diff --git a/contents/english/05-03-creative-collaborations.md b/contents/english/05-03-creative-collaborations.md index 523dc97b..fa4d71e2 100644 --- a/contents/english/05-03-creative-collaborations.md +++ b/contents/english/05-03-creative-collaborations.md @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ The narrative of the Herculaneum scrolls exemplifies how the convergence of digi The story of the Herculaneum scrolls encapsulates the essence of collaborative innovation—bridging the past with the future, merging diverse expertise to illuminate the unknown. It serves as an emblematic beginning to our exploration, reminding us that at the heart of every great discovery lies the spirit of collaboration, a spirit that continues to drive humanity forward, beyond the limits of our imagination. -Rather than exceptional, the Vesuvius Challenge and its winners trace a common pattern. Consider the 2009 Netflix Prize, which offered a million dollars to the team that could beat their internal movie recommendation algorithm by 10%. The prize competition dragged on for more than two and a half years and only succeeded in the end when the leading teams gave up working alone, but instead combined with diverse other teams and their diverse algorithms (Page 2019). +Rather than exceptional, the Vesuvius Challenge and its winners trace a common pattern. Consider the 2009 Netflix Prize, which offered a million dollars to the team that could beat their internal movie recommendation algorithm by 10%. The prize competition dragged on for more than two and a half years and only succeeded in the end when the leading teams gave up working alone, but instead combined with diverse other teams and their diverse algorithms [^1]. -Bridged differences are manifested not only in the diversity of people and their backgrounds, but in the diversity of the algorithms that they produce. Data science competitions staged on Google-owned Kaggle to solve elusive problems or predict elusive phenomena like epileptic seizures, have always been won by ensemble models that combine many models within themselves. Consider the deep neural networks that underlie most modern AI. They are made up of thousands to trillions of “component models”, and their success depends on the diversity and conflict between those components. One might even use this conception to reimagine neural networks as social networks, simulating diversity and disputes between people with diverse perspectives. Arguably this simultaneous simulation of multiple perspectives is precisely what may account for their increasing dominance on a wide range of tasks (Evans 2024). +Bridged differences are manifested not only in the diversity of people and their backgrounds, but in the diversity of the algorithms that they produce. Data science competitions staged on Google-owned Kaggle to solve elusive problems or predict elusive phenomena like epileptic seizures, have always been won by ensemble models that combine many models within themselves. Consider the deep neural networks that underlie most modern AI. They are made up of thousands to trillions of “component models”, and their success depends on the diversity and conflict between those components. One might even use this conception to reimagine neural networks as social networks, simulating diversity and disputes between people with diverse perspectives. Arguably this simultaneous simulation of multiple perspectives is precisely what may account for their increasing dominance on a wide range of tasks [^2]. ### Today @@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ Looking to the future of creative collaborations, we are on the brink of a trans **3-D Enhanced Virtual Reality Creative Spaces:** Future VR technology will allow artists, designers, and creators to step into shared virtual studios, where they can manipulate digital materials and environments as if they were physical objects, or translate digital ideas into physical ideas with 3d printing. -**AI-Assisted Design and Creativity:** Artificial intelligence will play a pivotal role in creative collaborations by offering suggestions, generating ideas, and automating parts of the creative process, allowing human collaborators to focus on innovation and experimentation. AI could also act as a mediator or facilitator in creative projects, ensuring that contributions from various team members are harmonized into a cohesive final product. While AI can mimic and automate the way humans generate ideas, we could also train AI to function as an “alien intelligence,” generating radically novel ideas that are rarely explored by humans (Sourati and Evans 2022). For instance, Google DeepMind initially trained AlphaGo to mimic human strategies in playing Go games. Conversely, their next version, AlphaGo Zero, was trained solely against other AI adversaries like itself, generating an unfamiliar and disconcerting yet effective “alien” strategy that surprised many master Go players. Research demonstrates that interacting with these diverse AI strategies has increased the novelty and diversity of the human Go-playing population (Shin et al. 2023). +**AI-Assisted Design and Creativity:** Artificial intelligence will play a pivotal role in creative collaborations by offering suggestions, generating ideas, and automating parts of the creative process, allowing human collaborators to focus on innovation and experimentation. AI could also act as a mediator or facilitator in creative projects, ensuring that contributions from various team members are harmonized into a