These are methods not functions, so the syntax uses the ‘.’ after an object of type list.
For example, use mydict.values() not values(mydict) to get a list of the values.
Like list methods, (and unlike string methods), many of these don't just return a new modified copy of the dict – they modify the original list in-place (and typically don't return anything). See descriptions.
clear() return type: N/A
Clears the dictionary, i.e. deletes all items within it.
copy() return type: dict
Returns a copy of the dictionary. This is NOT the same as using =. You CAN do dict_a = dict_b, but that doesn't make a copy –
dict_a just refers to the same copy of the dictionary as dict_b,
so if you change dict_a, you are also changing dict_b. Use copy to make a real copy you can modify separately.
keys() return type: list
Returns a Python list of the keys.
pop(key) return type: varies
Removes the value (element) with the given key, and returns it.
update (newdict) return type: N/A
Adds all the key/value pairs from newdict to the dictionary. This affects the dictionary 'in-place', and doesn't return anything.
values() return type: list
Returns a Python list of the values.