Formgator

A validation library for JavaScript FormData and URLSearchParams objects.

Basic Usage

If you have a form with the following fields:

<form method="post">
  <label>
    User Name:
    <input type="text" name="username" required />
  </label>
  <label>
    Birthday:
    <input type="date" name="birthday" />
  </label>
  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" />
    Subscribe to newsletter
  </label>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

You can use formgator to validate the form data:

import * as fg from 'formgator';

// Define a form schema
const schema = fg.form({
  username: fg.text({ required: true }),
  birthday: fg.date().asDate(),
  newsletter: fg.checkbox(),
});

async function handle(request: Request) {
  // Retrieve the form data from the request
  const form = await request.formData();

  // Validate the form data
  const data = schema.parse(form);

  // data is now an object with the following shape:
  // {
  //   username: string,
  //   birthday: Date | null,
  //   newsletter: boolean,
  // }

  // If the form data is invalid, an error will be thrown
}

API

You can expect formgator to expose a validator for all possible <input type="..."> values as well as <select> and <textarea>.

These validators will produce a coherent value for each input type:

• number() and range() produce number values.
• checkbox() produces boolean values.
• file() produces a File object.
• Other validators produce string values.

All these validators take their common (and less common) HTML validation attributes as options:

• text({ required: true, maxlength: 255 })
• number({ min: 10, max: 100, step: 10 })
• radio(["yes", "no"], { required: true }) to check against a list of possible values.
• select(["apple", "banana", "cherry"], { multiple: true }) for <select multiple> elements.
• file({ accept: [".jpg", ".jpeg"] }) for basic extension and MIME type validation.

Some validators have additional methods to transform the value into a native JavaScript object:

• datetimeLocal(), date() and month() have asDate() to return a Date object, and asNumber() to return a timestamp.
• color() has asRgb() to return a [number, number, number] tuple.
• textarea() has trim() to remove leading and trailing whitespace.
• url() has asURL() to return a URL object.

Validators can be chained with additional methods to transform the value:

• transform(fn: (value: T) => U) transforms the value using the provided function.

  const schema = fg.form({
    id: fg.text({ required: true, pattern: /^\d+$/ }).transform(BigInt),
  });
  // schema.parse(form) will produce an object with the shape { id: BigInt }

  A second argument can be provided to transform to produce a meaningful error message if the transformation fails.

• refine(fn: (value: T) => boolean) adds a custom validation step.

  const schema = fg.form({
    even: fg.number().refine((value) => value % 2 === 0),
  });
  // schema.parse(form) will throw an error if `even` is odd

  A second argument can be provided to refine to produce a meaningful error message if the refinement fails.

• optional() allows the field to be missing. This is useful when dynamically adding fields to a form. Missing and empty fields are different things, and optional does not allow empty fields.

  const schema = fg.form({
    contactChannel = fg.radio(['email', 'phone'], { required: true }),
    email: fg.email({ required: true }).optional(),
    phone: fg.tel({ required: true }).optional(),
  });
  // You should then check if at least one is properly defined

  You can provide a value to optional to replace undefined with a default value.

The schema produced by fg.form() has two methods:

• .parse() that returns the parsed form data or throws an error if the form data is invalid.
• .safeParse() that returns an object with this shape: { success: true, data: Output } | { success: false, error: Error }.

Complete API

interface FormInput

Base interface for all form inputs.

interface FormInput<T = unknown> {
    /** Attributes given when creating the validator. */
    attributes: Record<string, string | string[] | number | boolean | RegExp | undefined>;
    /**
     * Transforms the output of the validator into another value.
     *
     * @example
     *   text().transform((value) => value.length);
     *
     * @param fn - The transformation function.
     * @param catcher - In case the transformation function throws, this function
     *   is called to generate an error message.
     */
    transform<U>(fn: (value: T) => U, catcher?: (error: unknown) => string): FormInput<U>;
    /** Adds a custom validation to the input. */
    refine<U extends T>(fn: (value: T) => value is U, message?: string | ((value: T) => string)): FormInput<U>;
    refine(fn: (value: T) => unknown, message?: string | ((value: T) => string)): FormInput<T>;
    /**
     * Makes the field optional, for inputs that may be removed or added
     * dynamically to the form.
     *
     * It returns `undefined` instead of `null` to differentiate between a missing
     * field (`undefined`) and a field with an empty value (`null`).
     *
     * You may provide a default value to be used when the field is missing.
     */
    optional(): FormInput<T | undefined>;
    optional<U>(value: U): FormInput<T | U>;
    /** @private @internal */
    [safeParse]: (data: ReadonlyFormData, name: string) => Result<T, ValidationIssue>;
}

class FormgatorError

An error thrown when using form.parse(). It has two fields: issues and accepted, containing the issues and accepted values respectively.

