEERAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots 2005},
Pages = {7--12},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{Non-gaited humanoid locomotion planning}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1573537},
Year = {2005},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1573537},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573537}}
@inproceedings{Hayashi2007,
Abstract = {In this paper, the development of a robot which has "flesh" made of soft polyurethane foam is presented. In order for a robot to behave in contact with an environment, people and itself, it is necessary to have not only rigid bone but also soft flesh. We developed a small humanoid robot "macra" which has thick soft flesh with distributed tactile sensors. A comparative discussion about possible materials of soft cover is described, and then thermal design was explored. A problem about movability of joints and implementation of tactile sensing was described. In the last part of this paper, several examples of advantages which are derived from soft polyurethane foam exterior parts with distributed three-axis force/torque sensors are shown.},
Author = {Hayashi, M. and Sagisaka, T. and Ishizaka, Y. and Yoshikai, T. and Inaba, M.},
Doi = {10.1109/IROS.2007.4399360},
Isbn = {9781424409112},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
Pages = {3610--3615},
Title = {{Development of functional whole-body flesh with distributed three-axis force sensors to enable close interaction by humanoids}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4399360},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4399360},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399360}}
@article{Hirzinger2001,
Abstract = {The paper describes the recent design and development efforts in DLR Robotics Lab towards the second generation of light-weight robots. The design of the light weight mechanics, integrated sensors and electronics is outlined. The fully sensory joint, with motor and link position sensors as well as joint torque sensors enables the implementation of effective vibration damping and advanced control strategies for compliant manipulation. The mechatronic approach incorporates a tight collaboration between mechanics, electronics and controller design. The authors hope that important steps towards a new generation of service and personal robots have been achieved.},
Author = {Hirzinger, G and Albu-Schaffer, A and Hahnle, M and Schaefer, I and Sporer, N},
Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2001.933136},
Institution = {IEEE},
Isbn = {0780365763},
Issn = {10504729},
Journal = {Proceedings 2001 ICRA IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Cat No01CH37164},
Pages = {3356--3363},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{On a new generation of torque controlled light-weight robots}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=933136},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2001},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=933136},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2001.933136}}
@article{Huang2011,
Abstract = {Background: Understanding how stability and/or maneuverability affects motor control strategies can provide insight on moving about safely in an unpredictable world. Stability in human movement has been well-studied while maneuverability has not. Further, a tradeoff between stability and maneuverability during movement seems apparent, yet has not been quantified. We proposed that greater maneuverability, the ability to rapidly and purposefully change movement direction and speed, is beneficial in uncertain environments. We also hypothesized that gaining maneuverability comes at the expense of stability and perhaps also corresponds with decreased muscle coactivation. Materials and Methods: We used a goal-directed forward lean movement task that integrated both stability and maneuverability. Subjects (n=11) used their center of pressure to control a cursor on a computer monitor to reach a target. We added task uncertainty by shifting the target anterior-posterior position mid-movement. We used a balance board with a narrow beam that reduced the base of support in the medio-lateral direction and defined stability as the probability that subjects could keep the balance board level during the task. Results: During the uncertainty condition, subjects were able to change direction of their anterior-posterior center of pressure more rapidly, indicating that subjects were more maneuverable. Furthermore, medio-lateral center of pressure excursions also approached the edges of the beam and reduced stability margins, implying that subjects were less stable (i.e. less able to keep the board level). On the narrow beam board, subjects increased muscle coactivation of lateral muscle pairs and had greater muscle activity in the left leg. However, there were no statistically significant differences in muscle activity amplitudes or coactivation with uncertainty. Conclusions/Significance: These results demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between stability and maneuverability during a goal-directed whole-body movement. Tasks with added uncertainty could help individuals learn to be more maneuverable yet sufficiently stable.},
