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27 changes: 0 additions & 27 deletions content/Modul_3/en_module_3_overview.md

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# Exercise 1: Understanding the QGIS Interface

__🔙[Back to Homepage](/content/intro.md)__
__[🔙🏠](/content/intro.md)__

## Aim of the exercise

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__Relevant Articles__
^^^

* [Georeferencing](/content/Modul_3/en_qgis_georeferencing.md)
* [Georeferencing](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_georeferencing.md)
:::

::::
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Now that we have the map georeferenced, we can use it as a background layer to digitise vector features, such as a polygon indicating a region where the soil degradation is severe.

21. Create a new shapefile layer (see [digitisation](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/content/Modul_3/en_qgis_digitalisation.html#creating-new-datasets)). Click on `Layer` > `Create Layer` > `Create new Shapefile Layer` (You can also choose to create a new Geopackage Layer).
21. Create a new shapefile layer (see [digitisation](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/content/Module_3/en_qgis_digitalisation.html#creating-new-datasets)). Click on `Layer` > `Create Layer` > `Create new Shapefile Layer` (You can also choose to create a new Geopackage Layer).
22. A new dialogue window will open. First, we need to specify the save location of the new dataset.
1. Click on ![](/fig/3.36_three_dots.png) to the right of the `File Name`-field.
2. Navigate to the data output folder (`Module_3_Exercise_7_Georeferencing/data/output`).
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# Basic GIS Operations

The third module addresses operations and data manipulation that GIS practitioners will undertake
frequently. The first chapter teaches the process of digitisation, which is the process of creating
geodata, either from existing images, or maps, or from your own knowledge. After data collection,
digitisation let's you prepare the collected data for spatial analysis in QGIS. It is also useful to
communicate the spatial distribution of phenomenons or to simply show the collected data on a map. Next,
the second chapter focuses on the classification of geodata. Spatial data can have a lot of information
stored in the attribute table and the classification of geodata puts this information into distinct
classes. Through this classification, we can gain new insights and it let's us visualise geographic data on
maps. The third chapter, covers selecting and querying geodata. For example, you can select all data
entries that are under a certain distance from a point, or you could simply select data based on specific
values and see their spatial distribution.


## Content

| __Chapter__ | __Competences & Objectives__ |
| ----------- | ---------------------------- |
| __[Chapter 1: Digitisation](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_digitalisation.md)__ | At the end of this chapter, you should: Understand the process of digitisation; Know how to create and edit vector data; Know which digitising errors to avoid. |
| __[Chapter 2: Geodata Classification](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_data_classification.md)__ | At the end of this chapter, you should: Know how to classify geodata in order to gain useful insights; Know how and when to use categorised classification; Know how and when to use graduated classification. |
| __[Chapter 3: Geodata Selection and Queries](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_data_queries.md)__ | At the end of this chapter, you should: Know how to select features manually; Know how to select features based on attributes; Know how to formulate a data query with the Expression builder; Know how to select features by location; Know the geometric operators. |
| __[Chapter 4: Georeferencing](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_georeferencing.md)__ | At the end of this chapter, you should: Know how to georeference a map in QGIS; know how to set the transparency of a georeferenced (raster) layer; Know how to digitise vector features from a georeferenced map. |
| __[Exercises for Module 3](/content/Module_3/en_qgis_module_3_exercises.md)__ | Here, you can find all the exercises for module 3. |


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## Data
Download all the datasets [here](), save the folder on your computer, and unzip the file. The zip folder includes:

- `som_admbnda_adm2_ocha_20230308.shp`: This file contains information about the Somali administrative level 0-2, state, and operational zone level 1 and 2 boundary as shapefiles. The data can also be found on [HDX](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-som).
- `GF2_20231123_FloodExtent_BeledweyneCity_HiraanRegion.shp`: This shapefile illustrates satellite-detected surface waters in Beledweyne City, Beledweyne District, Hiraan Region, Somalia, on 12th of November 2023 at 07:32 UTC. The data is also available on [HDX](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/water-extent-in-beledweyne-city-beledweyne-district-hiraan-region-somalia-12-november-2023).
- `Buildings_Belete_Weyne.geojson`: This dataset is downloaded using [HOT Export Tool](https://export.hotosm.org/v3/exports/new/describe) and contains information about buildings in the Beledweyne district.

