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# Sphinx build info version 1
# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
config: dbdf52310030f4d57c449a5c0a56e760
config: 34aa3e3192fa3344092af829ef79ec53
tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="content/Modul_5/en_qgis_non_spatial_tools.html">Non-Spatial Geodataprocessing</a></li>

</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Trainers corner</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
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# Geodatenformate
Auf dieser Seite werden die für dieses Tutorium wichtigsten Geodatenformate behandelt, um einen allgemeinen Überblick für die Teilnehmenden zu schaffen. Dabei werden folgende Themen angesprochen:
- [Unterschiede bei der Arbeit mit Raster- und Vektordaten](#unterschiede-bei-der-arbeit-mit-raster-und-vektordaten)
- [verschiedene Vektordatenformate](#vektordatenformate) (Shapefiles und GeoJSON)
- [Rasterdatenformate](#rasterdatenformate) (GeoTiff)
- [Datenformate für Raster- und Vektordaten](#datenformate-für-raster-und-vektordaten) (Geopackage), und
- [Web Map Service (WMS)](#web-map-service-wms)

# Unterschiede bei der Arbeit mit Raster- und Vektordaten
Tools für Vektordaten **sind nicht** für die Verarbeitung von Rasterdaten geeignet, und umgekehrt.

# Vektordatenformate
## Shapefiles
Shapefiles werden in **mehreren verschiedenen Dateien** aufgeteilt gespeichert. Dabei trägt jede "Teil-Datei" ganz bestimmte Informationen, wie in der Darstellung hier gesehen werden kann. Dateien mit der Endung .shp, zum Beispiel, sind die hauptsächliche Datei und beinhalten die Geometrien, während dbf-Dateien die Attributtabelle enthalten.

![Shapefile_Dateiformate_1](uploads/43feaa0744cd1a6b29d52a6639730b2c/Shapefile_Dateiformate_1.png)

Shapefiles können immer **nur einen Geometrietyp beinhalten,** das heißt sie enthalten entweder ausschließlich Punkt, Linien, oder Polygon Features, niemals eine Mischung der drei.

## Textuelle Austauschformate, wie z.B. GeoJSON

Vektordaten können auch in textuellen Austauschformaten, wie zum Beispiel GeoJSON, vorhanden sein.
GeoJSON ist ein offenes Standardaustauschformat für räumliche Daten und basiert auf JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). Daten, die in diesem Format dargestellt werden, beziehen sich auf das geographische Koordinatenbezugssystem "World Geodetic System 1984". Zur Veranschaulichung finden sich in der folgenden Darstellung Beispiele für gültige GeoJSON-Dateien.

![GeoJSON_Dateiformat](uploads/db464273a2aecd3cf0c9d53a1e7325ed/GeoJSON_Dateiformat.PNG)

*Quelle: ArcGIS Online. o.J. GeoJSON. Online unter: https://doc.arcgis.com/de/arcgis-online/reference/geojson.htm, abgerufen am 19.10.2020.*

Weitere Informationen zu GeoJSON und der Verwendung in GIS finden sich unter: https://doc.arcgis.com/de/arcgis-online/reference/geojson.htm.

GeoJSON-Daten können zudem unter der Adresse geojson.io leicht **selbst erstellt** werden.

# Rasterdatenformate
## GeoTiff
* GeoTiffs beinhalten georeferenzierte Bilddateien, zum Beispiel Luft- oder Satellitenbilder.
* GeoTiff (**Geo**graphic **T**agged **I**mage **F**ile **F**ormat) wird heute nahezu standardmäßig als Speicherformat für Rasterdaten verwendet.
* In die Bilddatei eingebettete Metadaten enthalten Informationen zur Georeferenz des Bildes, wie etwa Koordinaten zur Georeferenzierung oder das Koordinatenbezugssystem.

Weitere Informationen finden sich unter folgendem Link des OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium): http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/19-008r4/19-008r4.html#_geotiff.

# Datenformate für Raster- und Vektordaten
## Geopackages
Ein Geopackage (standardisiert durch das *Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)*) ist ein Format zur Speicherung von Vektor- und Rasterdaten, das von den meisten GIS unterstützt wird.
- Idee: Eine dateibasierte Datenbank (SQLite), in welcher auf standardisierte Weise alle Daten gespeichert werden.
- Dateibasierte Datenbank = eine Datei, welche in strukturierter Weise abgefragt werden kann

**Probleme mit Geopackages:**

Beim Arbeiten mit Geopackages kann es zuweilen zu dem Dateiformat spezifischen Problemen kommen. So kann die Verarbeitung mit Tools wie Clip, oder anderen Wekrzeugen, besonders wenn Änderungen in der Attributtabelle vorgenommen werden, Fehlermeldungen hervorrufen. Lösen lässt sich dieses Problem, wenn das Dateiformat *Geopackage* nur zum Speichern, also zum Exportieren ausgewählt wird (der Vorteil liegt hier besonders im Vergleich zu Shapefiles darin, dass ein Geopackage nur aus einer Datei, und nicht mehreren besteht und so keine Teildatei verloren gehen kann). Während der Arbeit im Projekt, sollte dagegen besser mit GeoTiffs oder Shapefiles gearbeitet werden, um Fehlerquellen zu minimieren.