Author = {Huang, H. J. and Ahmed, A. A.},
Editor = {Lucia, Alejandro},
File = {::},
Institution = {Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America. [email protected]},
Journal = {{PLoS ONE}},
Number = {7},
Pages = {10},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science},
Title = {{Tradeoff between Stability and Maneuverability during Whole-Body Movements}},
Url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021815},
Volume = {6},
Year = {2011},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021815}}
@article{Huo2011,
Author = {Huo, L and Baron, L},
File = {::},
Journal = {Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing},
Number = {1},
Pages = {367--376},
Title = {{The self-adaptation of weights for joint-limits and singularity avoidances of functionally redundant robotic-task}},
Volume = {27},
Year = {2011}}
@article{Hyon2009,
Abstract = {This paper reports the applicability of our passivity-based contact force control framework for biped humanoids. We experimentally demonstrate its adaptation to unknown rough terrain. Adaptation to uneven ground is achieved by optimally distributed antigravitational forces applied to preset contact points in a feedforward manner, even without explicitly measuring the external forces or the terrain shape. Adaptation to unknown inclination is also possible by combining an active balancing controller based on the center-of-mass (CoM) measurements with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, we show that a simple impedance controller for supporting the feet or hands allows the robot to adapt to low-friction ground without prior knowledge of the ground friction. This presentation includes supplementary experimental videos that show a full-sized biped humanoid robot balancing on uneven ground or time-varying inclination.},
Author = {Hyon, Sang-Ho},
Doi = {10.1109/TRO.2008.2006870},
Issn = {15523098},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
Number = {1},
Pages = {171--178},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Compliant Terrain Adaptation for Biped Humanoids Without Measuring Ground Surface and Contact Forces}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4671091},
Volume = {25},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4671091},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2008.2006870}}
@article{Hyon2007,
Abstract = {This paper proposes an effective framework of human-humanoid robot physical interaction. Its key component is a new control technique for full-body balancing in the presence of external forces, which is presented and then validated empirically. We have adopted an integrated system approach to develop humanoid robots. Herein, we describe the importance of replicating human-like capabilities and responses during human-robot interaction in this context. Our balancing controller provides gravity compensation, making the robot passive and thereby facilitating safe physical interactions. The method operates by setting an appropriate ground reaction force and transforming these forces into full-body joint torques. It handles an arbitrary number of force interaction points on the robot. It does not require force measurement at interested contact points. It requires neither inverse kinematics nor inverse dynamics. It can adapt to uneven ground surfaces. It operates as a force control process, and can therefore, accommodate simultaneous control processes using force-, velocity-, or position-based control. Forces are distributed over supporting contact points in an optimal manner. Joint redundancy is resolved by damping injection in the context of passivity. We present various force interaction experiments using our full-sized bipedal humanoid platform, including compliant balance, even when affected by unknown external forces, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.},
Author = {Hyon, Sang-Ho and Hale, J G and Cheng, G},
Doi = {10.1109/TRO.2007.904896},
Issn = {15523098},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
Number = {5},
Pages = {884--898},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Full-Body Compliant Human--Humanoid Interaction: Balancing in the Presence of Unknown External Forces}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4339533},
Volume = {23},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4339533},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2007.904896}}
@article{Ikemoto2009,
Author = {Ikemoto, Shuhei and Amor, Heni Ben and Minato, Takashi and Ishiguro, Hiroshi and Jung, Bernhard},
Doi = {10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326164},
Isbn = {9781424450817},
Journal = {ROMAN 2009 The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication},
Pages = {504--509},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{Physical interaction learning: Behavior adaptation in cooperative human-robot tasks involving physical contact}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5326164},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5326164},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326164}}
@article{Ishiguro2001,