The folder is called **Module_3_Exercise_1_Queries_Somalia** and contains the entire [standard folder structure](/content/Wiki/en_qgis_projects_folder_structure_wiki.md#standard-folder-structure) with all data in the input folder.

``` {Note}
The naming of the districts and states is not consistent across the different datasets. You will find different spellings for the district name **Beledweyne** which we will be focusing on. Other spellings might be **Belet Weyne** or **Belete Weyne**.
The naming of the districts and states is not consistent across the different datasets. You will find different spellings for the district name **Beledweyne** which we will be focusing on. Other spellings might be **Belet Weyne** or **Belete Weyne**. In many cases, you will have to edit the values in the datasets to remove different spelling of spelling mistakes. This process is called "data cleaning".
```

## Tasks
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```

:::{dropdown} Digitalization Toolbar
|Tool|Purpose|Tool|Purpose|
| Tool | Purpose | Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|-----|---|
|![](/fig/mActionAllEdits.png) |Access to save, rollback or cancel changes in all or selected layers simultaneously | ![](/fig/mActionToggleEditing.png)|Turn on or off edit status of selected layer(s) based on the active layer status|
|![](/fig/mActionSaveEdits.png) |Save edits | |
|![](/fig/mActionDigitizeWithSegment.png) |Digitise using straight segments |![](/fig/mActionDigitizeWithCurve.png)|Digitize using curve lines|
|![](/fig/mActionStreamingDigitize.png)|Enable freehand digitising|![](/fig/mActionDigitizeShape.png) |Digitise polygon of regular shape |
|![](/fig/mActionNewTableRow.png) |Add new record | ![](/fig/mActionCapturePoint.png)| Add Feature: Capture Point |
|![](/fig/mActionCaptureLine.png) |Add Feature: Capture Line |![](/fig/mActionCapturePolygon.png)|Add Feature: Capture Polygon |
|![](/fig/mActionVertexTool.png) |Vertex Tool (All Layers) | ![](/fig/mActionVertexToolActiveLayer.png)|Vertex Tool (Current Layer) |
|![](/fig/checkbox.png)|Set whether the vertex editor panel should auto-open|![](/fig/mActionMultiEdit.png)|Modify the attributes of all selected features simultaneously |
|![](/fig/mActionDeleteSelectedFeatures.png) |Delete selected features from the active layer |![](/fig/mActionEditCut.png) |Cut features from the active layer |
|![](/fig/mActionCopySelected.png) |Copy selected features from the active layer |![](/fig/mActionEditPaste.png) |Paste features into the active layer |
|![](/fig/mActionUndo.png) |Undo changes in the active layer | ![](/fig/mActionRedo.png)|Redo changes in active layer |
| ![](/fig/mActionAllEdits.png) | Access to save, rollback or cancel changes in all or selected layers simultaneously | ![](/fig/mActionToggleEditing.png) | Turn on or off edit status of selected layer(s) based on the active layer status |
| ![](/fig/mActionSaveEdits.png) |Save edits | |
| ![](/fig/mActionDigitizeWithSegment.png) | Digitise using straight segments | ![](/fig/mActionDigitizeWithCurve.png) | Digitize using curve lines |
| ![](/fig/mActionStreamingDigitize.png) | Enable freehand digitising|![](/fig/mActionDigitizeShape.png) |Digitise polygon of regular shape |
| ![](/fig/mActionNewTableRow.png) | Add new record | ![](/fig/mActionCapturePoint.png) | Add Feature: Capture Point |
| ![](/fig/mActionCaptureLine.png) | Add Feature: Capture Line | ![](/fig/mActionCapturePolygon.png) | Add Feature: Capture Polygon |
| ![](/fig/mActionVertexTool.png) | Vertex Tool (All Layers) | ![](/fig/mActionVertexToolActiveLayer.png) |Vertex Tool (Current Layer) |
| ![](/fig/checkbox.png) | Set whether the vertex editor panel should auto-open | ![](/fig/mActionMultiEdit.png) | Modify the attributes of all selected features simultaneously |
| ![](/fig/mActionDeleteSelectedFeatures.png) | Delete selected features from the active layer | ![](/fig/mActionEditCut.png) | Cut features from the active layer |
| ![](/fig/mActionCopySelected.png) | Copy selected features from the active layer | ![](/fig/mActionEditPaste.png) | Paste features into the active layer |
| ![](/fig/mActionUndo.png) | Undo changes in the active layer | ![](/fig/mActionRedo.png) | Redo changes in active layer |

:::

For more complex digitisation procedures, you will use the advanced digitisation toolbar. However, for this chapter, we will focus on the normal digitisatin toolbar.
For more complex digitisation procedures, you will use the advanced digitisation toolbar. However, for this chapter, we will focus on the normal digitisation toolbar.