cohesive final product. While AI can mimic and automate the way humans generate ideas, we could also train AI to function as an “alien intelligence,” generating radically novel ideas that are rarely explored by humans [^3]. For instance, Google DeepMind initially trained AlphaGo to mimic human strategies in playing Go games. Conversely, their next version, AlphaGo Zero, was trained solely against other AI adversaries like itself, generating an unfamiliar and disconcerting yet effective “alien” strategy that surprised many master Go players. Research demonstrates that interacting with these diverse AI strategies has increased the novelty and diversity of the human Go-playing population [^4]. **Immersive Collaboration for Education and Training:** Educators and students across the globe will engage in immersive learning experiences, from virtual field trips to complex scientific simulations, facilitated by VR, AR, and MR. This immersive educational collaboration will not only enhance learning outcomes but also inspire new pedagogical approaches, even in science. **Crowdsourced Innovation and Co-creation Platforms:** Platforms that harness the wisdom and creativity of the crowd will become more sophisticated, allowing for the development of products, technologies, and solutions that reflect a diverse range of needs and perspectives. Universal tools will become refracted and adapted to local communities, translated to their context, yet part of a larger whole, feeding back community inputs. This collective approach to innovation will accelerate the pace of problem-solving and creativity. -**Digital Twins and Simulation for Creative Testing:** Advanced simulations and digital twin technology will enable creative teams to A/B test and refine their ideas in virtual replicas of real-world environments. This capability will be invaluable in fields such as architecture, urban planning, and product design, where teams can explore the impact and feasibility of their creations before they are built or manufactured. At the same time, it will expand the breadth of twins, representing and modeling the consensus of groups. Traditionally, in social sciences and industries, conducting A/B tests and experiments to test the effects of technical and policy interventions or creative works has been limited by practical and ethical constraints. With digital twins driven by artificial intelligence that accurately mimics human behaviors, we could conduct in-silico social experiments at an unprecedented speed and scale. For instance, by deploying alternative news feed algorithms on in-silico social media platforms, where large language model (LLM) agents that mimic human social media users interact with one another, we can explore and test the impact of these alternative algorithms on macro-level social outcomes, such as conflicts and polarization (Törnberg et al. 2023). +**Digital Twins and Simulation for Creative Testing:** Advanced simulations and digital twin technology will enable creative teams to A/B test and refine their ideas in virtual replicas of real-world environments. This capability will be invaluable in fields such as architecture, urban planning, and product design, where teams can explore the impact and feasibility of their creations before they are built or manufactured. At the same time, it will expand the breadth of twins, representing and modeling the consensus of groups. Traditionally, in social sciences and industries, conducting A/B tests and experiments to test the effects of technical and policy interventions and creative works has been limited by practical and ethical constraints. With digital twins driven by artificial intelligence that accurately mimics human behaviors, we could conduct in-silico social experiments at an unprecedented speed and scale. For instance, by deploying alternative news feed algorithms on in-silico social media platforms, where large language model (LLM) agents that mimic human social media users interact with one another, we can explore and test the impact of these alternative algorithms on macro-level social outcomes, such as conflicts and polarization [^5]. **Cross-Disciplinary Creative Incubators:** Virtual and physical spaces dedicated to fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration will emerge, bringing together artists, scientists, technologists, and thinkers to explore new intersections of ideas and create solutions to complex challenges. These incubators will act as catalysts for innovation, while creating new modes of engagement and expression. @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ As technology evolves to facilitate direct communication of thoughts, emotions, **Collective Creativity for Global Challenges:** The challenges facing humanity will be met with a unified creative force, as collaborative platforms enable individuals worldwide to contribute their ideas and solutions. This collective creativity will be instrumental in addressing issues such as climate change, harnessing the power of diverse perspectives and innovative thinking to create sustainable and impactful solutions. -**AI Collectives based on principles of ⿻ity:** With the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs) interacting with the human community and each other, incorporating principles of ⿻ity into the design and maintenance of these AI communities will be critical for continuous advance. Consider how most scientific discoveries and technological advances result from what the great American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce called abduction. This refers to situations in which anomalies or surprising errors motivate focused advance. Insofar as AI increasingly colonizes areas of scientific and technological advance, without incorporating ⿻ity-seeking into it, advance will grind to a halt (Shi and Evans 2023). +**AI Collectives based on principles of ⿻ity:** With the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs) interacting with the human community and each other, incorporating principles of ⿻ity into the design and maintenance of these AI communities will be critical for continuous advance. Consider how most scientific discoveries and technological advances result from what the great American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce called abduction. This refers to situations in which anomalies or surprising errors motivate focused advance. Insofar as AI increasingly colonizes areas of scientific and technological advance, without incorporating ⿻ity-seeking into it, advance will grind to a halt [^6]. This symphony of minds, assisted and augmented by technology, transcends the realm of individual creation, venturing into the uncharted territory of shared consciousness and multisensory experiences. As we embark on this collaborative odyssey, humanity stands poised to redefine creativity itself. Envision a future pulsating with telepathic exchanges and immersive realities, a future where empathy and interconnectedness are not just concepts, but the very cornerstone of innovation. It is a future where creativity is not just a shared endeavor but a shared experience, connecting participants in a web of collective imagination and innovation. Yet, as we approach this crescendo of human potential—where the symphony of collaborative genius reaches its zenith—we also have to explore its ethical considerations and limitations. @@ -100,3 +100,11 @@ The future of creative collaborations, while pregnant with potential for novel c In addressing these challenges, the future of creative collaboration must navigate the delicate balance between leveraging the immense potential of technology to enhance human creativity and ensuring that this does not come at the expense of privacy, autonomy, and cultural diversity. Central to this journey is the leveraging of open-source technologies and the principles of decentralization. Open-source platforms, by their very nature, encourage transparency and collective ownership, countering the risks of hidden monopolies and collusion that can arise in proprietary systems. They offer a pathway for diverse, global participation where creativity and innovation are not only shared but also jointly developed in a community-driven environment. This collaborative model fosters a multitude of perspectives, safeguarding against the homogenization of ideas. Plurality and decentralization, as a guiding principle, also ensures that creative collaboration is not monopolized by a few dominant entities but is instead a distributed process, accessible to all. This approach mitigates the risk of a digital divide and ensures that the tools of creation remain in the hands of the many, not just the few. It also empowers individuals and communities, allowing them to retain control over their creative outputs and maintain their unique cultural identities. It is a future where technology serves as a bridge, connecting diverse minds and hearts in a shared creative endeavor, free from the shadows of monopoly power and unchecked control. By committing to these principles, we pave the way for a future where creative collaborations enrich the human experience, driving innovation and cultural richness in an environment that respects and protects the individual and collective rights of creators. +[^1]: Scott E. Page, _The diversity bonus: How great teams pay off in the knowledge economy_ (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019). +[^2]: James Evans. “The case for alien AI,” _TedxChicago2024_, October 6th, 2023, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87zET-4IQws](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87zET-4IQws). +[^3]: Jamshid Sourati and James Evans, “Complementary artificial intelligence designed to augment human discovery,” _arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.00902_ (2022), [https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.00902](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.00902). +[^4]: Minkyu Shin, Jin Kim, Bas van Opheusden, and Thomas L. Griffiths, “Superhuman artificial intelligence can improve human decision-making by increasing novelty,” _Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences_ 120, no. 12 (2023): e2214840120, [https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2214840120](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2214840120). +[^5]: Petter Törnberg, Diliara Valeeva, Justus Uitermark, and Christopher Bail. “Simulating social media using large language models to evaluate alternative news feed algorithms,” _arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.05984_ (2023), [ +https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.05984]( +https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.05984). +[^6]: Feng Shi and James Evans, “Surprising combinations of research contents and contexts are related to impact and emerge with scientific outsiders from distant disciplines,” _Nature Communications_ 14, no. 1 (2023): 1641, [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36741-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36741-4).