Type-safety cannot be guaranteed when using exceptions. If you want type-safety, use form.safeParse().

type Issues

Transforms an object of form inputs into the issues object.

type Issues<T extends Record<string, FormInput> = Record<string, FormInput<unknown>>> = {
    [K in keyof T]?: ValidationIssue;
} extends infer O ? {
    [K in keyof O]: O[K];
} : never;

type Output

Transforms an object of form inputs into the success object.

type Output<T extends Record<string, FormInput> = Record<string, FormInput<unknown>>> = {
    [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends FormInput<infer U> ? U : never;
} extends infer O ? {
    [K in keyof O]: O[K];
} : never;

type ValidationIssue

All possible validation issues that can be returned by a form input.

type ValidationIssue = {
    code: "accept";
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "custom";
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "invalid";
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "max";
    max: number | string;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "maxlength";
    maxlength: number;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "min";
    min: number | string;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "minlength";
    minlength: number;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "pattern";
    pattern: RegExp;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "refine";
    received: unknown;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "required";
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "step";
    step: number;
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "transform";
    message: string;
} | {
    code: "type";
    message: string;
};

function checkbox()

<input type="checkbox"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.

The value attribute is not supported, use select({ multiple: true }) instead if you want to handle several checkboxes with the same name but different values.

function color()

<input type="color"> form input validator.

It does not support any attributes.

The output value is a string with the format #rrggbb.

function custom()

A custom validator, transformer, whatever, for you to implement if formgator falls short on features.

Returning a value will be considered a success, while throwing an error will be considered a validation issue. The error message will be used as the issue message.

function date()

<input type="date"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum date.
• max - Maximum date.

The output value is a string with the format yyyy-mm-dd.

function datetimeLocal()

<input type="datetime-local"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum date.
• max - Maximum date.

The output value is a string with the format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm.

function email()

<input type="email"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match by each email address.
• multiple - Whether the input allows multiple comma-separated email addresses.

function file()

<input type="file"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• multiple - Whether the input allows multiple files.
• required - Whether the input is required.
• accept - The accepted file types, as an array of MIME types (image/png), MIME wildcards (image/*), or file extensions (.png).

function form()

Creates a form validator from a record of form inputs.

The return schema has two methods: parse and safeParse:

• parse(data: FormData) returns the data object if valid, throws a FormgatorError otherwise.
• safeParse(data: FormData) returns an object with success a success boolean flag, and either data or error containing the parsed data or the issues respectively.

function hidden()

<input type="hidden"> form input validator.

Not very useful, but included for completeness.

function image()

<input type="image"> form input validator.

function month()

<input type="month"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum date.
• max - Maximum date.

The output value is a string with the format yyyy-mm.

function number()

<input type="number"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum value.
• max - Maximum value.

function password()

<input type="text"> form input validator.

Does not accept new lines, use textarea() instead.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match.

function radio()

<input type="radio"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.

function range()

<input type="range"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• min - Minimum value, defaults to 0.
• max - Maximum value, defaults to 100.
• step - Step value, defaults to 1.

function search()

<input type="text"> form input validator.

Does not accept new lines, use textarea() instead.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match.

function select()

<select> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• multiple - Whether the input allows multiple selections.
• required - Whether the input is required.

function splat()

Allows you to splat attributes into Svelte HTML template.

This feature is considered experimental and may be removed in the future.

function tel()

<input type="text"> form input validator.

Does not accept new lines, use textarea() instead.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match.

function text()

<input type="text"> form input validator.

Does not accept new lines, use textarea() instead.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match.

function textarea()

<textarea> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.

function time()

<input type="time"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum date.
• max - Maximum date.

The output value is a string with the format yyyy-mm-dd.

function url()

<input type="url"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• maxlength - Maximum length of the input.
• minlength - Minimum length of the input.
• pattern - Regular expression pattern to match.

function week()

<input type="week"> form input validator.

Supported attributes:

• required - Whether the input is required.
• min - Minimum date.
• max - Maximum date.

The output value is a string with the format yyyy-Www (e.g. 1999-W01).