Herunterladen werden können leere Geopackages zum Weiterverarbeiten unter folgendem Link: http://www.geopackage.org/data/empty.gpkg

# Web Map Service (WMS)

**W**eb **M**ap **S**ervices (WMS) erlauben es euch, Geodaten aus dem Web mit eurem GIS zu verknüpfen und abzurufen. Als Ergebnis wird euch dabei dann ein georeferenziertes Kartenbild angezeigt. Dieses Prinzip wird beispielsweise auch bei [Basemaps](qgis-Basemaps) angewendet. Im zugehörigen Wikibeitrag finden sich Informationen darüber, wie sich WMS Daten in QGIS hereinladen lassen, und welche Funktionen genutzt werden können.

*Further Resources:* Weitere Informationen zu WMS finden sich auch unter: https://www.ogc.org/standards/wms.
44 changes: 44 additions & 0 deletions _sources/content/Modul_1/ger_qgis_installation.md
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# Installation
QGIS ist Open Source und daher frei und ohne Kosten für jeden verfügbar. Ihr könnt QGIS für Windows, Mac und Linux Rechner installieren.

## Windows
Für die Installation unter Windows verwenden wir den OSGeo4W Netzwerkinstaller. OSGeo4W ist ein Projekt, das Open Geo bezogene Software für Windows einfach zu installieren anbietet. Besucht die Projektseite [https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/](https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/) und klickt dort auf den link `Download the ​OSGeo4W network installer`.

* Achtet darauf während des Installationsprozesses _Advanced Install_ / _Fortgeschrittene Installation_ zu wählen. Nur dann können die für diesen Kurs relevante Software präzise wählen:
- QGIS Desktop
- GRASS GIS
- SAGA

Videotutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pja_EX0tVZA

Die gewählte Software wird dann über das Internet heruntergeladen und on-the-fly installiert.


## Mac

__**Ab Version 3.30 muss SAGA per plugin eingebunden werden**__

Unter https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html `Download for macOS` wählen. Dann den Link _Download QGIS_ nutzen.

In QGIS dann das Plugin _Processing Saga NextGen Provider_ installieren.

Mehr zu wie man Plugins in QGIS installiert und aktiviert findet ihr hier:
[qgis-Interface#erweiterungen-plugins-installieren](https://courses.gistools.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/giscience/gis-einfuehrung/-/wikis/qgis-Interface#erweiterungen-plugins-installieren)

## Linux

__**Ab Version 3.30 muss SAGA per plugin eingebunden werden**__

Für die installation unter Linux Systemen mit apt könnt ihr QGIS installieren:

```
sudo apt install qgis qgis-plugin-grass
```

In den herkömmlichen apt Paketquellen wird vermutlich eine ältere Version von QGIS installiert sein. Solltet ihr die Paketquelle [Ubuntugis](https://launchpad.net/~ubuntugis/+archive/ubuntu/ppa) nutzen, beachtet die folgenden installations Hinweise auf https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/alldownloads.html#repositories

Solltet ihr hierüber eine QGIS Version >3.30 installieren müsst ihr das Plugin _Processing Saga NextGen Provider_ noch installieren.

Mehr zu wie man Plugins in QGIS installiert und aktiviert findet ihr hier:
[qgis-Interface#erweiterungen-plugins-installieren](https://courses.gistools.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/giscience/gis-einfuehrung/-/wikis/qgis-Interface#erweiterungen-plugins-installieren)

13 changes: 8 additions & 5 deletions _sources/content/Modul_2/en_qgis_geodata_concept.md
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## Projections
### Theory

The earth is a sphere and cannot be represented on a flat map without being distorted. To able able to display the earth on a flat map for example as a rectangle it needs to be projected. For further explanation, watch this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIID5FDi2JQ).
The earth is a sphere and cannot be represented on a flat map without being distorted. To able able to display the earth on a flat map for example as a rectangle it needs to be projected. For further explanation, watch this video.
[![preview video](../../fig/screenshot_video_every_world_map_is_wrong.png)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIID5FDi2JQ "Why every world map is wrong")

For this translation, from a curved on a flat surface, thousands of different methods exist. These are called **Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS)**.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -43,12 +44,14 @@ For smaller areas local projections should be used, since they give a more accur
You can find all the projections and their CRS code at this [website](http://epsg.io).