Abstract = {The authors have developed a robot called "Robovie" that has unique mechanisms designed for communication with humans. Robovie can generate human-like behaviors by using human-like actuators and vision and audio sensors. Software is a key element in the systems development. Two important ideas in human-robot communication through research from the viewpoint of cognitive science have been obtained - one is importance of physical expressions using the body and the other is the effectiveness of the robot's autonomy in the robot's utterance recognition by humans. Based on these psychological experiments, a new architecture that generates episode chains in interactions with humans is developed. The basic structure of the architecture is a network of situated modules. Each module consists of elemental behaviors to entrain humans and a behavior for communicating with humans.},
Author = {Ishiguro, Hiroshi and Ono, Tetsuo and Imai, Michita and Maeda, Takeshi and Kanda, Takayuki and Nakatsu, Ryohei},
Doi = {10.1108/01439910110410051},
Issn = {0143991X},
Journal = {Industrial Robot An International Journal},
Number = {6},
Pages = {498--504},
Publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
Title = {{Robovie: an interactive humanoid robot}},
Url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/049/2001/00000028/00000006/art00006},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2001},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/049/2001/00000028/00000006/art00006},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910110410051}}
@article{Jain,
Author = {Jain, A. and Killpack, M. and Edsinger, A. and Kemp, C.},
Title = {{Reaching in clutter with whole-arm tactile sensing}},
Year = {2013},
volume = 32,
Number = 4,
Journal = {{The International Journal Of Robotics Research}},
doi = {10.1177/0278364912471865},
month = apr
}
@article{Janssen2002,
Abstract = {The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a skill that helps determine the functional level of a person. Assessment of the STS movement has been done using quantitative and semiquantitative techniques. The purposes of this study were to identify the determinants of the STS movement and to describe their influence on the performance of the STS movement.},
Author = {Janssen, W. G. M. and Bussmann, H. B. J. and Stam, H. J.},
File = {::},
Issn = {0031-9023},
Journal = {Physical Therapy},
Keywords = {Ankle Joint,Ankle Joint: physiology,Biomechanics,Hip Joint,Hip Joint: physiology,Humans,Knee Joint,Knee Joint: physiology,Motor Skills,Movement,Movement: physiology,Muscle, Skeletal,Muscle, Skeletal: physiology,Posture,Posture: physiology,Research,Weight-Bearing},
Language = {en},
Month = sep,
Number = {9},
Pages = {866--79},
Publisher = {American Physical Therapy Association},
Title = {{Determinants of the sit-to-stand movement: a review}},
Url = {http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/82/9/866.full},
Volume = {82},
Year = {2002},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/82/9/866.full}}
@article{Johannsen2012,
Abstract = {Sway is reduced by light nonsupporting touch between parts of the body and a fixed surface. This effect is assumed to reflect augmentation of sensory cues for sway by point-of-contact reaction forces. It has been shown that movement of the contact surface can increase sway relative to an earth-fixed contact. Light touch contact with another person, for example, holding hands, affords a moving contact due to partner sway. We asked whether interpersonal light touch (IPLT) would increase sway relative to standing alone. We expected effects on sway to vary as a function of the site of contact and the postural stability of each partner. Eight pairs of participants, standing in either normal bipedal or tandem Romberg stance with eyes closed and using IPLT (finger to finger or shoulder to shoulder) or no contact, provided 4 trials of 30-s duration in each of 12 posture-touch combinations. Sway (SD of the rate of change of upper trunk position at C7) was reliably less with IPLT compared with no contact, with two exceptions: in normal stance, shoulder contact with a partner in tandem stance, and in tandem Romberg stance, finger contact with a partner in the same stance, increased sway. Otherwise, the reduction in sway was greater with shoulder than with finger contact. Measures of interpersonal synchronization based on cross-correlations and coherence analysis between the partners' C7 movements suggest different control factors operate to reduce sway in IPLT with the hand or shoulder contact.},
Author = {Johannsen, L. and Wing, A. M and Hatzitaki, V.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.00149.2011},
Issn = {15221598},
Journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
Number = {1},
Pages = {216--25},
Pmid = {21957227},
Title = {{Contrasting effects of finger and shoulder interpersonal light touch on standing balance.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21957227},
Volume = {107},
Year = {2012},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21957227},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00149.2011}}
@article{Kanehiro2004,
