Added support for Overload attack

art/attacks/evasion/__init__.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 from art.attacks.evasion.lowprofool import LowProFool
 from art.attacks.evasion.momentum_iterative_method import MomentumIterativeMethod
 from art.attacks.evasion.newtonfool import NewtonFool
+from art.attacks.evasion.overload.overload import OverloadPyTorch
 from art.attacks.evasion.pe_malware_attack import MalwareGDTensorFlow
 from art.attacks.evasion.pixel_threshold import PixelAttack
 from art.attacks.evasion.projected_gradient_descent.projected_gradient_descent import ProjectedGradientDescent

art/attacks/evasion/overload/overload.py

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+# MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (C) The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) Authors 2024
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+# documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+# Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+"""
+This module implements the Overload attack. This is a white-box attack.
+
+| Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.05370
+"""
+# pylint: disable=C0302
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from art.attacks.attack import EvasionAttack
+from art.attacks.evasion.overload.box_iou import box_iou
+from art.estimators.object_detection.pytorch_object_detector import PyTorchObjectDetector
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # pylint: disable=C0412
+    import torch
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class OverloadPyTorch(EvasionAttack):
+    """
+    The overload attack.
+
+    | Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.05370
+    """
+
+    attack_params = EvasionAttack.attack_params + [
+        "eps",
+        "max_iter",
+        "num_grid",
+        "batch_size",
+    ]
+
+    _estimator_requirements = ()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        estimator: PyTorchObjectDetector,
+        eps: float,
+        max_iter: int,
+        num_grid: int,
+        batch_size: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a overload attack instance.
+
+        :param estimator: A PyTorch object detection estimator for a YOLO5 model.
+        :param eps: Maximum perturbation that the attacker can introduce.
+        :param max_iter: The maximum number of iterations.
+        :param num_grid: The number of grids for width and high dimension.
+        :param batch_size: Size of the batch on which adversarial samples are generated.
+        """
+        super().__init__(estimator=estimator)
+        self.eps = eps
+        self.max_iter = max_iter
+        self.num_grid = num_grid
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        self._check_params()
+
+    def generate(self, x: np.ndarray, y: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, **kwargs) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Generate adversarial samples and return them in an array.
+
+        :param x: An array with the original inputs to be attacked.
+        :param y: Not used.
+        :return: An array holding the adversarial examples.
+        """
+
+        # Compute adversarial examples with implicit batching
+        x_adv = x.copy()
+        for batch_id in range(int(np.ceil(x_adv.shape[0] / float(self.batch_size)))):
+            batch_index_1 =  batch_id * self.batch_size
+            batch_index_2 = min((batch_id + 1) * self.batch_size, x_adv.shape[0])
+            x_batch = x_adv[batch_index_1:batch_index_2]
+            x_adv[batch_index_1:batch_index_2] = self._generate_batch(x_batch)
+
+        return x_adv
+
+    def _generate_batch(self, x_batch: np.ndarray, y_batch: Optional[np.ndarray] = None) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Run the attack on a batch of images.
+
+        :param x_batch: A batch of original examples.
+        :param y_batch: Not Used.
+        :return: A batch of adversarial examples.
+        """
+
+        import torch
+        x_org = torch.from_numpy(x_batch).to(self.estimator.device)
+        x_adv = x_org.clone()
+
+        cond = torch.logical_or(x_org < 0.0, x_org > 1.0)
+        if torch.any(cond):
+            raise ValueError("The value of each pixel must be normalized in the range [0, 1].")
+
+        for _ in range(self.max_iter):
+            x_adv = self._attack(x_adv, x_org)
+
+        return x_adv.cpu().detach().numpy()
+
+    def _attack(self,
+                x_adv: "torch.Tensor",
+                x: "torch.Tensor") -> "torch.Tensor":
+        """
+        Run attack.
+
+        :param x_batch: A batch of original examples.
+        :param y_batch: Not Used.
+        :return: A batch of adversarial examples.