To change the projection of a **vector file**, click on *Vector*, *Data Management Tools*, *Reproject Layer*. Select your input layer and the target crs. Click on the three dots to *Save to File...* and click *Run*. For a detailed instruction click on this [video](https://gitlab.gistools.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/giscience/disaster-tools/gis-in-anticipatory-humanitarian-action/-/wikis/uploads/7e7a28698859062d1b832b558b2721c6/qgis_reproject_vector.mp4).
To change the projection of a **vector file**, click on *Vector*, *Data Management Tools*, *Reproject Layer*. Select your input layer and the target crs. Click on the three dots to *Save to File...* and click *Run*. For a detailed instruction click on this video.
<video width="100%" controls src="/Users/celinathome/Desktop/HeiGIT/visualstudiocode/gis-training-resource-center/fig/qgis_reproject_vector.mp4"></video>

To change the projection of a **raster file**, clickclick on *Raster*, *Projections*, *Warp (Reproject)*. Choose your input layer and target crs. Click on the three dots to *Save to File...* and click *Run*. For a detailed instruction click on this [video](https://gitlab.gistools.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/giscience/disaster-tools/gis-in-anticipatory-humanitarian-action/-/wikis/uploads/3b7a1bb2408f4453f22d73f54156888b/qgis_reproject_raster.mp4).
To change the projection of a **raster file**, clickclick on *Raster*, *Projections*, *Warp (Reproject)*. Choose your input layer and target crs. Click on the three dots to *Save to File...* and click *Run*. For a detailed instruction click on this video. <video width="100%" controls src="https://github.com/GIScience/gis-training-resource-center/blob/main/fig/qgis_reproject_raster.mp4"></video>


It is crucial that you are aware of the difference in data projection and project projection. They should always be the same, or else you will get wrong results! You can change the data projection by following the steps explained above. The project projection is on the bottom left corner, as seen [here](../../fig/en_QGIS_User_Interface.png).

It is crucial that you are aware of the difference in data projection and project projection. They should always be the same, or else you will get wrong results! You can change the data projection by following the steps explained above. The project projection is on the bottom left corner, as seen here.
![QGIS Interface](../../fig/en_QGIS_User_Interface.png)
The interface then will be the same and by searching for the right EPSG you can change the projection.

## Excercises
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Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The print layout in QGIS is where you design and finalize the map in order to pr

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_create_print_layout.png
---
width: 700px
width: 500px
name: Create Print Layout
---
Create a new Print Layout
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ _A4 and A3 are the most commonly used sizes for maps_

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_adding_a_map.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Add a new map
---
Adding a new map to the Print Layout
Expand All @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ A title should describe the phenomenen represented on the map.

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_add_text.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Add text to the print layout
---
Adding text to the print Layout
Expand All @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ To add a legend, you can use the __add legend__ button on the __left toolbar__.

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_add_legend.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Add a legend to the print layout
---
Adding a legend to the print layout
Expand All @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Before adding a scale bar, select your main map and check in the __Item Properti

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_scale.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Round number for scale
---
Make sure that the scale is at a round number
Expand All @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ _There are many other options to customize the scale bar (change the font, colou

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_add_scale_bar.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Add scale bar
---
Add and customize the scale bar
Expand All @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ To create an overview map, you need to follow these steps:

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_overview_map_preparations.png
---
width: 500px
width: 200px
name: Overview map preparation
---
An overview map should show important landmarks and borders
Expand All @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ An overview map should show important landmarks and borders

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_add_overview_map.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Add Overview map
---
Add an overview map and __lock the layer__
Expand All @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Add an overview map and __lock the layer__

```{figure} ../../fig/en_30.30.2_print_layout_add_map_extent_overview_map.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Create an Overview
---
Add a the extent of the main map to your overview map (the red rectangle on the overview)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -190,13 +190,7 @@ A map is never complete without the following elements:
- Localization (Overview) Map
- Author

```{figure} ../../fig/en_good_map_composition_example.png
---
name: good map composition example
width: 750px
---
Elements of good map composition
```
> Image?
----

Expand All @@ -219,7 +213,7 @@ __The legend__ is key to interpreting the information represented on the map. Wi

```{figure} ../../fig/en_legend_good_practice.png
---
width: 750px
width: 500px
name: Organized Legend
---
Example of a well organized legend
Expand All @@ -231,7 +225,7 @@ __The scale bar__ is essential to a map since it gives the correspondence betwee

- __the graphical scale__ is expressed by a line on the map, with an associated distance value. This scale is very useful to have an idea of the distances on the ground. The graphical scale will always be the correct size, even if a different printing format is used, since it will undergo the same transformation as the rest of the map

```{figure} ../../fig/example_scale_bar.png
```{figure} ../../fig/example_scale_bar.png"
---
name: scale bar
---
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -300,4 +294,5 @@ __The eye can easily distinguish 4 to 5 different symbols. Beyond that, it is di

It is a mistake because:
- It complicates the map and limits its impact.
- Sometimes you are forced to represent several symbols, so you must be careful about overlapping points and overloading the map.
- Sometimes you are forced to represent several symbols, so you must be careful about overlapping points and overloading the map.

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