Abstract = {This paper introduces an open architecture humanoid robotics platform (OpenHRP) on which various building blocks of humanoid robotics can be investigated. OpenHRP is a virtual humanoid robot platform with a compatible humanoid robot, and consists of a simulator of humanoid robots and motion control library for them which can also be applied to a compatible humanoid robot as it is. OpenHRP is expected to initiate the exploration of humanoid robotics on an open architecture software and hardware, due to the unification of the controllers and the examined consistency between the simulator and a real humanoid robot.},
Author = {Kanehiro, Fumio and Hirukawa, Hirohisa and Kajita, Shuuji},
Doi = {10.1177/0278364904041324},
Isbn = {0780372727},
Issn = {02783649},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155--165},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Series = {Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics},
Title = {{OpenHRP: Open Architecture Humanoid Robotics Platform}},
Url = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0278364904041324},
Volume = {23},
Year = {2004},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0278364904041324},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364904041324}}
@inproceedings{Kanoun2009,
Author = {Kanoun, O and Lamiraux, F and Wieber, P B and Kanehiro, F and Yoshida, E and Laumond, J P},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
File = {::},
Pages = {2939--2944},
Title = {{Prioritizing linear equality and inequality systems: application to local motion planning for redundant robots}},
Year = {2009}}
@article{Khatib1986,
Author = {Khatib, O},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {1},
Pages = {90--98},
Title = {{Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance for Manipulators and Mobile Robots}},
Volume = {5},
Year = {1986}}
@article{Khatib1987,
Author = {Khatib, Oussama},
Journal = {IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43--53},
Title = {{A Unified Approach for Motion and Force Control of Robot Manipulators: The Operational Space Formulation}},
Volume = {3},
Year = {1987}}
@article{Kober2010,
Abstract = {Many motor skills in humanoid robotics can be learned using parametrized motor primitives. While successful applications to date have been achieved with imitation learning, most of the interesting motor learning problems are high-dimensional reinforcement learning problems. These problems are often beyond the reach of current reinforcement learning methods. In this paper, we study parametrized policy search methods and apply these to benchmark problems of motor primitive learning in robotics. We show that many well-known parametrized policy search methods can be derived from a general, common framework. This framework yields both policy gradient methods and expectation-maximization (EM) inspired algorithms. We introduce a novel EM-inspired algorithm for policy learning that is particularly well-suited for dynamical system motor primitives. We compare this algorithm, both in simulation and on a real robot, to several well-known parametrized policy search methods such as episodic REINFORCE, 'Vanilla' Policy Gradients with optimal baselines, episodic Natural Actor Critic, and episodic Reward-Weighted Regression. We show that the proposed method out-performs them on an empirical benchmark of learning dynamical system motor primitives both in simulation and on a real robot. We apply it in the context of motor learning and show that it can learn a complex Ball-in-a-Cup task on a real Barrett WAM robot arm.},
Author = {Kober, Jens and Peters, Jan},
Editor = {Koller, D and Schuurmans, D and Bengio, Y and Bottou, L},
File = {::},
Journal = {Machine Learning},
Keywords = {learning,statistics \& optimisation},
Number = {September},
Pages = {1--8},
Publisher = {Citeseer},
Title = {{Policy search for motor primitives in robotics}},
Url = {http://eprints.pascal-network.org/archive/00008048/},
Volume = {21},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://eprints.pascal-network.org/archive/00008048/}}
@inproceedings{Koganezawa2005,
Abstract = {This paper deals with mechanical stiffness control of multi-DOF joint. It fundamentally mimics skeleton-muscular system of human articulation, in which at least two muscles cooperatively handle one DOF under their antagonistic action. In the first part of the paper one describes a novel actuator called ANLES (actuator with non-linear elastic system) that mimics a skeletal muscle in the sense of having a non-linear elasticity. Next one introduces a basic formula for controlling stiffness of the joint as well as its angles using multiple ANLESes. It follows the evaluation of the proposed formula by the simulation analysis. Three DOF joint manipulated by six or eight tendons that are individually controlled by the ANLES is evaluated with respect to the stiffness control.},
Author = {Koganezawa, K.},
Doi = {10.1109/IROS.2005.1545354},
Isbn = {0780389123},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
Pages = {1544--1551},
Title = {{Mechanical stiffness control for antagonistically driven joints}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1545354},