Errors

An invalid form will produce an error with the same shape as your form schema:

const schema = fg.form({
  username: fg.text({ required: true }),
  birthday: fg.date().asDate(),
  newsletter: fg.checkbox(),
});

// Using `.parse()`:
try {
  schema.parse(form);
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof fg.FormgatorError) {
    // error.issues is an object with this shape
    // {
    //   username?: ValidationIssue
    //   birthday?: ValidationIssue
    //   newsletter?: ValidationIssue
    // }
  }
}

// Using `.safeParse()`:
const result = schema.safeParse(form);
if (!result.success) {
  // result.error.issues is an object with this shape
  // {
  //   username?: ValidationIssue
  //   birthday?: ValidationIssue
  //   newsletter?: ValidationIssue
  // }
}

A ValidationIssue object has the following shape:

interface ValidationIssue {
  code:
    | 'type' // If the value is not of the expected type (e.g. string instead of File)
    | 'invalid' // If the value does not have the right format (e.g. invalid email)
    | 'required' // If the value is empty
    | 'minlength' // If the value is too short
    | 'maxlength' // If the value is too long
    | 'pattern' // If the value does not match the pattern
    | 'min' // If the value is too low
    | 'max' // If the value is too high
    | 'step' // If the value is not a multiple of the step
    | 'accept' // If the value does not match the accept attribute
    | 'transform' // If the `transform` callback throws an error
    | 'refine'; // If the `refine` callback returns false
  message: string;
}

If some fields were accepted nonetheless, the error object will have an accepted property with all the accepted fields: error.accepted for .parse() and result.error.accepted for .safeParse(). This allows you to recover from partial form data.

Usage with SvelteKit

Formgator can be used in SvelteKit to validate form data and query parameters. Because formgator imports @sveltejs/kit internally, you need to bundle it with your application to avoid weird runtime behaviors:

• Move formgator from dependencies to devDependencies in your package.json.
• Add ssr: { noExternal: ['formgator'] } to the root of vite.config.{js|ts}.

This will ensure that formgator use the bundled version of @sveltejs/kit instead of an external one. This also means that formgator will be tree-shaken in your production build, and no longer imported from node_modules at runtime.

Form actions

Formgator exposes a SvelteKit adapter that can be used to validate form data in SvelteKit form actions.

// +page.server.ts
import * as fg from 'formgator';
import { formgate } from 'formgator/sveltekit';

export const actions = {
  login: formgate(
    {
      email: fg.email({ required: true }),
      password: fg.password({ required: true }),
    },
    (data, event) => {
      // data.email and data.password are guaranteed to be strings
      // The form will be rejected as 400 Bad Request if they are missing or empty
      // event is the object that would be your first argument without formgator
    }
  ),
};

The parsed form result is added at the beginning of the arguments list to ensure ascending compatibility with SvelteKit; extending the event object might clash with upcoming features.

If the form data is invalid, the form action will populate the form property of your +page.svelte component. Its shape will be as follows:

export let form: {
  issues: {
    // Contains the validation issues for each field
    email?: ValidationIssue;
    password?: ValidationIssue;
  };
  accepted: {
    // Allows you to recover from partial form data
    email?: string;
    password?: string;
  };
};

If you have several forms on the same page, you can add a third argument to formgate to specify the form name: formgate(..., { id: "login" }). This id will be propagated to form.id in your page component.

Page load

As formgator works on URLSearchParams objects and can run client-side, you can use it to validate query parameters in your SvelteKit page components.

// +page.ts
import * as fg from 'formgator';
import { loadgate } from 'formgator/sveltekit';

export const load = loadgate(
  {
    page: fg.number({ min: 1, required: true }).optional(1),
    search: fg.search().trim().optional(),
  },
  (data, event) => {
    // data has the shape { page: number, search: string | undefined }
    // event is the object that would be your first argument without formgator
    // The page will load as 400 Bad Request if the query parameters are invalid
  }
);

Disclaimer

This package is still in development and the API is subject to change. API will be stabilized in version 1.0.0.

Design choices

• Why does text() produce null for an empty string?

  This allows making the difference between empty and valid. For instance, the field <input type="text" minlength="4"> would accept both '' and '1234' but not '123'; an empty field is considered valid as long as the required attribute is not set on the input. Therefore, text() produces string when valid and null when empty. To receive a string value, either use text({ required: true }) to prevent empty inputs, text().transform(v => v ?? '') to transform null into '', or text().trim() to transform whitespace-only strings into ''.

• Why use both null and undefined?

  null is used to represent an empty field, while undefined is used to represent a missing field. JavaScript is a weird language with two different ways to represent the absence of a value, and we can use this to our advantage.

• Why? Just why?

  I needed a way to mirror client-side validation on a server application. Most JavaScript form validation libraries are designed to work with native JS objects, not FormData, so I made my own.

License

This package is licensed under the MIT license.

The project logo was generated by AI and is in the public domain.