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3.时态.md

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常用的时态形式

  • 时间
  • 状态

时序图

句子分为段动作和点动作;

  • 当段动作发生了点动作,段动作用进行时(ing),点动作用一般(不带词后缀)

1.时间

用法1 :

  • 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
  • 表示 客观事实或普遍真理。
  • 在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。

用法2. 常用于表示频率的时间状语连用,如下:

always   // 永远
usually // 通常
every morning/night/evening/day/week/year  // 每....时候
often   // 常常
sometimes  // 有时候
occasionally  //  偶尔
from time to time  // 时不时
twice a week  // 每周两次
rarely   // 罕见
seldom  // 很少
once a month  // 一个月一次
hardly   // 几乎不
ever   // 从来..., 曾经...
never  // 决不
状态 时态组合 描述
过去完成时 had + Ved had +动词加ed
过去进行时 has / were +Ving has 或 were+动词加ing
过去将来时 would + V would+动词原型
一般过去时 Ved 动词加ed
现在完成进行时 have been + Ving have been + 动词加ing
现在完成时 have +Ved have + 动词加ed 或has + 过去分词
现在进行时 as/is/are + Ving as或is或are + 动词加Ving
一般现在时 V/Vs 动词原型或动词加复数
将来完成时 will + have + Ved will + have +动词加ed
将来进行时 will/shall be+Ving will 或shall be + 动词加ing
一般将来时 will/shall +V will或shall +动词原型

1. 一般过去时 Ved

示例:

  • What did you say just now? 重点:
常用过去时间状语连用 
如:yesterday(昨天),
two days ago(两天前),
last year(去年),
the other day(前几天),
once upon a time(过去曾经),
just now(刚才),
in the old days(过去的日子里)

1.1 过去进行时 was/were+Ving

示例:

  • The report said the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it

1.2 过去完成时 had+Ved

示例:

  • No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain

重点:

  • 为点动作: 一到家就下雨;it started to rain

2.3 过去将来时 would+V

示例:

  • He said he would stay with us.

重点:

  • 一般现在时可替代过去将来时

1.2. 一般现在时 动词原型或动词加复数V/Vs

示例:

  • We'll leave as soon as it stops raining

重点:

  • as 程度副词; 一停雨,我们就走

1.2.1 现在进行时 am/is/are+Ving

示例:

  • They are cleaning the house. 重点:
  • 现在进行时的肯定句

1.2.2 现在完成时 have+Ved

示例: Have you done it?

重点:

  • 现在完成时疑问句

1.2.3 现在完成进行时 have been Ving

示例:

  • I have been looking forward to meeting you ever since we parted

重点:

  • 段动作:自从我们分开...然后... ever since we parted

1.3. 一般将来时 will/shall +V 动词原形

示例:

  • He will win in the competition.

重点:

  • 用于判断将来会发生的事情:competition 比赛

1.3.1 将来进行时 will/shall+be +Ving

示例:

  • I don't know what Jeanie will be doing at the time tomorrow

重点:

  • 段动作:明天这个时候....;this time tomorrow

1.3.2 将来完成时 will + have+Ved

示例:

  • I need the job badly,as my money will have run out by the end of next month

重点:

  • the end of

2.状态又分为有16种:

状态类型 和时间组合方式 描述
一般状态 V 动词原型
进行 be +Ving be +动词后缀加ing
过去进行时 was +Ving was +动词后缀加ing
完成 have+V have + 动词原型
完成进行 have been +Ving have been + 动词后缀加ing
过去完成进行时 had been +Ving had been + 动词原型+ing
一般过去完成时 would +Ved would + 动词原型+ed
过去将来进行时 would be +Ving would be + 动词后缀加ing

2.1 过去 (时间: Ved)

2.1.1一般过去完成时状态 Ved:

  • would +Ved

2.1.2 过去将来将来状态: would/should +V

2.1.2 过去将来进行时状态: be+Ving

  • 加上时间组合就是: would be +Ving

2.2 过去将来 (时间:will/ shall +V )

2.3 现在 (时间:V/Vs):

2.3.1 现在完成时状态: had

  • 加上时间组合:had + Ved

2.3.2 现在完成进行时状态:been

  • 加上时间组合:have been ing

2.4 将来: (时间:will/ shall V)

2.4.1 完成进行时状态

2.4.2 过去将来进行时状态

  • would be +Ving