Year = {2005},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1545354},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545354}}
@article{Kormushev2011,
Author = {Kormushev, Petar and Ugurlu, Barkan and Calinon, Sylvain and Tsagarakis, Nikolaos G and Caldwell, Darwin G},
Isbn = {9781612844558},
Journal = {Darwin},
Publisher = {Hogrefe-Verlag},
Title = {{Bipedal Walking Energy Minimization by Reinforcement Learning with Evolving Policy Parameterization}},
Url = {http://amazon.de/o/ASIN/3801710025/},
Year = {2011},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://amazon.de/o/ASIN/3801710025/}}
@article{Krishnamoorthy2004,
Abstract = {Muscle synergies in postural tasks have recently been studied using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis. A set of three hypothetical control variables, named M-modes, derived from the activity of 11 postural muscles, were identified. It was shown that postural synergies composed of these three M-modes preserve a certain shift of the center of pressure (COP) when subjects perform postural tasks while standing on a stable surface. In the present study we investigated the effects of support surface instability and availability of a light touch or grasp of a stable external support on the M-modes and their co-variation. The study was performed in two sessions. In the first session subjects released a load behind the body under four conditions: standing on a stable surface with no support (ST), standing on an unstable surface with no support (UN), standing on an unstable surface with a light touch (UN,T) and standing on an unstable surface with grasp of a stable object (UN,G). In the second session subjects performed two tasks: an arm movement backward and voluntary sway forward (towards the toes) under three conditions-ST, UN and UN,T. Principal component analysis was used to identify M-modes from data in the first session, and a UCM analysis was performed to study M-mode synergies in postural stabilization from data in the second session. A 'menu' of five M-modes was found, which were named either reciprocal M-modes or co-contraction M-modes based on the agonist-antagonist relationship of muscles comprising each mode. For a given task, subjects chose any three of these five M-modes in a subject- and task-specific manner. The reciprocal and co-contraction M-modes occurred equally frequently whether subjects stood on a stable or unstable support surface or whether a light touch was available or not. However, the co-contraction M-modes predominated when grasp of an object was available. In this condition, when the arm could be used for stabilization, there were M-modes uniting hip and shoulder muscles. However, the identified M-mode synergies were not found to lead to a consistent shift in the COP in any of the stability conditions. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed.},
Author = {Krishnamoorthy, V. and Latash, M. L and Scholz, J. P. and Zatsiorsky, V. M.},
Institution = {Deptartment of Kinesiology, Rec. Hall 267L, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.},
Journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
Keywords = {adult,electromyography,electromyography statistics \& numerical data,feedback,feedback physiology,female,fingers,fingers innervation,fingers physiology,hand strength,hand strength physiology,humans,leg,leg innervation,leg physiology,male,muscle,muscle contraction,muscle contraction physiology,postural balance,postural balance physiology,pressure,reflex,reflex physiology,skeletal,skeletal innervation,skeletal physiology,touch,touch physiology,weight bearing,weight bearing physiology},
Number = {1},
Pages = {18--31},
Pmid = {14985897},
Title = {{Muscle modes during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: effect of instability and additional support.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14985897},
Volume = {157},
Year = {2004},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14985897}}
@inproceedings{Kuffner2003,
Abstract = {Humanoid robotics hardware and control techniques have advanced rapidly during the last five years. Presently, several companies have announced the commercial availability of various humanoid robot prototypes. In order to improve the autonomy and overall functionality of these robots, reliable sensors, safety mechanisms, and general integrated software tools and techniques are needed. We believe that the development of practical motion planning algorithms and obstacle avoidance software for humanoid robots represents an important enabling technology. This paper gives an overview of some of our recent efforts to develop motion planning methods for humanoid robots for application tasks involving navigation, object grasping and manipulation, footstep placement, and dynamically-stable full-body motions. We show experimental results obtained by implementations running within a simulation environment as well as on actual humanoid robot hardware.},
Author = {Kuffner, J. J. and Nishiwaki, K. and Inaba, M. and Inoue, H.},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Robotics Research},
Doi = {10.1007/11008941\_39},
Editor = {Dario, Paolo and Chatila, Raja},
Isbn = {1849962197},
Number = {Isrr},
Pages = {365--374},
Publisher = {Springer},
