Escape multiple spaces in HTML

[rhshadrach]

Checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.
• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of Polars.

Reproducible example

print(pl.DataFrame({"a": ["1", "1 1", "1   1", "1     1"]}))

# In e.g. Jupyter notebooks
display(pl.DataFrame({"a": ["1", "1 1", "1   1", "1     1"]}))

Log output

shape: (4, 1)
┌─────────┐
│ a       │
│ ---     │
│ str     │
╞═════════╡
│ 1       │
│ 1 1     │
│ 1   1   │
│ 1     1 │
└─────────┘

Issue description

Screenshot from Jupyter notebook:

When there are multiple spaces in a row, HTML treats it as a single space. This does not correctly reflect the underlying data, and such spaces should be escaped with &nbsp instead. This only needs to be done when there are two or more consecutive spaces.

Somewhat related: #18102
pandas equivalent: pandas-dev/pandas#59876 (comment)

Expected behavior

HTML should reflect that there are multiple spaces when adjacent.

Installed versions

--------Version info---------
Polars:              1.12.0
Index type:          UInt32
Platform:            Linux-6.8.0-48-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.39
Python:              3.12.3 (main, Sep 11 2024, 14:17:37) [GCC 13.2.0]
LTS CPU:             False

----Optional dependencies----
adbc_driver_manager  1.2.0
altair               <not installed>
cloudpickle          3.1.0
connectorx           <not installed>
deltalake            <not installed>
fastexcel            <not installed>
fsspec               2024.10.0
gevent               <not installed>
great_tables         0.13.0
matplotlib           3.9.2
nest_asyncio         1.6.0
numpy                2.1.3
openpyxl             3.1.5
pandas               3.0.0.dev0+1632.geacf0326ef
pyarrow              17.0.0
pydantic             <not installed>
pyiceberg            <not installed>
sqlalchemy           2.0.36
torch                <not installed>
xlsx2csv             <not installed>
xlsxwriter           3.2.0

[nimit]

Hi @coastalwhite,
I am interested in contributing to Polars by solving this issue
As far as I know, I cannot edit the make_str_val function in polars-core/src/fmt.rs to replace " " with " " because it will format all string versions of the dataframe even if it isn't printed in a notebook environment or HTML
So, should I edit the "/py-polars/polars/dataframe/_html.py" write_body method of the HTMLFormatter class?