+        """
+
+        import torch
+
+        x_adv.requires_grad_()
+        with torch.enable_grad():
+            loss, pixel_weight = self._loss(x_adv)
+        grad = torch.autograd.grad(torch.mean(loss), [x_adv])[0]
+
+        with torch.inference_mode():
+             x_adv.add_(pixel_weight * torch.sign(grad))
+             x_adv.clamp_(x - self.eps, x + self.eps)
+             x_adv.clamp_(0.0, 1.0)
+
+        x_adv.requires_grad_(False)
+        return x_adv
+
+    def _loss(self, x: "torch.tensor") -> Tuple["torch.tensor", "torch.tensor"]:
+        """
+        Compute the weight of each pixel and the overload loss for a given image.
+
+        :param x: A given image
+        :return: Overload loss and the weight of each pixel
+        """
+
+        import torch
+        adv_logits = self.estimator.model.model(x)
+        if type(adv_logits) is tuple:
+            adv_logits = adv_logits[0]
+
+        THRESHOLD = self.estimator.model.conf
+        conf = adv_logits[..., 4]
+        prob = adv_logits[..., 5:]
+        prob = torch.where(conf[:, :, None] * prob > THRESHOLD, torch.ones_like(prob), prob)
+        prob = torch.sum(prob, dim=2)
+        conf = conf * prob
+
+        ind_loss = -(1.0 - conf) * (1.0 - conf)
+        ind_loss = torch.sum(ind_loss, dim=1)
+
+        pixel_weight = torch.ones_like(x)
+        pixel_weight.requires_grad_(False)
+        with torch.inference_mode():
+            stride_x = x.shape[-2] // self.num_grid
+            stride_y = x.shape[-1] // self.num_grid
+            grid_box = torch.zeros((0, 4), device=x.device)
+            for ii in range(self.num_grid):
+                for jj in range(self.num_grid):
+                    x1 = ii * stride_x
+                    y1 = jj * stride_y
+                    x2 = min(x1 + stride_x, x.shape[-2])
+                    y2 = min(y1 + stride_y, x.shape[-1])
+                    bb = torch.as_tensor([x1, y1, x2, y2], device=x.device)[None, :]
+                    grid_box = torch.cat([grid_box, bb], dim=0)
+
+            for xi in range(x.shape[0]):
+                xyhw = adv_logits[xi, :, :4]
+                prob = torch.max(adv_logits[xi, :, 5:], dim=1).values
+                box_idx = adv_logits[xi, :, 4] * prob > THRESHOLD
+                xyhw = xyhw[box_idx]
+                c_xyxy = self.xywh2xyxy(xyhw)
+                scores = box_iou(grid_box, c_xyxy)
+                scores = torch.where(scores > 0.0, torch.ones_like(scores), torch.zeros_like(scores))
+                scores = torch.sum(scores, dim=1)
+
+                # a native implementation:
+                # Increase the weight of the grid with fewer objects
+                idx_min = torch.argmin(scores)
+                grid_min = grid_box[idx_min]
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = grid_min.int()
+                pixel_weight[xi,:, y1:y2, x1:x2] = pixel_weight[xi,:, y1:y2, x1:x2] * 2
+                pixel_weight = pixel_weight / torch.max(pixel_weight[xi,:]) / 255.0
+
+        return ind_loss, pixel_weight
+
+    def xywh2xyxy(self, xywh: "torch.tensor") -> "torch.tensor":
+        """
+        Convert the representation from xywh format yo xyxy format.
+
+        : param xyhw: A n by 4 boxes store the information in xyhw format
+                      where [x ,y, w h] is [center_x, center_y, width, height]
+        : return: The n by 4 boxex in xyxy format
+                  where [x1, y1, x2, y2] is [top_left_x, top_left_y, bottom_right_x,  bottom_right_y]
+        """
+        xyxy = xywh.clone()
+        xyxy[:, 0] = xywh[:, 0] - xywh[:, 2] / 2
+        xyxy[:, 1] = xywh[:, 1] - xywh[:, 3] / 2
+        xyxy[:, 2] = xywh[:, 0] + xywh[:, 2] / 2
+        xyxy[:, 3] = xywh[:, 1] + xywh[:, 3] / 2
+        return xyxy
+
+    def _check_params(self) -> None:
+
+        if not isinstance(self.eps, float):
+            raise TypeError("The eps has to be of type float.")
+
+        if self.eps < 0 or self.eps > 1:
+            raise ValueError("The eps must be in the range [0, 1].")
+
+        if not isinstance(self.max_iter, int):
+            raise TypeError("The max_iter has to be of type int.")
+
+        if self.max_iter < 1:
+            raise ValueError("The number of iterations must be a positive integer.")
+
+        if not isinstance(self.num_grid, int):
+            raise TypeError("The num_grid has to be of type int.")
+
+        if self.num_grid < 1:
+            raise ValueError("The number of grid must be a positive integer.")
+
+        if not isinstance(self.batch_size, int):
+            raise TypeError("The batch_size has to be of type int.")
+
+        if self.batch_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("The batch size must be a positive integer.")