Series = {Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics},
Title = {{Motion Planning for Humanoid Robots}},
Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/d866fc3uc388ra9t},
Volume = {15},
Year = {2003},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/d866fc3uc388ra9t},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11008941%5C_39}}
@inproceedings{Kuffner2001,
Author = {Kuffner, J. and Nishiwaki, K. and Kagami, S. and Inaba, M. and Inoue, H.},
Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2001.932631},
File = {::},
Isbn = {0-7803-6576-3},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Pages = {692--698},
Title = {{Motion planning for humanoid robots under obstacle and dynamic balance constraints}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=932631},
Year = {2001},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=932631},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2001.932631}}
@article{Latash2010,
Author = {Latash, M. L. and Levin, M. F. and Scholz, J. P. and Sch\"{o}ner, G.},
Journal = {Medicina Kaunas Lithuania},
Number = {6},
Pages = {382},
Publisher = {NIH Public Access},
Title = {{Motor control theories and their applications}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017756/},
Volume = {46},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017756/}}
@book{LaValle2006,
Author = {LaValle, S. M.},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Title = {{Planning Algorithms}},
Url = {http://planning.cs.uiuc.edu/},
Year = {2006},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://planning.cs.uiuc.edu/}}
@article{Leung2009,
Abstract = {This study investigated whether three posture-transfer strategies, No support, Chair-arm, and Cane, were associated with the smallest hip-compressed angle and the smallest ankle-compressed angle during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit for 12 elders (M age = 81.3 yr., SD = 5.9) who volunteered to participate. Using an optoelectronic movement analyzer, the smallest compressed angles of the hip and ankle were measured during standing up and sitting down. The adopted strategies had significant effects on the smallest hip-compressed angle, but not the smallest ankle-compressed angle. Although cane use led to a larger trunk angular displacement than did chair-arm use, a cane can provide help during the whole transfer process. These two strategies may be seen as adaptive mechanisms to decrease risk of anterior disequilibrium.},
Author = {Leung, C.-Y. and Chang, C.-S.},
Institution = {Tatung University.},
Journal = {Perceptual and motor skills},
Number = {3},
Pages = {695--706},
Pmid = {20178268},
Title = {{Strategies for posture transfer adopted by elders during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit}},
Url = {http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS\&CSC=Y\&NEWS=N\&PAGE=fulltext\&D=emed9\&AN=20178268},
Volume = {109},
Year = {2009},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS%5C&CSC=Y%5C&NEWS=N%5C&PAGE=fulltext%5C&D=emed9%5C&AN=20178268}}
@article{Liegeois1977,
Author = {Li\'{e}geois, A},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
Number = {12},
Pages = {868--871},
Title = {{Automatic supervisory control of the configuration and behavior of multibody mechanisms}},
Volume = {7},
Year = {1977}}
@article{Maciejewski1985,
Author = {Maciejewski, A and Klein, C},
Journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
Number = {3},
Pages = {109--117},
Title = {{Obstacle avoidance for kinematically redundant manipulators in dynamically varying environments}},
Volume = {4},
Year = {1985}}
@article{Mansard2007,
Author = {Mansard, N and Chaumette, F},
File = {::},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60--72},
Title = {{Task sequencing for high-level sensor-based control}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=4084570},
Volume = {23},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs%5C_all.jsp?arnumber=4084570}}
@article{Mansinv2009,
Author = {Mansard, N and Khatib, O and Kheddar, A},
Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
Number = {3},
Pages = {670--685},
Title = {{A unified approach to integrate unilateral constraints in the stack of tasks}},
Volume = {25},
Year = {2009}}
@article{Mergner2007a,
Abstract = {We model human postural control of upright stance during external disturbances and voluntary lean. Our focus is on how data from various sensors are combined to estimate these disturbances. Whereas most current engineering models of multisensory estimation rely on "internal observers" and complex processing, we compute our estimates by simple sensor fusion mechanisms, i.e., weighted sums of sensory signals combined with thresholds. We show with simulations that this simple device mimics human-like postural behavior in a wide range of situations and diseases. We have now embodied our mechanism in a biped humanoid robot to show that it works in the real world with complex, noisy, and imperfectly known sensors and effectors. On the other hand, we find that the more complex, internal-observer approach, when applied to bipedal posture, can also yield human-like behavior. We suggest that humans use both mechanisms: simple, fast sensor fusions with thresholding for automatic reactions (default mechanism), and more complex methods for voluntary movements. We suggest also that the fusion with thresholding mechanisms are optimized during phylogenesis but are mainly hardwired in any one organism, whereas sensorimotor learning and optimization is mainly a domain of the internal observers.},
