Improved converters and type annotations (#1014)

* Add proper type annotations to converters and fix `None` case for `as_timezone()`
* Swap order of `timezone` parameter type annotation for `CronTrigger.from_crontab()`
* Access enum member by name without using `__members__`

src/apscheduler/_converters.py

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone, tzinfo
 from typing import Any
 from uuid import UUID
 from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 from tzlocal import get_localzone
 
 
-def as_int(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_int(value: int | str) -> int:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return int(value)
 
     return value
 
 
-def as_aware_datetime(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_aware_datetime(value: datetime | str) -> datetime:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         # Before Python 3.11, fromisoformat() could not handle the "Z" suffix
         if value.upper().endswith("Z"):
@@ -30,33 +30,30 @@ def as_aware_datetime(value: Any) -> Any:
     return value
 
 
-def as_date(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_date(value: date | str) -> date:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return date.fromisoformat(value)
 
     return value
 
 
-def as_timezone(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_timezone(value: tzinfo | str) -> tzinfo:
     if isinstance(value, str):
-        if value is None or value == "local":
-            return get_localzone()
-
-        return ZoneInfo(value)
+        return get_localzone() if value == "local" else ZoneInfo(value)
     elif value is timezone.utc:
         return ZoneInfo("UTC")
 
     return value
 
 
-def as_uuid(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_uuid(value: UUID | str) -> UUID:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return UUID(value)
 
     return value
 
 
-def as_timedelta(value: Any) -> Any:
+def as_timedelta(value: timedelta | int) -> timedelta:
     if isinstance(value, (float, int)):
         return timedelta(seconds=value)
 
@@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ def as_timedelta(value: Any) -> Any:
 def as_enum(enum_class: Any) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     def converter(value: Any) -> Any:
         if isinstance(value, str):
-            return enum_class.__members__[value]
+            return enum_class[value]
 
         return value
 

src/apscheduler/triggers/cron/__init__.py

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def from_crontab(
         *,
         start_time: datetime | None = None,
         end_time: datetime | None = None,
-        timezone: str | tzinfo = "local",
+        timezone: tzinfo | str = "local",
     ) -> CronTrigger:
         """
         Create a :class:`~CronTrigger` from a standard crontab expression.