:::{dropdown} Advanced digitizing Toolbar

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```{figure} /fig/New_GeoPackage_Layer.png
---
width: 500px
name: Digitalisation Toolbar
name: new_gpgk_layer
align: center
---
The Layer Creation window in QGIS 3.36.
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your edits.
```

Once you have set up the new layer, you can start adding geofeatures. The process for the three geometric types
is basically the same:
Once you have set up the new layer, you can start adding geometrical features. The process for the three geometric
types is basically the same:

### Creating new data entries

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The process of creating line or polygon layers is essentially the same as creating point data. The main difference is
that instead of only adding one point, line and polygon geometries require several points (vertices). Each point you
add is a vertext between two lines. In QGIS, you create lines and polygons by setting one point, and then another point
connected to the previously added point. To finish adding the feature use the <kbd>Right mouse botton</kbd>.
add is a vertex between two lines. In QGIS, you create lines and polygons by setting one point, and then another point
connected to the previously added point. To finish adding the feature use the <kbd>Right mouse button</kbd>.

```{attention}
Remember to change the geometry type into lines if you want to create a new line layer.
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```{note} Setting the appropriate Coordinate Reference System
:class: tip
Ideally, you want to set the CRS of the georeferenced map to the same as your project/the other layers in your project. To learn how to choose an appropriate CRS, check out the [chapter on projections](/content/Modul_2/en_qgis_projections.md) in module 1.
Ideally, you want to set the CRS of the georeferenced map to the same as your project/the other layers in your project. To learn how to choose an appropriate CRS, check out the [chapter on projections](/content/Module_2/en_qgis_projections.md) in module 1.
```

::::{margin}
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## Task 2: Estimation of Flood Impact on the Health Sector in Larkana

:::{card}
::::{card}

```{figure} /fig/IFRC-icons-colour_Health.svg
---
width: 100px
name:
align: right

name: IFRC HEalth Icon
---
```

Context:

Posts on social media have indicated a significant impact on the healthcare system in the region. You have been tasked to find out as much as you can about the situation and, if feasible, to estimate the impact on the health system.
:::

::::

1. The first thing to do is to find out where the health facilities are located in the area. To do that, you do a quick search on HDX. You find the dataset Pakistan Health Facilities (OpenStreetMap Export). This will do for now.

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:::

:::{grid-item-card}

### Relevant wiki articles

* [Geodata Import in QGIS](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/content/Wiki/en_qgis_import_geodata_wiki.html)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ Reprojected and fixed Flood extend layer can be downloaded __[here](https://nexu
```{hint} Folder structure
To keep your data organized and easily accessible, it's important to establish a clear folder structure on your computer for your QGIS projects and geodata. Ensure that your exercise data are saved in a location that allows for easy retrieval and association with the corresponding QGIS project.
```


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5. Now, we have mapped all roads in our AOI that are blocked by the flood. We can use icons instead of just points to display the layer __“MDG_flood_2024_blocked_road”__ to visualise this fact better [wiki](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/content/Wiki/en_qgis_single_symbol_wiki.html).
* Right-click on the layer __“MDG_flood_2024_blocked_road”__ in the Layer Panel and click on `Properties`. A new window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. Navigate to the `Symbology` tab.
* Keep the `Single Symbol` option. Select any symbol from the list that is appropriate for marking blocked roads (make sure the filter is set to `Favourites` or `All Symbols`.
* Keep the `Single Symbol` option. Select any symbol from the list that is appropriate for marking blocked roads (make sure the filter is set to `Favourites` or `All Symbols`).
* Once you are done, click `Apply` and `OK` to close the symbology window.
* After you are done, click on the icon ![](/fig/qgis_move_symbol.png) to end the feature selection mode.
```{figure} /fig/m3_ex6_qgis_task3_5.png
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