Author = {Mergner, Thomas},
File = {::},
Institution = {Neurological University Clinic, Neurocenter, Breisacher Street 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. [email protected]},
Journal = {Progress in Brain Research},
Keywords = {biological,humans,models,postural balance,posture,proprioception,proprioception physiology},
Pages = {283--297},
Pmid = {17925253},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Series = {Progress in Brain Research},
Title = {{Modeling sensorimotor control of human upright stance.}},
Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925253},
Volume = {165},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925253}}
@article{Mergner2007b,
Abstract = {We model human postural control of upright stance during external disturbances and voluntary lean. Our focus is on how data from various sensors are combined to estimate these disturbances. Whereas most current engineering models of multisensory estimation rely on "internal observers" and complex processing, we compute our estimates by simple sensor fusion mechanisms, i.e., weighted sums of sensory signals combined with thresholds. We show with simulations that this simple device mimics human-like postural behavior in a wide range of situations and diseases. We have now embodied our mechanism in a biped humanoid robot to show that it works in the real world with complex, noisy, and imperfectly known sensors and effectors. On the other hand, we find that the more complex, internal-observer approach, when applied to bipedal posture, can also yield human-like behavior. We suggest that humans use both mechanisms: simple, fast sensor fusions with thresholding for automatic reactions (default mechanism), and more complex methods for voluntary movements. We suggest also that the fusion with thresholding mechanisms are optimized during phylogenesis but are mainly hardwired in any one organism, whereas sensorimotor learning and optimization is mainly a domain of the internal observers.},
Author = {Mergner, Thomas},
Issn = {0079-6123},
Journal = {Progress in brain research},
Keywords = {Humans,Models, Biological,Postural Balance,Posture,Proprioception,Proprioception: physiology},
Month = jan,
Pages = {283--97},
Title = {{Modeling sensorimotor control of human upright stance.}},
Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65018-8},
Volume = {165},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65018-8}}
@article{MettaG._etal2010,
Abstract = {We describe a humanoid robot platform the iCub which was designed to support collaborativeresearch in cognitive development through autonomous exploration and social interaction. Themotivation for this effort is the conviction that significantly greater impact can be leveraged by adoptingan open systems policy for software and hardware development. This creates the need for a robusthumanoid robot that offers rich perceptuo-motor capabilities with many degrees of freedom, a cognitivecapacity for learning and development, a software architecture that encourages reuse \& easy integration,and a support infrastructure that fosters collaboration and sharing of resources. The iCub satisfies all ofthese needs in the guise of an open-system platform which is freely available and which has attracted agrowing community of users and developers. To date, twenty iCubs each comprising approximately 5000mechanical and electrical parts have been delivered to several research labs in Europe and to one in theUSA.},
Author = {{Metta G.} and {Natale L.} and {Nori F.} and {Sandini G.} and {Vernon D.} and {Fadiga L.} and {von Hofsten C.} and {Rosander K.} and {Santos-Victor J.} and {Bernardino A.} and {Montesano L.}},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.010},
Issn = {0893-6080},
Journal = {Neural Networks},
Number = {Special issue on Social Cognition: From Babies to Robot},
Pages = {1125--1134},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Title = {{The iCub Humanoid Robot: An Open-Systems Platform for Research in Cognitive Development}},
Volume = {23},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.010}}
@inproceedings{Migliore2005,
Abstract = {Biological systems are able to perform movements in unpredictable environments more elegantly than traditionally engineered robotic systems. A current limitation of robotic systems is their inability to simultaneously and independently control both joint angle and joint stiffness without electromechanical feedback loops, which can reduce system stability. In this paper, we describe the development and physical implementation of a servo-actuated robotic joint that uses antagonistic, series-elastic actuation with novel nonlinear spring mechanisms. These mechanisms form a real-time mechanical feedback loop that provides the joint with angle and stiffness control through differential and common-mode actuation of the servos, respectively. This approach to joint control emulates the mechanics of antagonistic muscle groups used by animals, and we experimentally show that it is capable of independently controlling both joint angle and joint stiffness using a simple open-loop control algorithm.},