notebooks/README.md

@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ shows how to launch Composite Adversarial Attack (CAA) on Pytorch-based model ([
 CAA composites the perturbations in Lp-ball and semantic space (i.e., hue, saturation, rotation, brightness, and contrast),
 and is able to optimize the attack sequence and each attack component, thereby enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of adversarial examples.
 
+[overload-attack.ipynb](overload-attack.ipynb) [[on nbviewer](https://nbviewer.org/github/Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox/blob/main/notebooks/overload-attack.ipynb)]  exploits for latency attacks on objection detection using the YOLOv5 model.
+
 ## Metrics
 
 [privacy_metric.ipynb](privacy_metric.ipynb) [[on nbviewer](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox/blob/main/notebooks/privacy_metric.ipynb)] 

tests/attacks/evasion/test_overload_attack.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (C) The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) Authors 2024
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+# documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+# Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+import logging
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from art.attacks.evasion import OverloadPyTorch
+from art.estimators.object_detection import PyTorchYolo
+from tests.utils import ARTTestException
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+@pytest.mark.only_with_platform("pytorch")
+def test_generate(art_warning):
+    try:
+        import torch
+        model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5:v7.0',  model='yolov5s')
+        py_model = PyTorchYolo(model=model,
+                               input_shape=(3, 640, 640),
+                               channels_first=True)
+        # Download a sample image
+        import requests
+        from io import BytesIO
+        from PIL import Image
+
+        TARGET = 'https://ultralytics.com/images/zidane.jpg'
+        response = requests.get(TARGET)
+        org_img = np.asarray(Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).resize((640, 640)))
+        x = np.stack([org_img.transpose((2, 0, 1))], axis=0).astype(np.float32)
+
+        attack = OverloadPyTorch(py_model,
+                                 eps = 16.0 / 255.0,
+                                 max_iter = 10,
+                                 num_grid = 10,
+                                 batch_size = 1)
+
+        x_adv = attack.generate(x / 255.0)
+        assert x.shape == x_adv.shape
+        assert np.min(x_adv) >= 0.0
+        assert np.max(x_adv) <= 1.0
+
+        adv_np = np.transpose(x_adv[0, :] * 255, (1, 2, 0)).astype(np.uint8)
+        result = model(adv_np)
+        assert result.pred[0].shape[0] > 150
+
+    except ARTTestException as e:
+        art_warning(e)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.only_with_platform("pytorch")
+def test_check_params(art_warning):
+    try:
+        import torch
+        model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5:v7.0',  model='yolov5s')
+        py_model = PyTorchYolo(model=model,
+                               input_shape=(3, 640, 640),
+                               channels_first=True)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, -1.0, 5, 10, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 2.0, 5, 10, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 1.0, 10, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 0, 10, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 5, 1.0, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 5, 0, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 5, 10, 1.0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+           _ = OverloadPyTorch(py_model, 8 / 255.0, 5, 0, 0)
+
+    except ARTTestException as e:
+        art_warning(e)