Author = {Migliore, S. A. and Brown, E. A. and DeWeerth, S. P.},
Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570814},
Isbn = {078038914X},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
month = apr,
Pages = {4508--4513},
Title = {{Biologically Inspired Joint Stiffness Control}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1570814},
Year = {2005},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1570814},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570814}}
@article{Minato2007,
Abstract = {This paper presents a new research platform, CB2, a child robot with biomimetic body for cognitive developmental robotics developed by the Socially-Synergistic Intelligence (Hereafter, Socio-SI) group of JST ERATO Asada Project. The Socio-SI group has focused on the design principles of communicative and intelligent machines and human social development through building a humanoid robot that has physical and perceptual structures close to us, that enables safe and close interactions with humans. For this purpose, CB2 was designed, especially in order to establish and maintain a long-term social interaction between human and robot. The most significant features of CB2 are a whole-body soft skin (silicon surface with many tactile sensors underneath) and flexible joints (51 pneumatic actuators). The fundamental capabilities and the preliminary experiments are shown, and the future work is discussed.},
Author = {Minato, Takashi and Yoshikawa, Yuichiro and Noda, Tomoyuki and Ishiguro, Hiroshi and Asada, Minoru},
Doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2007.4813926},
Isbn = {9781424418619},
Journal = {2007 7th IEEERAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots},
Pages = {557--562},
Publisher = {Ieee},
Title = {{CB2: A child robot with biomimetic body for cognitive developmental robotics}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4813926},
Year = {2007},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4813926},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2007.4813926}}
@inproceedings{Mistry2010b,
Abstract = {Model-based control methods can be used to enable fast, dexterous, and compliant motion of robots without sacrificing control accuracy. However, implementing such techniques on floating base robots, e.g., humanoids and legged systems, is non-trivial due to under-actuation, dynamically changing constraints from the environment, and potentially closed loop kinematics. In this paper, we show how to compute the analytically correct inverse dynamics torques for model-based control of sufficiently constrained floating base rigid-body systems, such as humanoid robots with one or two feet in contact with the environment. While our previous inverse dynamics approach relied on an estimation of contact forces to compute an approximate inverse dynamics solution, here we present an analytically correct solution by using an orthogonal decomposition to project the robot dynamics onto a reduced dimensional space, independent of contact forces. We demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of our approach on a simulated floating base bipedal humanoid robot and an actual robot dog locomoting over rough terrain.},
Author = {Mistry, Michael and Buchli, Jonas and Schaal, Stefan},
Booktitle = {2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
Month = may,
Pages = {3406--3412},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Inverse dynamics control of floating base systems using orthogonal decomposition}},
Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=5509646},
Year = {2010},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs%5C_all.jsp?arnumber=5509646}}
@article{Mistry2010,
Abstract = {In this work, we perform the challenging task of a humanoid robot standing up from a chair. First we recorded demonstrations of sit-to-stand motions from normal human subjects as well as actors performing stylized standing motions (e.g. imitating an elderly person). Ground contact force information was also collected for these motions, in order to estimate the humans center of mass trajectory. We then mapped the demonstrated motions to the humanoid robot via an inverse kinematics procedure that attempts to track the humans kinematics as well as their center-of-mass trajectory. In order to estimate the robots center-of-mass position accu- rately, we additionally used an inertial parameter identification technique that fitmass and center-of-mass link parameters from measured force data. We demonstrate the resulting motions on the Carnegie Mellon/Sarcos hydraulic humanoid robot},
Author = {Mistry, Michael and Murai, Akihiko and Yamane, Katsu and Hodgins, Jessica},
Doi = {10.1109/ICHR.2010.5686270},
Isbn = {9781424486908},
Journal = {Robotics},
Number = {2},
Pages = {218--223},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Title = {{Sit-to-Stand Task on a Humanoid Robot from Human Demonstration}},